Molière I Quelle Histoire - TV5 Monde
Summary
TLDRThe script narrates the life of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known as Molière, a playwright, actor, and director during the reign of Louis XIV. Born into a bourgeois family, he was destined to follow his father's footsteps as a royal upholsterer but chose the stage instead. After founding his own theater troupe and touring France, Molière gained royal patronage and became renowned for his satirical comedies that critiqued societal norms. Despite facing censorship and controversy, he continued to challenge the status quo with plays like 'Tartuffe.' Molière's legacy endures, with his final performance ending in his untimely death after a heart attack on stage.
Takeaways
- 🎭 Molière, born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was a playwright, actor, and director during the reign of King Louis XIV, known as the Grand Siècle.
- 🏠 He was born into a bourgeois family in 1622, with his father being a tapestry maker for the king.
- 🎓 Molière received a solid education at the Collège de Clermont, studying mathematics, philosophy, and Greek tragedies.
- 🤹♂️ In his youth, he was drawn to the performing arts, particularly the fairs where acrobats and performers entertained.
- 🎭 He founded the Illustre Théâtre troupe and adopted the stage name 'Molière,' though the meaning behind it remains unknown.
- 💸 Financial struggles were common for Molière and his troupe, even leading to a brief imprisonment.
- 🛤️ After facing difficulties in Paris, Molière and his troupe toured the provinces, performing both classical works and his own comedic plays.
- 🤝 Molière found a patron in Prince de Conti, who provided financial support and protection for his troupe.
- 👑 Returning to Paris, Molière gained the protection of Philippe d'Orléans and performed before King Louis XIV, leading to royal patronage.
- 😄 Molière's comedies, such as 'Les Précieuses Ridicules' and 'L'École des Femmes,' used humor to satirize societal norms and were controversial at the time.
- 🎭 Despite his royal support, Molière faced censorship and criticism for his provocative works, including 'Tartuffe' and 'Don Juan'.
- 💔 Molière's final performance was in his own play 'Le Malade Imaginaire,' where he played the lead role and collapsed on stage, dying shortly after.
Q & A
Who is Molière, and what was his real name?
-Molière was a French playwright, actor, and director whose real name was Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. He was born in 1622 and is known for his significant contributions to the theater during the reign of King Louis XIV.
What was Molière's father's profession?
-Molière's father was a tapestry maker for the king.
Where did Jean-Baptiste Poquelin receive his education?
-Jean-Baptiste Poquelin received his education at the Collège de Clermont, which is now known as Louis-le-Grand in Paris.
What was the name of the theater troupe that Molière founded?
-Molière founded the theater troupe called 'L'Illustre Théâtre'.
Why did Molière choose the stage name 'Molière'?
-The meaning behind the stage name 'Molière' is unknown, as no one has ever known what it meant.
What challenges did Molière face in his early career?
-Molière faced serious financial problems, even spending some days in prison. His father eventually helped him to be released.
Where did Molière perform during his provincial tour?
-During his provincial tour, Molière performed in cities such as Grenoble, Lyon, Nantes, and Bordeaux.
What type of plays did Molière write during his provincial tour?
-Molière wrote both classical plays and his own farces, such as 'Le Médecin Volant' or 'La Jalousie du Barbouillé'.
Who was the first important protector of Molière's troupe?
-The first important protector of Molière's troupe was the Prince de Conti, who became impressed after watching one of their performances.
What play did Molière perform when he returned to Paris and was invited to perform for the king?
-When Molière returned to Paris, he initially performed a tragedy by Corneille, but when the audience became bored, he switched to performing his own farce, 'Le Docteur Amoureux'.
What was the significance of Molière's play 'Les Précieuses Ridicules'?
-'Les Précieuses Ridicules' was a satirical comedy where Molière used laughter as a weapon to denounce the vices of his time.
What controversy did Molière's play 'Tartuffe' cause?
-Molière's play 'Tartuffe' was initially judged as shocking and was banned. It was later revised and authorized in 1669 after King Louis XIV defended it.
How did Molière's life end?
-Molière died on February 17, 1673, after performing his role in 'Le Malade Imaginaire'. He collapsed on stage during the performance and did not recover, passing away a few hours later.
