PERUMUSAN DAN PENGESAHAN UUD NKRI TAHUN 1945 | RANGKUMAN MATERI PKN | KELAS 7 | SEMESTER 1

Summary

This video covers the process of drafting and ratifying Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, exploring the roles of BPUPKI and PPKI, key changes, and the significance of the Constitution as the nation's supreme law. It highlights the debates between nationalistic and religious perspectives and emphasizes the collaborative spirit of Indonesia’s founders. The video also discusses the fundamental principles of constitutionalism and the importance of the 1945 Constitution in shaping the nation's legal system. Viewers are encouraged to like, comment, and subscribe for more educational content.

Takeaways

• 📚 The video covers an educational topic related to Indonesian constitutional history and the formation of laws.
• 📖 The term 'constitution' is explained in various languages, including English, Dutch, German, and Latin, all translating to the concept of fundamental laws or a basic legal framework.
• 📜 There are two types of constitutions: written and unwritten. Written constitutions outline fundamental rules, while unwritten ones are conventions based on customs.
• ⚖️ The Indonesian Constitution (UUD 1945) serves as the fundamental law that limits government power and is the highest legal authority in Indonesia.
• 🇮🇩 The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia was finalized by BPUPKI and ratified by PPKI on August 18, 1945, just one day after Indonesia’s independence proclamation.
• 🛠 The drafting of the 1945 Constitution involved key figures like Soekarno, Supomo, and a panel of 19 members, discussing and creating foundational articles for the new nation.
• 📑 Significant revisions were made to the initial drafts, including changes to religious references in the constitution’s preamble and articles to reflect broader inclusivity.
• 🏛 The Constitution emphasizes limiting government authority to prevent abuse of power and uphold democracy, following the principles of 'constitutionalism.'
• 🤝 Despite differing opinions between nationalist and religious groups, Indonesian leaders united during the BPUPKI and PPKI sessions to prioritize national interests through consensus and mutual respect.
• 🔔 The video encourages viewers to support the channel by liking, commenting, subscribing, and turning on notifications for updates on educational content.

Q & A

What is the meaning of the term 'constitution' in different languages as mentioned in the script?

In English, the term is 'constitution'; in Dutch, it is 'konstitutif'; in German, it is 'constitution'; and in Latin, it is 'constitutio,' which means the fundamental law or basic law.

What are the two types of constitutions described in the script?

The two types of constitutions are written constitutions, which contain the fundamental rules of a state, and unwritten constitutions, also known as conventions, which are customary practices in governance.

What is the main function of a constitution according to the script?

The main function of a constitution is to limit the powers of the government, ensuring that governance does not become arbitrary, a principle known as constitutionalism.

What is the significance of Article 1, Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia?

Article 1, Paragraph 2 states that sovereignty rests with the people and is exercised according to the constitution, reinforcing the principle of people's sovereignty in Indonesia's governance.

What is the role of the constitution in the hierarchy of laws, as described in the script?

The constitution is the highest and most fundamental law in a country. All other laws and regulations must adhere to the constitution and cannot contradict it.

When was the Constitution of Indonesia first ratified, and by whom?

The Constitution of Indonesia was first ratified by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) on August 18, 1945, one day after Indonesia's declaration of independence.

What were the major changes made to the Constitution in the PPKI session on August 18, 1945?

The key changes included replacing the term 'Mukadimah' with 'Pembukaan' (Preamble), altering the first principle of Pancasila to 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (Belief in One Supreme God), and modifying the requirements for the presidency to include only 'native Indonesians' without a religious requirement.

What is the significance of the Constitution for Indonesia, as explained in the script?

The Constitution is crucial because it provides the basic framework for governance in Indonesia and serves as the highest source of legal legitimacy, guiding the formulation of all other laws in the country.

How did Indonesia's founders approach differences during the drafting of the Constitution, according to the script?

The founders of Indonesia addressed their differences through a spirit of unity, prioritizing the nation's interests over personal or group agendas. They practiced mutual deliberation (musyawarah) and consensus (mufakat) to ensure agreement on the final draft of the Constitution.

What were some characteristics of the Indonesian leaders during the PPKI and BPUPKI sessions?

The leaders demonstrated intelligence, precision, responsibility, a sense of family, tolerance, and a commitment to consensus in their decision-making. They exhibited patriotism and pride in the nation's newfound independence.

