APUSH Review: Give Me Liberty, Chapter 6
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into Chapter 6 of 'Give Me Liberty,' exploring the post-Revolutionary era's push for democratized freedom and political expansion. It highlights the limitations of freedom and equality, which were largely exclusive to white men, excluding women and slaves. The script discusses the evolution of democracy, the varied state constitutions, and the impact of the Revolution on religion, leading to a decrease in anti-Catholic sentiment and the rise of deism. It also touches on the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom and the importance of public education. The script further addresses the economic and social changes of the time, including the shift from indentured servitude to slavery, the treatment of loyalists and Native Americans, and the concept of Republican Motherhood. It concludes by noting the American Revolution's influence on subsequent global revolutions.
Takeaways
- 🗳️ After the American Revolution, the concept of democracy evolved to include greater political participation, but this was largely limited to white men, excluding women and slaves.
- 🏛️ Pennsylvania's early 1776 constitution was a significant step towards democracy, featuring a unicameral legislature without a governor and no property requirements for office holding.
- 🌐 John Adams advocated for balanced governments with a bicameral legislature representing both the wealthy and ordinary citizens, as well as a governorship and judiciary branch for checks and balances.
- 🏘️ Southern states were less democratic, with governors chosen by legislatures controlled by the wealthy, not by popular vote.
- 🏞️ Vermont was a pioneer in democratic reforms, eliminating property requirements for voting, and New Jersey allowed property-owning women to vote until 1807.
- 🗳️ Annual elections were held in all states except South Carolina, increasing accountability by allowing voters to remove unsatisfactory office holders.
- ⛪ During the Revolutionary War, attitudes towards Catholics began to shift as the French, a Catholic nation, were allies against Britain.
- 📜 Deism, the belief in a non-interventionist God, was a significant viewpoint among some founding fathers, like Thomas Jefferson, who created the Jefferson Bible, stripping the Christian Bible of all divine references to Jesus.
- 🏛️ Many states moved towards disestablishing state churches and ending state-supported taxes for religious institutions, promoting the free exercise of religion.
- 🌱 By 1800, indentured servitude had virtually disappeared in the United States, with the North favoring free labor over slavery.
- 🏠 Jefferson and others believed in limited government that should promote freedom and not infringe on individual rights.
Q & A
What was the main theme of chapter six of 'Give Me Liberty'?
-The main theme of chapter six is the democratization of freedom and the expansion of the political nation after the American Revolution, with a focus on how these concepts did not extend to women and slaves.
What was the fear associated with the idea of the whole population voting?
-The fear associated with the whole population voting was 'mob rule,' which was a common concern in early American history after the revolution.
What was unique about the Pennsylvania State Constitution created by the pro-independence movement?
-The Pennsylvania State Constitution created by the pro-independence movement was unique because it established a unicameral legislature with no governor and eliminated property requirements for office holding.
What did John Adams argue for in terms of government structure?
-John Adams argued for balanced governments and states, envisioning a bicameral legislature that represented both the wealthy and ordinary Americans, along with a governorship and a judiciary branch to provide balance.
Why did Vermont eliminate property requirements for voting?
-Vermont was one of the first states to eliminate property requirements for voting, allowing a broader segment of the population to participate in the political process.
When were women allowed to vote in New Jersey if they owned property?
-Women in New Jersey could vote if they owned property up until 1807, which included widowed women who inherited property from their husbands.
How did the Revolutionary War impact the perception of Catholics in America?
-During the Revolutionary War, Americans worked more closely with Catholics, particularly through the French Alliance, which led to a decrease in hostility and a perception of Catholics as less of a threat.
What was the significance of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom?
-The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, authored by Thomas Jefferson, was significant as it was a forerunner to the First Amendment, guaranteeing freedom of religion.
What was the impact of the Revolutionary War on indentured servants in the United States?