Outlines
🎭 The Life and Career of Molière
This paragraph details the life of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known as Molière, a prominent playwright, actor, and director during the reign of King Louis XIV. Born in 1622 into a bourgeois family, Molière was initially destined to follow his father's footsteps as a royal tapestry maker. However, his passion for theatre led him to pursue an education at the Collège de Clermont, now known as Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Despite the risks of excommunication for actors at the time, Molière chose to found his own theatre troupe, 'L'Illustre Théâtre,' and adopted the stage name 'Molière.' The troupe faced financial struggles, leading to Molière's brief imprisonment, but his father's intervention secured his release. Molière and his troupe toured the provinces for over a decade, performing both classical works and his own comedic plays, which were greatly appreciated by the public. Eventually, Molière found a patron in the Prince de Conti, which led to a successful return to Paris and the support of Philippe d'Orléans, the king's brother. Molière's plays, such as 'Les Précieuses Ridicules' and 'L'École des Femmes,' used humor to critique societal norms and were considered satirical works.
👑 Molière's Royal Patronage and Controversies
The second paragraph focuses on Molière's rise to prominence with the support of King Louis XIV, who became his patron after enjoying Molière's comedic play 'Le Docteur Amoureux.' The king's favor led to Molière's troupe becoming the official theatre troupe of the king, and even Louis XIV himself participated in some of the ballets. Despite his royal support, Molière was not afraid to provoke controversy through his works, such as 'Tartuffe,' which was initially deemed shocking and banned. However, with the king's defense, a revised version was later authorized. Molière's personal life is also highlighted, including his marriage to Armande Bejart, an actress in his troupe, and the birth of their son, Louis, who was honored by being made the godfather by the king. Tragically, Molière's health declined, and on February 17, 1673, he performed in 'Le Malade Imaginaire,' unaware it would be his last performance. His collapse on stage was mistaken for part of the act, and he passed away shortly after, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence theatre to this day.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Molière
💡Louis XIV
💡Tapisserie
💡Collège de Clermont
💡Comédie-Française
💡Farce
💡Satire
💡Tartuffe
💡Intermittent du spectacle
💡Le Malade Imaginaire
Highlights
Molière, born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was a playwright, actor, and director during the reign of King Louis XIV.
He was born into a bourgeois family in 1622, with his father being a tapestry maker for the king.
Molière was educated at the Collège de Clermont, studying mathematics, philosophy, and Greek tragedies.
He was initially destined to follow his father's footsteps as a tapestry maker but was drawn to the theatre.
In 1643, Molière met the Béjart family, a lineage of actors, and aspired to join their ranks.
Actors at the time were excommunicated by the Church, a daunting prospect for the Catholic Molière.
He founded the Illustre Théâtre troupe and adopted the stage name 'Molière', the meaning of which remains unknown.
Molière faced financial struggles and even spent time in prison due to theatre costs in Paris.
He toured the provinces with his troupe for over a decade, performing both classic authors and his own farces.
The troupe needed the protection of a wealthy patron to survive, eventually gaining the support of Prince de Conti.
Molière returned to Paris in 1658, performing for Philippe d'Orléans and King Louis XIV, who took him under royal protection.
He wrote 'Les Précieuses Ridicules' in 1659, using humor as a weapon to satirize the follies of his time.
In 1662, 'L'École des Femmes' denounced the subjugation of women in society, causing controversy.
Molière married Armande Béjart, who was 20 years younger and also an actress in his plays.
Their son, Louis, was born in 1664, and King Louis XIV agreed to be his godfather, a great honor.
Molière's troupe became the official troupe of the king, with Louis XIV even participating in some comedies and ballets.
Despite royal favor, Molière continued to provoke with works like 'Tartuffe', which was initially banned for its critique of religious excess.
Molière's health declined, and he died on February 17, 1673, after performing in his final play, 'Le Malade Imaginaire'.