Outlines

00:00

📜 The Concept and Types of Constitution

This paragraph explains the concept of a constitution, referring to its meaning in different languages such as English, Dutch, German, and Latin. It differentiates between written and unwritten constitutions. The written constitution includes the fundamental rules that govern the state's structure, while unwritten constitutions are customs or conventions that emerge over time. The paragraph also introduces the idea of constitutionalism, which limits the government's power to prevent arbitrary rule. Indonesia adheres to this principle, as outlined in Article 1, Section 2 of the 1945 Constitution, where sovereignty lies with the people and is carried out according to the Constitution.

05:01

🇮🇩 The Ratification of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia

This paragraph focuses on the ratification of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, which took place one day after the country's independence proclamation. The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) ratified the Constitution and made key decisions such as appointing Soekarno as president and Mohammad Hatta as vice president. The paragraph also mentions significant changes made during the PPKI's deliberations, such as replacing the word 'Mukadimah' with 'Pembukaan' (preamble) and modifying religious clauses to make them more inclusive for all Indonesians.

10:03

🎥 The Importance of the 1945 Constitution and National Unity

This paragraph discusses the importance of the 1945 Constitution as the highest legal framework of Indonesia. It explains how the Constitution serves as the foundation for all laws and regulations, emphasizing that no laws should contradict it. The paragraph also highlights the role of the founding figures in bridging ideological differences—between nationalism and religion—during the constitutional drafting process. Their focus on the national interest over personal or group interests fostered unity and demonstrated patriotism. The closing section shifts to the video’s call-to-action, encouraging viewers to like, comment, and subscribe to support the educational content provided.

Keywords

💡Constitution

A constitution is a system of fundamental principles or established precedents that govern a state or organization. In the context of the video, it refers to the legal framework for the government of Indonesia, specifically the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The constitution divides into written and unwritten forms, with the written version being the primary reference for state laws.

💡Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (UUD 1945)

The Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 is the foundational constitution of Indonesia, created after the country's independence in 1945. The video discusses its formulation, ratification, and the pivotal role it plays in setting the legal and governmental framework of the nation. It is referred to as the highest legal authority, guiding all other laws in Indonesia.

💡BPUPKI

BPUPKI (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) was a committee established by the Japanese during their occupation of Indonesia to prepare the country for independence. In the video, BPUPKI plays a crucial role in the drafting and preparation of the 1945 Constitution before Indonesia’s independence was declared.

💡PPKI

PPKI (Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) was the committee formed to replace BPUPKI and oversee the final steps of Indonesia’s independence. The video explains that PPKI ratified the 1945 Constitution and appointed Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta as President and Vice President, respectively.

💡Constitutionalism

Constitutionalism is a political philosophy where government authority is derived from and limited by a body of fundamental law. The video emphasizes that Indonesia adheres to constitutionalism, ensuring that government power is not exercised arbitrarily but according to the constitution, as outlined in Article 1 of the UUD 1945.

💡Nationalism

Nationalism is the advocacy for national independence and unity, often emphasizing cultural pride. In the context of the video, it is one of the main ideologies held by the drafters of the Indonesian Constitution, reflecting the desire to create a sovereign, independent Indonesian state after years of colonialism.

💡Religious State vs Secular State

The debate between a religious state and a secular state is discussed in the video, particularly in relation to the differing views within BPUPKI. Some members wanted Indonesia to be based on Islamic principles, while others advocated for a secular state. The compromise led to the phrasing in the constitution that reflects a balance, with the first principle being 'Belief in One Almighty God.'

💡Jakarta Charter

The Jakarta Charter was a document drafted by BPUPKI that included Islamic principles, such as the requirement for Muslims to follow Islamic law. The video explains how this was later amended in the final version of the 1945 Constitution to reflect a more inclusive national ideology, changing 'syariat Islam' to 'Belief in One Almighty God' to accommodate the country's diversity.

💡Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the concept that power and authority lie within the people, as stated in the 1945 Constitution. In the video, it is discussed how sovereignty is a central principle in Indonesia’s constitutional framework, as outlined in Article 1, which declares that sovereignty belongs to the people and is exercised according to the constitution.

💡Rule of Law

The rule of law is the principle that all members of society, including the government, are accountable to the same laws. The video highlights this as a key feature of the 1945 Constitution, ensuring that government powers are limited and bound by law, thus preventing authoritarian rule and ensuring justice for all citizens.

Highlights

The constitution of Indonesia is the highest form of law that governs the life of the nation and is fundamental to the state.

