We need to talk about an injustice - Bryan Stevenson
Summary
TLDRIn this TED Talk, the speaker reflects on the power of identity and its impact on society, drawing from personal experiences and the criminal justice system. He discusses the rise of mass incarceration, its disproportionate effects on the poor and people of color, and the need for a societal commitment to truth, reconciliation, and justice. The talk concludes with a call for courage to confront these challenges and a vision for a more compassionate and just world.
Takeaways
- π The speaker emphasizes the power of identity and how it can influence the impact of one's words and actions.
- π TED Talks have a global influence and can instill meaning and power to the messages conveyed.
- π΅ The speaker's grandmother played a pivotal role in shaping his understanding of identity and the importance of commitment.
- π€ Identity is a powerful tool that can motivate individuals to achieve things they might not have believed possible.
- π« The speaker abstains from alcohol due to a promise made to his grandmother, illustrating the lasting influence of identity on personal choices.
- π The U.S. has the highest incarceration rate globally, with 2.3 million people in jails and prisons.
- π Mass incarceration disproportionately affects poor communities and communities of color, leading to despair and hopelessness.
- π° The justice system treats the rich better than the poor, with wealth, not culpability, often determining outcomes.
- ποΈ The speaker discusses the death penalty, suggesting that society should consider not just whether people deserve to die for their crimes, but whether society deserves to kill.
- π The decline in crime rates is not directly linked to increased incarceration; instead, it's related to other societal factors.
- π The speaker highlights the need for a societal commitment to truth and reconciliation to address historical injustices.
Q & A
What is the main theme of the speaker's TED talk?
-The main theme of the speaker's TED talk is the power of identity and its impact on society, particularly in the context of the criminal justice system, mass incarceration, and racial disparities.
Where does the speaker spend most of his time?
-The speaker spends most of his time in jails, prisons, on death row, and in low-income communities where there is a great deal of hopelessness.
What impact does TED have according to the speaker?
-According to the speaker, TED has an identity that allows the ideas shared there to have a global impact and carry more meaning and power than if they were shared elsewhere.
What lesson about identity did the speaker learn from his grandmother?
-The speaker learned from his grandmother that identity is important and that when the right kind of identity is created, it can inspire people to believe and achieve things they didn't think were possible.
What three promises did the speaker's grandmother ask him to make?
-The speaker's grandmother asked him to promise to always love his mom, always do the right thing even when it's hard, and never drink alcohol.
How has the speaker kept his promise to his grandmother regarding alcohol?
-The speaker admits that even at the age of 52, he has never had a drop of alcohol, demonstrating his commitment to the promise he made to his grandmother.
What is the current state of the US criminal justice system according to the speaker?
-The speaker states that the US has the highest rate of incarceration in the world, with 2.3 million people in jails and prisons, and 7 million on probation and parole, indicating a system that has fundamentally changed and is disproportionately affecting poor communities and communities of color.
What is the disproportionate impact of the criminal justice system on young black men?
-The speaker highlights that one out of three black men between the ages of 18 and 30 is in jail, prison, on probation, or parole, and in some urban communities, 50 to 60% of young men of color are affected.
What does the speaker suggest is the opposite of poverty in many parts of the world?
-The speaker suggests that the opposite of poverty is not wealth, but justice, implying that addressing injustice is key to overcoming poverty.
What does the speaker argue is the responsibility of the TED community?
-The speaker argues that the TED community should be more courageous, embrace challenges and problems, and integrate the bright and dazzling aspects of life with the dark and difficult ones to contribute to a more just and compassionate society.
What advice did the janitor give to the speaker during a difficult court case?
-The janitor advised the speaker to 'keep your eyes on the prize, hold on,' encouraging him to stay focused and committed to his work despite the challenges.
Outlines
π The Power of Identity and Influence
The speaker begins by expressing gratitude for the opportunity to speak at TED, contrasting their usual work in jails, prisons, and impoverished communities with the stimulating environment at TED. They note the global impact of ideas shared at TED and emphasize the importance of identity. The speaker shares a personal story about their grandmother's influence, highlighting her strength and the powerful lessons she imparted, such as the importance of being special, doing the right thing, and abstaining from alcohol. The narrative illustrates how identity can shape one's life and the world's perception.
