Kimia Industri - Proses Pengolahan Air (Bag.3 - Diagram Alir proses)

Summary

This video explains the process of water treatment, presented by Pak Yoga. It begins with pumping river water, followed by screening large debris using a bar screen. The water then undergoes coagulation and flocculation, using alum to remove colloidal impurities. Sedimentation follows, where heavy particles settle. The process continues with carbonation to lower pH levels using carbon dioxide. Filtration removes remaining impurities, and finally, chlorination is done to eliminate pathogens before the water is stored for distribution. Pak Yoga ends with a motivational quote about the value of knowledge.

Takeaways

• 💧 River water is pumped using a centrifugal pump for the initial stage of the treatment process.
• 🛑 The screening stage filters out macro impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles, and other large debris using a bar screen.
• 🧪 Coagulation and flocculation involve adding alum as a coagulant and lime (calcium hydroxide) to raise the pH of the water.
• ⚖️ Soda is added to neutralize excess lime during the coagulation and flocculation process.
• 🔗 Coagulation helps in the sedimentation of colloidal impurities by bonding them into larger particles.
• ⚙️ Flocculation combines smaller coagulated particles into larger flocs that can settle out of the water.
• 🌫️ In the sedimentation stage, gravity helps the larger flocs settle at the bottom of the sedimentation tank.
• 🌬️ In carbonation, CO2 is introduced to lower the water's pH by forming carbonic acid, obtained from methane combustion.
• 🏞️ Filtration passes water through sand filters to remove any remaining impurities, ensuring the water is clean.
• 🧼 Chlorination uses chlorine (or sodium chloride) to disinfect the water by killing pathogenic bacteria before it’s stored for distribution.

Q & A

What is the first step in the water treatment process described in the video?

The first step is pumping river water using a centrifugal pump to the screening stage.

What happens during the screening stage of the water treatment process?

During the screening stage, large debris like wood, leaves, and plastic bottles are filtered out using a bar screen.

What chemicals are added during the coagulation and flocculation stages, and what are their purposes?

Tawas (alum) is added as a coagulant to help clump small particles, while lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to raise the pH, and soda is added to neutralize the excess lime.

What is the purpose of the coagulation process in water treatment?

The coagulation process is used to gather fine suspended particles into larger particles, making them easier to settle or remove.

What occurs during the flocculation process?

In flocculation, the small particles formed during coagulation combine to create larger flocs, which can then be settled out of the water.

What is the role of the sedimentation tank in the water treatment process?

The sedimentation tank allows the larger flocs formed during flocculation to settle out of the water due to gravity.

How is pH adjusted during the carbonation process, and what is the source of carbon dioxide used?

The pH is lowered using carbon dioxide, which is obtained from methane gas combustion. The CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, reducing the pH.

What is the purpose of the filtration stage in the water treatment process?

The filtration stage removes any remaining impurities from the water by passing it through sand, ensuring the water is free of residual particles.

What is the function of chlorination in the water treatment process?

Chlorination involves adding sodium chloride or chlorine to disinfect the water, killing pathogenic bacteria and ensuring the water is safe for use.

What happens to the water after the chlorination process?

After chlorination, the treated water is stored in a holding tank before being distributed to consumers for daily use.