-By 1800, there were virtually no indentured servants in the United States, which drew a clearer line between slaves and free individuals, as the north relied on free labor.
How did the Revolutionary War affect Native Americans?
-The Revolutionary War drastically impacted Native Americans, as their land was destroyed in conflicts with Americans, and they were left out of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 with no protection or land set aside for them.
What was the concept of 'Republican Motherhood' that emerged during the Revolutionary era?
-Republican Motherhood was the concept that women were expected to raise their children to be good citizens, which placed an increased importance on women's role in the home and their influence on the next generation of Americans.
Outlines
🗽 Democratizing Freedom and Early American Politics
This section delves into the democratization of freedom post-Revolution, highlighting the limitations of these freedoms to women and slaves. It discusses the evolving meaning of democracy, which initially included broader participation in politics but was largely restricted to white men. Pennsylvania's early 1776 political landscape is explored, emphasizing the pro-British and pro-independence factions, with key figures like Thomas Paine and Benjamin Rush. The Pennsylvania State Constitution's creation of a unicameral legislature without a governor and the removal of property requirements for office holding are noted. The segment also touches on John Adams' advocacy for balanced governments with a bicameral legislature and the varied democratic practices across different southern states, including the elimination of property requirements for voting in Vermont and women's voting rights in New Jersey if they owned property.
🛐 Religion and the American Revolution
This paragraph examines the role of religion during the Revolutionary War, noting the collaboration with Catholic nations like France and the subsequent reduction in anti-Catholic sentiment. It discusses the efforts of the Scots-Irish and the Virginia Frontier to end taxes supporting the Anglican Church, the rise of deism among founding fathers, exemplified by Thomas Jefferson's creation of the Jefferson Bible, and his advocacy for a separation of church and state. The paragraph also covers the establishment of religious freedom in various state constitutions, the discrimination against Jews in politics, and Jefferson's legacy, as marked by his grave inscriptions.
🏛️ The Impact of the American Revolution on Society and Economy
This section addresses the societal and economic changes following the American Revolution, including the decline of indentured servitude and the rise of free labor in the North. It emphasizes Noah Webster's view on equality as a fundamental right, the concept of equal opportunity, and Jefferson's support for a limited government that promotes freedom. The discussion also includes the economic turmoil during the war, with soaring prices and the government's intervention to regulate prices and wages. The experiences of loyalists during and after the war are highlighted, including their suppression, property confiscation, and eventual integration or emigration. The paragraph concludes with the impact on Native Americans, their division in support during the war, and the subsequent land grabs by American settlers.
🚼 Women and Slavery in Revolutionary America
This segment focuses on the experiences of women and slaves during the Revolutionary period. It details the argument for independence, the hypocrisy of slave-owning revolutionaries claiming a lack of freedom, and the eventual acceptance of slavery within state and federal governments to maintain national unity. The section also covers the efforts of slaves to gain freedom through petitions and the British offer of freedom to slaves who fought for them. It highlights Vermont's 1777 ban on slavery and the gradual emancipation laws in the North, which did not immediately free all slaves. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on the limited voting rights for free blacks in some states and the lack of political rights for women, despite their contributions to the war effort and the emergence of the 'Republican Motherhood' concept.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Democratizing Freedom
💡Republican Motherhood
💡Unicameral Legislature
💡Loyalists
💡Deism
💡Articles of Confederation
💡Freedom Petitions
💡Gradual Emancipation
💡Religious Freedom
💡Abolition
Highlights
The concept of freedom and equality post-Revolution did not extend to women and slaves.
Democracy after the Revolution involved greater political participation, primarily for white men, not women or African Americans.
Pennsylvania's early 1776 Constitution was unicameral with no governor and removed property requirements for office holding.
John Adams advocated for a balanced government with a bicameral legislature, governorship, and judiciary branch.
Southern states were less democratic, with governors chosen by legislatures controlled by the wealthy.