π Reflections on Incarceration and Identity
The speaker admits to having never consumed alcohol, attributing this to the identity instilled by their grandmother. They discuss the transformation of the U.S. criminal justice system, noting the drastic increase in incarceration rates over the past 40 years. The speaker points out the racial and economic disparities within the system, where wealth, not guilt, often determines outcomes. They also touch on issues like permanent disenfranchisement due to criminal convictions and the unique challenges faced by children in the justice system, including life imprisonment without parole. The death penalty's fallibility is highlighted, with one innocent person exonerated for every nine executed.
π The Need for Truth and Reconciliation
The speaker argues for a commitment to truth and reconciliation in addressing America's historical and ongoing issues with race and justice. They contrast this with Germany's response to its history, where the death penalty is unthinkable. The speaker calls for a more courageous approach to social justice, emphasizing the need to integrate bright and dark aspects of society. They share experiences with civil rights icons like Rosa Parks, stressing the importance of bravery in the face of systemic injustice.
π‘ The Intersection of Humanity and Justice
The speaker discusses the profound impact of identity on society's view of crime and punishment. They argue that each person is more than their worst act and that the opposite of poverty is justice. The speaker shares a story of representing a young client, reflecting on the judge's power to define and the importance of maintaining hope and courage. An encounter with a janitor who encouraged the speaker to 'keep your eyes on the prize' illustrates the power of community support in the pursuit of justice.
π Collective Action for Social Change
In the concluding paragraph, the speaker calls for collective action, using the example of a referendum in California to redirect funds from the death penalty to law enforcement and safety. They challenge the narrative that increased incarceration reduces crime, arguing for a focus on helping crime victims and changing the punitive approach to justice. The speaker's message is one of inspiration, urging the audience to engage with social issues and maintain a vision that combines technology, creativity, and justice.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Identity
π‘Hopelessness
π‘Compassion
π‘Mass Incarceration
π‘Desensitization
π‘Disenfranchisement
π‘Innocence
π‘Criminal Justice System
π‘Truth and Reconciliation
π‘Human Rights
π‘Human Dignity
Highlights
The speaker spends most of their time in jails, prisons, and low-income communities.
TED Talks have an identity and global impact that can't be replicated elsewhere.
Identity is powerful, especially when combined with compassion or care.
The speaker learned about the power of identity from their grandmother.
Grandmother's influence was shaped by her parents' experience of slavery.
Grandmother's love and strength were demonstrated through her hugs.
The speaker's grandmother believed all her grandchildren were special.
Three promises were extracted from the speaker: to love his mom, always do the right thing, and never drink alcohol.
The speaker discusses the issue of mass incarceration in the United States.
The U.S. has the highest rate of incarceration in the world.
Mass incarceration has fundamentally changed life in poor communities and communities of color.
One out of three black men between the ages of 18 and 30 is in jail, prison, on probation, or parole.
The justice system treats the rich better than the poor.
The speaker discusses the death penalty and the high rate of error in its application.
The speaker emphasizes the need for truth and reconciliation in the United States' history.
The speaker argues that our identity is at risk if we don't care about difficult issues.
The speaker shares a story about representing children sentenced to harsh sentences.
The speaker believes that each person is more than the worst thing they've ever done.
The opposite of poverty is not wealth, but justice.
The speaker concludes by urging the audience to keep their eyes on the prize and hold on.