The constitution can be divided into two types: written and unwritten. The written constitution outlines the basic rules, while the unwritten, called conventions, emerges from constitutional practices.

Constitutionalism limits government power to prevent arbitrary rule, as stated in the 1945 Indonesian Constitution's Article 1, Section 2.

The Indonesian Constitution was ratified by PPKI (Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee) on August 18, 1945, the day after independence was declared.

BPUPKI played a significant role in drafting the Constitution, and a committee of 19 members was formed to prepare it.

Key figures such as Soekarno, Supomo, and other national leaders contributed to the drafting of the Constitution.

The Constitution draft originally had 42 articles, with provisions on transitional laws and additional rules for wartime conditions.

Changes in the wording of the Constitution included replacing 'Mukadimah' with 'Preamble' and altering the phrasing of religious aspects in the first principle of Pancasila.

The importance of the 1945 Constitution lies in its role as the foundation of all laws and regulations in Indonesia, ensuring no law conflicts with it.

The Constitution not only organizes the functions of government but also protects citizens from abuses of power.

The founders of Indonesia aimed to create a nationalistic state, balancing religious aspirations with national unity.

Indonesia's founding fathers demonstrated a strong commitment to national unity, often setting aside personal and group interests for the good of the country.

Debates during BPUPKI sessions reflected differences between nationalists and religious groups, but decisions were reached through consensus.

The Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee (PPKI) ratified changes to the Constitution, including modifications related to the role of religion in governance.

The Constitution of Indonesia remains a symbol of national unity and patriotism, reflecting the values and aspirations of the country's founders.