Vermont was the first state to eliminate property requirements for voting.
New Jersey allowed women who owned property to vote until 1807.
Most states held annual elections to increase accountability of office holders to voters.
During the Revolutionary War, Americans collaborated with Catholic nations, reducing hostility towards Catholics.
Deists, like Thomas Jefferson, believed in a creator but no divine intervention, exemplified by the Jefferson Bible.
Jefferson envisioned a wall of separation between government and religion, influencing the First Amendment.
Many state constitutions promoted free exercise of religion, but all states except New York barred Jews from politics.
Christian republicanism emerged, viewing Christianity as essential for instilling moral values in citizens.
The importance of public education was recognized for an educated electorate, as supported by Thomas Jefferson.
By 1800, indentured servitude was virtually nonexistent, distinguishing between slaves and free labor.
Noah Webster considered equality as the most important right, more so than freedom of speech or religion.
Jefferson favored a small government that promotes freedom without infringing on people's rights.
Virginia outlawed entail and primogeniture, allowing more people to acquire land.
During the Revolutionary War, goods' prices soared, leading to government price regulations to promote public good.
Loyalists, about 20% of the population, faced suppression, and many left the US post-war.
Native Americans were significantly impacted by the Revolutionary War, with many losing land and being left out of the Treaty of Paris protections.
Many founding fathers owned slaves, viewing them as property to be protected by government.
Some slaves used revolutionary ideas to seek freedom through Freedom petitions, though many were unsuccessful.
The American Revolution inspired other revolutions globally, including in France, Haiti, and Latin America.
Republican Motherhood emphasized the role of women in raising good citizens, though it did not extend to political rights.
Transcripts
[Music]
what's up a push peeps we have chapter
six of Give me liberty for you today
this is one is from the fourth edition
but if you have other editions it'll
match up as well so let's get going all
right we're going to start off with
democratizing freedom and expanding the
political Nation After the Revolution
men still had control over their
household wives and slaves now keep in
mind a lot of these ideas of freedom and
equality that are going to be talked
about are are not going to extend to
women and slaves that's the theme of
this chapter now let's talk about the
meanings of democracy has a couple of
different variations it could mean that
the whole population voted but this
would lead to a fear of a mob rule which
was a common theme of early American
history after the revolution it came to
mean greater equality but really it was
just for white men not for women and
African Americans Artisans and small
farmers they began discussing politics
not just Elites so it was really a large
variety of Americans who partook in
political discussion let's jump over to
Pennsylvania in early 1776 on the eve of
the Revolution it was really divided
into two different camps Pro British and
pro-independence the leaders of the
pro-independence movement included names
that you're familiar with such as Thomas
Payne T Payne here we go Benjamin Rush
and many others and they're the ones
that really went out in the newly
created Pennsylvania State Constitution
created a unicameral or a one house
legislature with no governor and it also
eliminated property requirements for
office holding so we see the impacts of
the British government here this idea of
a unicameral legislature with no
Governor this fear of an executive
branch and that'll be something we'll
get into in the next chapter with the
Articles of Confederation other states
are going to create constitutions and
many Americans believe that governments
should be republics in other words
people vote and they are the ultimate
Authority they get to vote for office
holders who would represent them John
Adams second president of the United
States he's going to argue for Bal
governments and states and when he talks
when he talked about that he envisioned
bamal legislature which is a two house
legislature that represented the wealthy
and ordinary Americans he also saw a
governorship and a Judiciary branch that
would help provide balance so this idea
of really three separate branches he
envisioned southern states were the
least Democratic out of all the states
and for example in Virginia and South
Carolina the governor was chosen by the
legislature which was controlled by the
wealthy so it wasn't the people who got
to vote for the governor it was members
of the legislature who tended to be the
wealthy individuals the state of Vermont
will see no property requirements nor
pole taxes to vote so that will be one
of the first states to really eliminate
property requirements for voting and in
New Jersey women could vote if they own