Transcripts
[Music]
[Applause]
well this is a really extraordinary
honor for me I spend most of my time in
jails in prisons on death row I spend
most of my time in very low-income
communities and the projects and places
where there's a great deal of
hopelessness and being here at Ted and
and seeing the stimulation hearing it
has been very very energizing to me and
one of the things that's emerged in my
short time here is that Ted has an
identity and you can actually say things
here that have impacts around the world
and sometimes when it comes through Ted
it has meaning and power that it doesn't
have when it doesn't and I mention that
because I think identity is really
important and we've had some fantastic
presentations and I think what we've
learned is that if you're a teacher your
words can be meaningful but if you're a
compassionate teacher they can be
especially meaningful if you're a doctor
you can do some good things but if
you're a caring doctor you can do some
other things so I want to talk about the
power of identity and I didn't learn
about this actually practicing law and
doing the work that I do I I I actually
learned about this from my grandmother I
grew up in a house uh that was the
traditional African-American home that
was dominated by a matriarch and that
matriarch was my grandmother that she
was tough she was strong she was
powerful uh she was the end of every
argument in our family uh she was the
beginning of a lot of arguments in our
family uh she was the daughter of people
who were actually enslaved her parents
were born ens slavery in Virginia in the
1840s she was born in the 1880s and the
experience of slavery very much shaped
the way she saw the world and my mother
my grandmother was tough but she was
also loving when I would see her as a
little boy she'd come up to me and she'd
give me these hugs and she'd squeeze me
so tight I could barely breathe and then
she'd let me go and an hour or two later
if I saw her she'd come over to me and
she'd say Brian do you still feel me
hugging you and if I said no she'd
assault me again and if I'd say yes
she'd leave me alone and then she just
had this quality that you always wanted
to be near her and the only challenge
was that she had 10 children my mom was
the youngest of her 10 kids and
sometimes when I would go and spend time
with her it'd be difficult to get her
time and attention my cousins would be
running around everywhere and I remember
uh when I was about 8 or 9 years old
waking up one morning going into the
living room and all of my cousins were
running around and my grandmother was
sitting across the room staring at me
and at first I thought we were playing a
game and I would look at her and I'd
smile but she was very serious and after
about 15 or 20 minutes of this she got
up and she came across the room and she
took me by the hand and she said come on
Brian you and I going to have a talk and
I remember this just like it happened
yesterday and never will forget it she
she took me out back and she said Brian
I'm going to tell you something but you
don't tell anybody what I tell you I
said okay Mom she said now you you make
sure you don't do that I said sure then
she sat me down and she looked at me and
she said I want you to know I've been
watching you and she said I think you're
special she said I think you can do
anything you want to do I will never
forget it and she then she said I just
need you to promise me three things
Brian I said okay Mom she said the first
thing I want you to promise me is that
you'll always love your mom she said
that's my baby girl you have to promise
me now you'll always take care of her
well I adored my mom so I said yes Mama
I'll do that then she said the second
thing I want you to promise me is that
you'll always do the right thing even
when the right thing is the hard thing
and I thought about it and I said yes
Mama I'll do that then finally she said
the third thing I want you to promise me
is that you'll never drink alcohol
well I was 9 years old so I saides Mama
I'll do that I grew up in the country in
the rural South and I have a brother a
year older than me and a sister year
younger when I was about uh 14 or 15 one
day my brother came home and he had this
six-pack of beer I don't know where he
got it and he grabbed me and my sister
and we went out in the woods and we were
kind of just out there doing the stuff
we crazily did and he had a sip of this
beer and he gave some to my sister and
she had some and they offered it to me
and I said no no no no that's okay y'all
go ahead I'm not going to have any beer
my brother said come on we're doing this
today you always do what we do I had
some your sister had some have some beer
I said no I don't feel right about that
y'all go ahead y'all go ahead and then
my brother started staring at me he said
what is what's wrong with you have some
beer then he looked at me real hard he
said oh I hope you're not still hung up
on that conversation mama had with
you I I I said well what are you talking
about he says oh mama tells all the
grandkids that they're
special I I I was
devastated
and I'm going to admit something to you
I'm going to tell you something I
probably shouldn't I know this is might
be broadcast broadly but I'm I'm 52
years old and I'm going to admit to you
that I've never had a drop of
alcohol I I I don't I don't say that
because I think that's virtuous I say
that because there is power in identity
when we create the right kind of
identity we can say things to the world
around us that they don't actually
believe make sense we can get them to do
things that they don't think they can do
when I thought about my grandmother of
of course she would think all her
grandkids were special my grandfather
was in prison during prohibition my male
uncles died of alcohol rated diseases