Transcripts

Ya udah dibell belajar dari melewati

YouTube belajar menyenangkan mengenai

rangkuman materi pembahasan materi

kumpulan soal informasi pendidikan bab 3

perumusan dan pengesahan undang-undang

Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun

1945

21 perumusan undang-undang dasar negara

Republik Indonesia tahun 1945

Hai Istilah konstitusi dalam banyak

bahasa berbeda-beda dalam bahasa Inggris

constitution

di dalam bahasa Belanda yaitu

konstitutif

di dalam bahasa Jerman itu constitution

Hai dan dalam bahasa Latin constitutio

yang berarti undang-undang Dasar atau

hukum dasar

Hai konstitusi terbagi menjadi dua yaitu

konstitusi tertulis dan konstitusi tidak

tertulis

Hai konstitusi tertulis merupakan

aturan-aturan pokok dasar negara

bangunan negara dan tata negara yang

mengatur perikehidupan satu bangsa di

dalam persekutuan hukum negara sedangkan

konstitusi tidak tertulis disebut juga

Konvensi yaitu kebiasaan ketatanegaraan

yang sering timbul dalam sebuah negara

ini

Hai undang-undang Dasar adalah naskah

yang memaparkan rangka dan tugas-tugas

pokok dari badan-badan pemerintahan

suatu negara dan menentukan pokok-pokok

cara kerja badan-badan tersebut

undang-undang dasar mempunyai fungsi

yang khas yaitu membatasi Kekuasaan

pemerintah agar penyelenggaraan

kekuasaan tidak bersifat sewenang-wenang

gagasan ini disebut dengan

konstitusionalisme negara Indonesia

menganut paham konstitusionalisme

sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam pasal 1

ayat 2 undang-undang Dasar Republik

Indonesia tahun 1945 yang berbunyi

Kedaulatan berada ditangan rakyat dan

dilaksanakan menurut undang-undang dasar

konstitusi adalah hukum dasar yang

dijadikan pegangan dalam penyelenggaraan

Aan pemerintahan negara konstitusi tidak

ditetapkan oleh lembaga legislatif biasa

tetapi oleh Badan Khusus dan lebih

tinggi kedudukannya Konstitusi merupakan

hukum yang paling tinggi dan fundamental

sifatnya sehingga peraturan-peraturan

dibawahnya tidak boleh bertentangan

dengan undang-undang dasar undang-undang

dasar negara Republik Indonesia 1945

ditetapkan oleh PPKI pada hari sabtu

18-08-1945 satu hari setelah proklamasi

naskah undang-undang Dasar 1945 pertama

kali dipersiapkan oleh BPUPKI hal itu

dilakukan pada masa sidang kedua tangga

10 Juli sampai dengan 17juli 1945 dalam

masa persidangan kedua tersebut dibentuk

panitia hukum dasar dengan anggota 19

orang yang diketuai oleh Insinyur

Soekarno kemudian panitia ini membentuk

panitia kecil lagi yang diketuai oleh

Supomo dengan anggota terdiri atas

wongsonegoro Sukarjo a.a. Maramis Panji

Singgih Haji Agus Salim dan Sukiman pada

tanggal 14 Juli 1945 BPUPKI mengadakan

sidang dengan agenda pembicaraan tentang

pernyataan kemerdekaan panitia perancang

undang-undang dasar melaporkan hasilnya

pasal-pasal dari rancangan undang-undang

dasar berjumlah 42 pasal

Hai dari 42 pasal Ada Lima pasal masuk

tentang aturan peralihan dengan keadaan

perang serta satu pasal mengenai aturan

tambahan ini

G2 pengesahan undang-undang Dasar Negara

Republik Indonesia tahun 1945

Hai sehari setelah proklamasi

kemerdekaan Indonesia Panitia Persiapan

Kemerdekaan Indonesia atau PPKI yang

menggantikan BPUPKI melaksanakan sidang

yakni pada tanggal 18-08-1945 dalam

persidangan PPKI tanggal 18 Agustus 1945

dihasilkan keputusan sebagai berikut

mengesahkan undang-undang Dasar 1945

menetapkan Insinyur Soekarno sebagai

presiden dan Mohammad Hatta sebagai

wakil presiden Republik Indonesia lalu

membentuk Komite Nasional Indonesia

Pusat sidang PPKI telah melakukan

beberapa perubahan rumusan pembukaan

undang-undang dasar maskah Piagam

Jakarta dan rancangan batang tubuh

undang-undang

undang dasar hasil sidang kedua BPUPKI

oleh

negara 4 perubahan yang disepakati

tersebut antara lain sebagai berikut

Kata mukadimah diganti dengan kata

pembukaan sila pertama yaitu Ketuhanan

dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat

syariat Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya

diganti dengan rumusan ketuhanan yang

maha esa perubahan Pasal 6 undang-undang

dasar yang berbunyi presiden ialah orang

Indonesia asli yang beragama Islam

diganti menjadi presiden ialah orang

Indonesia asli lalu yang terakhir pasal

28 undang-undang Dasar 1945 yang

berbunyi negara berdasar atas Ketuhanan

dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat

bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya menjadi negara

berdasar atas Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa

wood Fire

Hai arti penting undang-undang Dasar

Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945

bagi bangsa dan negara Indonesia

undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik

Indonesia tahun 1945 berisi aturan dasar

kehidupan bernegara di Indonesia

kedudukannya sebagai hukum yang paling

tinggi dan fundamental sifatnya karena

merupakan sumber legitimasi atau

landasan bentuk-bentuk peraturan

perundang-undangan yang berlaku

universal maka Semua peraturan

perundang-undangan yang berlaku di

Indonesia tidak boleh bertentangan dan

harus berpedoman pada undang-undang

dasar negara Republik Indonesia tahun

1945

Subhanallah peran tokoh perumus

undang-undang dasar 1945 ada dua paham

utama yang dimiliki pendiri negara dalam

sidang BPUPKI yaitu nasionalisme dan

agama pendiri negara yang didasarkan

pemikiran nasionalisme menginginkan

negara Indonesia yang akan dibentuk

merupakan negara nasionalis atau negara

kebangsaan sedangkan golongan agama

menginginkan didasarkan pada salah satu

agama berbagai perbedaan diantara

anggota BPUPKI dapat diatasi dengan

sikap dan perilaku pendiri negara yang

mengutamakan kepentingan bangsa dan

negara diatas kepentingan pribadi dan

golongan BPUPKI melaksanakan sidang

dengan semangat kebersamaan dan

mengutamakan

musyawarah dan mufakat keberhasilan

bangsa Indonesia memproklamasikan

kemerdekaannya merupakan salah satu

bukti cinta para pahlawan terhadap

bangsa dan negara dalam persidangan PPKI

para tokoh pendiri negara memperlihatkan

kecerdasan kecermatan ketelitian

tanggungjawab rasa kekeluargaan

toleransi dan penuh dengan pemufakatan

dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan sikap

patriotisme dan rasa kebangsaan antara

lain dapat diketahui dalam pandangan dan

pemikiran mereka yang tidak mau

berkompromi dengan penjajah dan bangga

sebagai bangsa yang baru merdeka Oke

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