property up until 1807 so widowed women
for example who Inherited property from
their husbands they would be a able to
vote and all states except South
Carolina held annual elections and
holding annual elections would make
office holders more accountable to the
voters because they could vote them out
of office if they were unhappy let's
jump on over to religion now and let's
talk about Catholic Americans during the
Revolutionary War Americans worked more
with Catholic look no further than the
French Alliance and France was a
Catholic Nation so for the first time
Americans work hand inand with Catholics
and begin to see Catholics
as not as much of a threat although
there still will be lots of hostility
towards Catholics it begins to decrease
slowly the Scots Irish and the Virginia
Frontier they sought to end taxes as
supported the Anglican church and this
will really be a continuing movement for
other states as well and many founding
fathers were deists and if you're a
deist you pretty much believe that God
created the world and then step back
there's no divine intervention God is
Not siding with an individual or group
of people people God created the world
and then basically took a hands-off
approach and he created what is known as
the Jefferson Bible and you can see this
in the Smithsonian the Jefferson Bible
is basically the Christian Bible but he
removed all references to Jesus being
Divine so he thought Jesus was a really
good person a very moral person but he
did not believe that Jesus was divine
Jefferson was also quoted as saying that
he envisioned a wall of separation
between government and religion and we
see that states begin to eliminate
established churches and especially
State supported taxes towards these
churches many state constitutions
promoted this idea of free exercise of
religion and all states except New York
barred Jews from participating in
politics so there still was
discrimination against other religions
be besides Christianity Jefferson was
the author of the Virginia Statute of
Religious Freedom which is a forerunner
to the First Amendment which guarantees
freedom of religion if you take a look
of his grave you can go and see it it
says here lies Thomas Jefferson author
of the Declaration of American
independence of the statute of Virginia
for Religious Freedom and father of the
University of Virginia those are what he
considered to be the three most
important Milestones of his career what
is messing oh yeah being president he
didn't think I ranked in the top three
James Madison a good friend of Thomas
Jefferson he viewed America as an asylum
to the persecuted this is kind of
continuing the idea of American
exception ISM that we talked about in
the last chapter so with the American
Revolution some Churches would see new
ideas that challenge tradition in their
churches as well you have the young
morovian in North Carolina they
challenged arrange marriages and some of
the traditional ideas in their church
and new religious denominations emerg
and would really continue to emerge
throughout American history today we
have about 1,300 different religious
denominations in the United States today
so during the American Revolution people
began to question churches well and we
see the emergence of new denominations
Christian republicanism is this idea
that Christianity is good to instill
moral values moral qualities and values
into citizens and then we see the
emergence of support for free public
schools and the question is why people
like Thomas Jefferson love the idea of
free public schools and this is because
he believed and many others believed
that an educated elector is very
important because one day they would be
voting and making decisions for the
country so it's important to have an
educated group of Americans who will one
day be making decisions by 1800 there
are virtually no indentured servants in
the United States so that draws more of
a line between slaves and free
individuals the north relied on Free
Labor which meant that people could work
for wages Noah Webster viewed equality
as the most important right an
individual could have more than freedom
of speech more than freedom of religion
you name it he thought equality was the
most important and Americans really
favored equal opportunity but not
necessarily equality of condition in
other words everybody should have an
equal opportunity to obtain something
but it doesn't mean that everybody
should obtain the exact same thing or be
guaranteed to obtain the exact same
thing Jefferson favored a small
government but he believed that the
government should help promote Freedom
so this limited government should not
infringe on people's rights but the
government should help protect freedom
and promote freedom for Americans in
Virginia they embol entail which forbid
the division of land upon a person's
death beyond the family this idea of
entail man if if I own a large
Plantation and I die my heirs could not
break that up and sell it it had to be
intact as a whole this is outlawed and
this helps more people acquire land and
Virginia also abolished Primo gure which