and these were the things she thought we
needed to commit to well I've been
trying to say something about our
criminal justice system this country is
very different today than it was 40
years ago in 1972 there were 300,000
people in jails and prisons today there
are 2.3
million the United States now has the
highest rate of incarceration in the
world we have 7 million people on
probation and parole and mass
incarceration in my judgment has
fundamentally changed our
world in poor communities and
communities of color there is this
despair there is this hopelessness that
is being shaped by these outcomes one
out of three black men between the ages
of 18 and 30 is in jail in prison on
probation or Parole in urban communities
of across this country Los Angeles
Philadelphia Baltimore Washington 50 to
60% of all young men of color in jail or
prison or on probation and parole our
system isn't just being shaped in these
ways that seem to be distorting around
race they're also distorted by poverty
we have a system of justice in this
country that treats you much better if
you're rich and guilty than if you're
poor and innocent wealth not culpability
shapes
outcomes and yet we seem to be very very
comfortable the politics of fear and
anger has made us believe that these are
problems that are not our problems we've
been
disconnected it's interesting to me
we're looking at some very interesting
developments in our work my state of
Alabama like a a number of states
actually permanently disenfranchises you
if you have a criminal conviction right
now in Alabama
34% of the black male population has
permanently lost the right to vote we're
actually projecting in another 10 years
the level of disenfranchise ment will be
as high as it's been since prior to the
passage of the Voting Rights Act and
there is this stunning
silence I represent children a lot of my
clients are very young the United States
is the only country in the world where
we sentence 13-year-old children to die
in prison we have life imprisonment
without parole for kids in this country
and we're actually doing some litigation
only country in the world I represent
people on death row it's interesting
this question of the death penalty uh in
many ways we've been taught to think
that the real question is do people
deserve to die for the crimes they've
committed and that's a very sensible
question but there's another way of
thinking about where we are and our
identity the other way of thinking about
it is not do people deserve to die for
the crimes they commit but do we deserve
to kill I mean it's fascinating death
penalty in America is defined by error
for every nine people who have been
executed we've actually identified one
innocent person who's been exonerated
and released from death throw a kind of
astonishing a rate one out of nine
people innocent I mean it's fascinating
and and and in aviation we would never
let people fly on airplanes if for every
nine planes that took off one would
crash but somehow we can insulate
ourselves from this problem it's not our
problem it's not our burden it's not our
struggle well I talk a lot about these
issues I talk about u a race and this
question of whether we deserve to kill
and it's interesting when I teach my
students about African-American history
I tell them about slavery I tell them
about terrorism the era that began at
the end of reconstruction that went on
to World War II we don't really know
very much about it but for
African-Americans in this country that
was an ERA defined by Terror in many
communities people had to worry about
being lynched they had to worry about
being bombed it was the threat of Terror
that shaped their lives and these older
people come up to me now and they say Mr
Stevenson you give talks you make
speeches you tell people to stop saying
we're dealing with terrorism for the
first time in our nation's history after
9/11 they tell me to say know tell them
that we grew up with that and that era
of terrorism was of of course was
followed by segregation and Decades of
racial subordination and and apartheid
then and yet we have in this country
this Dynamic where we really don't like
to talk about our problems we don't like
to talk about our history and because of
that we really haven't understood what
it's meant to do the things we've done
historically
and we're constantly running into each
other we're constantly creating tensions
and conflicts we have a hard time
talking about race and I believe it's
because we are unwilling to commit
ourselves to a process of Truth and
Reconciliation in South Africa uh people
understood that we couldn't overcome our
partti without a commitment to Truth and
Reconciliation in Rwanda even after the
genocide there was this commitment but
in this country we haven't done that I
was giving this lecture in in Germany
some lectures in Germany about the death
penalty it was fascinating because one
of the
uh Scholars stood up after the
presentation and said well you know it's
deeply troubling to hear what you're
talking about I said we don't have the
death penalty in Germany and of course
we can never have the death penalty in
Germany and the room got very quiet and
this woman said uh there's no way with
our history we can ever engage in the
systematic killing of human beings it
would be unconscionable for us to in
intentional deliberate way set about
executing
people and I thought about that what
would it feel like to be living in a
world where the nation state of Germany
was executing people especially if they
were disproportionately Jewish I
couldn't bear it it would be
unconscionable and yet in this country
in the states of the Old South we
execute people we are 11 times more
likely to get the death penalty if the
victim is white than if the victim is
black 22 times more likely to get it if
the defendant is black and the victim is
white in the very states where there are
buried in the ground the bodies of
people who were lynched and yet there is
this
disconnect well I believe that our
identity is at
risk that when we actually don't care
about these difficult
things the positive and wonderful things
are nonetheless
implicated we love Innovation we love
technology we love creativity we love
entertainment but ultimately those
realities are shadowed by suffering
abuse
degradation
marginalization and for me it becomes
necessary to integrate the two because
ultimately we are talking about a need
to be more hopeful more committed more
dedicated to the basic challenges of
living in a complex world and for that
mean for me that for me that means
spending time thinking and talking about
the poor the disadvantaged those who
will never get to Ted but thinking about
them in a way that is integrated in our
own lives you know ultimately we all
have to believe things we haven't seen
we do as rational as we are as committed
to intellect as we are Innovation
creativity uh development comes not from
the ideas and our mind alone they come
from the ideas in our mind that are also
fueled by some conviction in our heart
and it's that mind heart connection that
I believe compels us to not just be tent
attentive to all the bright and dazzly
things but also the dark and difficult
things vak H the great Czech leader
talked about this he said uh when we
were in Eastern Europe and dealing with
oppression we wanted all kinds of things
but mostly what we needed was hope and
orientation of the spirit a willingness
to sometimes be in Hopeless places and
be a witness well that orientation of
the spirit is very much at the core of
what I believe even Ted communities have
to be engaged in there is no disconnect
around technology and design that will
allow us to be fully human until we pay
attention to suffering to Poverty to
exclusion to unfairness to Injustice now
I will warn you that this kind of
identity is a much more challenging
identity than ones that don't pay
attention to this it will get to you I
had the great privilege when I was a
young lawyer of meeting Rosa Parks and
Miss Parks used to come back to mongery
every now and then and she would get
together with two of her dearest friends
these older women Johnny Carr who was
the uh organizer of the Montgomery Bus
Boycott amazing African-American woman
and Virginia dur a white woman whose
husband Clipper dur represented Dr King
and these women would get together and
just talk and every now and then miss
Carr would call me and she'd say Brian
Miss Parks is Coming to Town we're going
get together and talk do you want to
come over and
listen and I'd say yes ma'am I do and
she said well what are you going to do
when you get here I said I'm going to
listen and I'd go over there and I would
I would just listen it would be so
energizing and so empowering and one
time I was over there listening to these
women talk and after a couple of hours
Miss Parks turned to me and she said now
Brian tell me what the Equal justice
initiative is tell me what you're trying
to do I began giving her my wrap I said
well we're trying to challenge Injustice
we're trying to help people who've been
wrongly convicted we're trying to
confront
bias and discrimination in the
administration of Criminal Justice we're
trying to end life without parole
sentences for children we're trying to
do something about the death penalty
we're trying to reduce the prison
population we're trying to end mass
incarceration I gave her my whole WAP
and when I finished she looked at me and
she
[Music]
said she said that's going to make you
tired tired
tired and that's when Miss car Lean
Forward she put her finger in my face
and says that's why you've got to be
brave brave
brave and I actually believe that the
Ted Community needs to be more
courageous we need to find ways to to
embrace these challenges these problems
the suffering because ultimately our
Humanity depends on everyone's Humanity
I've learned very simple things doing
the work that I do it's just taught me
very simple things I've come to
understand and to believe that each of
us is more than the worst thing we've
ever done I believe that for every
person on the planet I think if somebody
tells a lie they're not just a liar I
think if somebody takes something that
doesn't belong to them they're not just
a thief I think even if you kill someone
you're not just a killer and because of
that there's this basic human dignity
that must be respected by law I also
believe that in many parts of this
country and certainly in many parts of
this globe that the opposite of poverty
is not wealth I don't believe that I
actually think in too many places the
opposite of poverty is Justice and
finally I
believe that despite the fact that it is
so dramatic and so beautiful and so
inspiring and so stimulating we will
ultimately not be judged by our
technology we won't be judged by our
design we won't be judged by our
intellect and reason ultimately you
judge the character of a society not by
how they treat the rich and the powerful
and the privileged but by how they treat
the poor The Condemned the incarcerated
because it's in that Nexus that we
actually begin to understand truly
profound things about who we
are I sometimes get out of balance I'll
end with this story I sometimes push too
hard I do get tired as we all do
sometimes those ideas get ahead of our
kind of thinking in ways that are
important and I've been representing
these kids who have been sentenced to to
do these very harsh sentences and I go
to the jail and I see my client who's 13
and 14 and he's been certified to stand
TR as an adult and I keep start thinking
well how did that happen how can a judge
turn you into something that you're not
and the judge has certified him as an