is the idea that the eldest son inherits
all the property so if I have six
children my eldest son is not going to
be the only one who benefits from my by
passing by gaining all of my land during
the Revolutionary War prices of goods
soared and paper money was being printed
at a very high rate crowds would
sometimes seize food and other goods
from stores and then they would sell it
at a price that they saw fit and
Congress set up and established price
wages and we'll see this a couple times
throughout American history and they
sought to do this to promote the benefit
for the public good so the government is
kind of getting involved here to promote
the public good not necessarily for
indiv individuals however shortly after
the government price regulations would
stop and this really kind of represents
this conflict between promoting the
public good versus economic freedom for
individuals all right let's jump on over
to loyalists these were people who were
loyal to Britain during the
Revolutionary War they made up roughly
20% of the American population depending
on where they were many tenants and
slaves of large plantations cited with
the British during the war and they did
so in the hopes of gaining Freedom or
gaining land and newspapers that were
loyal to Britain in the colonies were in
America were suppressed and often shut
down Quakers and other pacifists they
were arrested for not fighting and they
lost property and in many cases they did
not get it back and residents in many
states were required to take Oaths or
they would lose the right to vote so you
really had to be very Pro patriate
during the Revolutionary War or you
would face obstacles 60,000 loyalists
left the United States after the war and
that helped lead to the creation of New
Brunswick in Canada
that was made up of many Loyalists and
those that remained in the United States
eventually became a part of society but
they did not receive their confiscated
property back as they were promised in
the Treaty of Paris of 1783 which ended
the Revolutionary War now Native
Americans were drastically impacted by
the Revolutionary War Americans as we
know they sought to expand before and
after the war they sought to expand so
much so that the British issued the
Proclamation line which forbid expansion
and natives themselves were div Ed in
the support during the war and many of
them did side with the British including
this famous Native American Joseph
Brandt and native land was destroyed in
conflicts with Americans during the
Revolutionary War many Americans sought
land that belonged to Natives and the
government did support this Jefferson in
particular he was in favor of this
because he envisioned an agrarian
society for America and Out West is
where live dative Americans were living
at land that could be part of this
agrarian Vision he believe that Native
Americans should move west of the
Mississippi and this idea would be
fulfilled in part under Andrew Jackson
with the Indian Removal Act in which
many Native Americans were forced to
move west of the Mississippi River over
to Oklahoma and natives were left out of
the Treaty of Paris of 1783 there's no
protection for them there was no land
set aside for them the British
essentially left them out on their own
to deal with this newly created American
government now when we're talking about
Arguments for Independence many people
argued that colonists were enslaved
because they couldn't vote in Parliament
that's really an awful way to use the
word enslaved because you didn't have a
political voice James Otis he was one of
the few writers that argued that blacks
were British subjects as well and should
be treated as such and those that cried
for Freedom the loudest often owned
slaves so you would see these large
plantation owners upset with the British
and they would be the ones that and
claimed that they did not have freedom
and they would be the ones that owned
slaves more than 40% of the populations
of Virginia Georgia and South Carolina
were made up of slaves so a very large
portion of the population most founding
fathers own slaves including Jefferson
and Washington among many others and
slave owners advocated or believed that
the government should protect property
including slaves this is going to be a
key idea about government many people
believe is the government's
responsibility to protect property and
many people during this time believe
that slaves of property and the
government should protect it Quakers
that we know from William Penn settled
in Pennsylvania they were early
abolitionists one of the few groups that
were outspoken from a very early time
but the famous American Benjamin Rush he
really predicted the future when he
argue that slavery would bring National
punishment that would
ultimately become true during the Civil
War so the question is why was slavery
accepted in governments especially the
Constitution I know I'm jumping ahead by
about a chapter here but it's important
to understand this that if people tried
to outlaw slavery many individuals in
the South would not support this so in