adult but I see this kid and I and I was
up too late one night and I started
thinking well gosh if the judge can turn
you into something that you're not the
judge must have magic power I said yeah
Brian the judge has some magic power you
should ask for some of that and because
I was up too late and wasn't thinking
real straight I'd started working on a
motion and I had a client who was 14
years old a young poor black kid and
started working on the this motion with
and the head of the motion was a motion
to try my poor 14-year-old black male
client like a privileged white
75-year-old corporate
executive and I put in my motion that
there was prosecutorial misconduct and
police misconduct and judicial
misconduct there was a crazy line in
there about how there's no conduct in
this County it's all misconduct and at
the next morning I woke up and I thought
did I dream that crazy motion or did I
actually write it into my horror not
only had I written it but I had sent it
to
court couple months uh went by and I
just had forgotten all about it and I
finally uh decided oh gosh I got to go
to the court and do this crazy case and
I got in my car and I was feeling really
overwhelmed
overwhelmed and I got in my car and I
went to this Courthouse I was s oh this
is going to be so difficult so so
painful and I finally got out of the car
and I started walking up to the
courthouse and as I was walking up the
steps of this Courthouse there was an
older black man who was the janitor in
this Courthouse when this man saw me he
came over to me and he said who are you
I said I'm a lawyer he saidou a lawyer I
said yes sir and this man came over to
me and he hugged me and he whispered in
my ear he said I'm so proud of you and I
have to tell you it was
energizing it connected deeply with
something in me about identity about the
capacity of every person to contribute
to community to perspective that is
hopeful well I went into the courtroom
and as soon as I walked inside the judge
saw me coming in he said 'mr Stevenson
did you write this crazy motion I saides
sir I did and we started arguing people
started coming in because they were just
outraged i' had written these crazy
things and police officers were coming
in and assistant prosecutors and clerk
workers before I knew it the courtroom
was filled with people angry that we
were talking about race that we were
talking about poverty that we were
talking about inequality and out of the
corner of my eye I could see this
janitor pacing back and forth and he
kept looking through the window and he
could hear all of this holler and he
kept pacing back and forth and finally
this older black man with this very
worried look on his face came into the
courtroom and sat down behind me almost
at Council table about 10 minutes later
the judge said we would take a break and
during the break there was a deputy
sheriff who was offended that the
janitor had come into court and this
Deputy jumped up and he ran over to this
older Blackman he said Jimmy what are
you doing in this courtroom this older
black man stood up and he looked at that
deputy and he looked at me and he said I
came into this courtroom to tell this
young man keep your eyes on the prize
hold on I've come to Ted because I
believe that many of you understand that
the moral Arc of the universe is long
but it bends toward Justice that we
cannot be full evolved human beings
until we care about human rights and
basic dignity that all of our survival
is tied to the survival of everyone that
our visions of technology and design and
entertainment and creativity have to be
married with a visions of humanity
compassion and justce Justice and more
than anything for those of you who share
that I've simply come to tell you to
keep your eyes on the prize hold on
thank you very
much Brian um so you heard and saw an
obvious Desire by this audience this
community to help you on your way and to
do something on this issue other than
writing a check what what could we do
well there are opportunities all around
us if you live in the state of
California for example there is a
referendum coming up this uh spring
where actually there's going to be an
effort to redirect some of the money we
spend on the politics of punishment for
example here in California we spend
we're going to spend $1 billion on the
death penalty in the next 5 years $1
billion uh and yet 46% of all homicide
cases don't result in arrests uh 56% of
all rape cases don't result so there's
an opportunity to change that and this
referendum would propose having those
dollars go to uh law enforcement and and
and safety and I think that opportunity
exists all around us now there's been
this huge decline in crime in in America
over the last three decades and part of
The Narrative of that is sometimes that
it's about increased incarceration
rates what would you say to someone who
believed that well actually the violent
crime rate has has remained relatively
stable you know the the great increase
in mass incarceration in this country
wasn't really in violent crime
categories it was this misguided War on
Drugs that's where the dramatic
increases have come in our prison
population a and we got carried away
with the rhetoric of punishment and so
we have three strikes laws that put
people in prison forever for stealing a
bicycle for low-level property crimes
rather than making them give those
resources back back to the people who
they victimized I believe we need to do
more to help people who are victimized
by crime not do less and I think our
current punishment philosophy does
nothing for no one and I think that's
the orientation that we have to
change Brian you've you've struck a
massive cord here you're an inspiring
person thank you so much for coming to T
thank
you
[Music]
than
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