order to have a unified Nation slavery
was accepted in both state governments
and the federal or the national
government as well not surprisingly at
all many slaves began to use the same
ideas and arguments of the revolutionary
era to try to obtain their freedom they
instituted Freedom petitions which were
introduced into courts by slaves to seek
freedom and many slaves did not
achieve their freedom Thomas Jefferson
Patrick Henry and James Madison all of
them had slaves flee to the British side
during the war and all told about a
100,000 slaves in the US did the exact
same thing they fled to the British
fought on behalf of the British because
the British gave in declaration that
slaves would become free if they fought
on their behalf in 1827 many years later
Britain compensated some slave owners
for this so they paid them money for
their slaves fleeing and some slave
owners in the Chesapeake emancipated
their slaves in the 1780s some as a
result of fighting and for other reasons
as well now really quick what two
counties make made up the Chesapeake
Virginia and Maryland very good what
type of Labor did they use initially yep
indented servitude and they switched to
slavery after what Rebellion you got it
Bacon's rebellion and what was the major
crap they grew yep you you interrupted
me that's good tobacco and the further
this out the less likely it was to occur
now in 1777 Vermont banned slavery in
the state and most emancipation laws in
the north were gradual and this idea
that children of slaves would be free
once they reached a certain age of
adulthood sometimes as late as 25 so
when you hear about emancipation laws it
doesn't necessarily mean that all slaves
were guaranteed Freedom or became free
usually it was children of slaves in the
1830s there were still some slaves that
lived in the north now Abal abolition in
the north created a a division between
free and slave states so we really see
like Ohio Pennsylvania here this will be
the northern states that are free and
below it will be South and this division
keep in mind when we get to uh the
Missouri Compromise in a few chapters
from now we'll see this line this
36° 30 north latitude line this really
will create a division a geographical
division between North and South or
between slave and free states and that
will create a lot of tension
in the United States many states allowed
free blacks who met Financial
qualifications to vote but that did not
extend to Virginia South Carolina and
Georgia again those States that had
slaves make up a lot of their population
all right we'll finish up talking about
women Deborah Samson she was a famous
woman who disguised herself as a man and
fought during the Revolutionary War many
women contributed to the war effort
through various mean ways including the
hompa movement by providing clothing
passing information along to Americans
and also by providing medical treatment
equality did not I repeat did not extend
to women After the Revolution as I
mentioned early to be earlier to begin
this chapter husband still had legal
authority over their wives and the
expectation was that women would be
obedient to their husbands above all
else now Republican Motherhood you have
to know this at start it's wicked wicked
important make sure you understand this
this idea really emerges during the
Revolutionary era and it's the idea that
women were expected to raise children to
be good citizens so it really placed an
increased importance on women in the
home and the belief that they would
raise children to be good American
citizens this did allow for increased
education opportunities for women but it
did not extend to the political realm at
all and unlike slavery women's rights
did not become a major topic until years
later particularly in the mid 19th
century at the sen C Falls convention in
1848 but I'm jumping ahead we'll get to
it in a few chapters the American
Revolution had tremendous impact on the
world very important to know this idea
that the American Revolution inspired
other revolutions including in France
Haiti and Latin America so many other
people looked at the Declaration of
Independence and said you know what that
makes sense let's apply that to our
country if we have a king here we're
going to overthrow that king or at least
try to all right let's do a quick recap
state governments under the new
constitution know how they were set up
what was the purpose of them religion
what is De deism definitely no
Jefferson's Wall of Separation loyalist
during the war how many were there what
happened to them Native Americans during
the war was what was the impact on them
and gradual mancipation what does that
mean and women in the Revolutionary War
and finally of course Republican
Motherhood know that at all costs all
right guys look forward to seeing you
right back here for chapter 7 where
we'll talk about a very famous Rebellion
that is depicted did here if you have
any questions or concerns feel free to
leave them in the comment section below
I thank you guys very much for watching
and have a good day
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