Transcripts
[Musique]
[Musique]
on dit que le français est la langue de
molière et au fait qu'ils aient molière
jean baptiste poquelin de son vrai nom
vie pendant le grand siècle celui du roi
soleil louis xiv
écrivain acteur metteur en scène il
multiplie les casquettes
enfin à l'époque c'était plutôt les
perruques il est né en 1622 dans une
famille bourgeoise
son père est tapissier pour le roi
enfants jean baptiste elle se promenait
dans les rues de paris
ce qu'il préfère ce sont les foires où
l'on peut voir des saltimbanques faire
des acrobaties le destin de jean
baptiste semble tout tracé il prendra la
suite de son père et deviendra tapissier
du roi pour être digne de cette place il
lui faut une formation solide et une
bonne culture générale
il entre donc au collège de clairement
aujourd'hui louis le grand à paris dans
des classes immense
plus de 200 élèves travaillent en
silence comme ils sont sages il étudie
les mathématiques la philosophie et les
tragédies grecques le soir avec ses
camarades jean baptiste s'amuse à
réciter les dialogues enflammé des
pièces de sophocle ou d'euripide
en 1643 il rencontre la famille béjart
où l'on est comédien de génération en
génération
jean baptiste rêve de les rejoindre ils
hésitent
n'est-il pas déjà promis à une
confortable carrière et puis c'est un
choix lourd de conséquences à l'époque
les comédiens sont excommuniés
ce qui veut dire renier de l'église
pour jean baptiste qui est catholique
c'est une idée effrayante
finalement la tentation est trop forte
il fonde un pli des jarres la troupe de
l'illustré théâtre et prend un nom de
scène
molière personne n'a jamais su ce que
cela voulait dire
faire des spectacles coûte cher surtout
à paris les molières à de sérieux
problèmes d'argent
il passe même quelques jours en prison
heureusement son père le fait libérer
puisque la capitale ne veut pas de lui
molière part en province avec sa troupe
grenoble lyon nantes bordeaux
cette grande tournée dans toute la
france durera une douzaine d'années on
joue des auteurs classiques mais aussi
les premières farce écrit par molière
comme le médecin volant ou la jalousie
du barbouillé le public raffole de ces
courtes pièces rigolote au xviie siècle
le statut d'intermittent du spectacle
n'existe pas encore pour survivre les
comédiens doivent trouver un protecteur
une personnalité riche de préférence
noble qui va leur donner de l'argent
durant toutes ces années sur les routes
de france
la troupe de molière passe de protecteur
en protecteur jusqu'à ce que le prince
de conti assiste à une représentation
ce n'est pas n'importe qui
admiratif il prend molière et ses amis
sous sa protection personnelle et leur
verse une pension pendant quelques
années
fort de ses années d'expérience et d'un
succès toujours croissant
molière décide de retenter sa chance à
paris philippe d'orléans qui n'est autre
que le frère du roi accepte de venir son
protecteur
c'est ainsi que le 24 octobre 1658 la
croupe est invité au palais du de
nouveau pour jouer devant le duc en
présence son frère le grand louis xiv
tous les comédiens ont le trac il
présente
nycomed une tragédie de corneille mais
le public s'ennuie et baï molière
enchaîne alors sur sa pièce le docteur
amoureux au miracle le roi louis xiv a
tellement apprécié la farce de molière
qu'il le prend sous sa protection et
installe la troupe au petit bourbeau
puis au théâtre du palais royal
refroidis par les chaînes de nycomed
mollien a compris que la tragédie
ce genre noble n'était pas pour lui
qu'importe il rendra noble la comédie en
1659 il écrit les précieuses ridicules
une pièce comique où il utilise le rire
comme une arme pour dénoncer les travers
de son temps
c'est ce qu'on appelle la satire en 1662
il récidive avec l'école des femmes dans
laquelle il dénonce l'asservissement des
femmes dans la société et ça ne plaît
pas à tout le monde la même année
molière épouse la cadette de la famille
des jarres armande qui à 20 ans de moins
que lui
elle aussi est comédienne et elle joue
dans de nombreuses pièces de son mari en
février 1664 le couple donne naissance à
un petit louis pour montrer son amitié
envers molière le roi accepte d'en être
le parrain
c'est un immense honneur et ce n'est pas
fini
bientôt la troupe de molière devienne
officiellement la troupe du roy et louis
xiv qui aiment la danse plus que tous
participent même à quelques comédies
ballets s'il a les faveurs du roi
molière ne cesse de provoquer des
polémiques il n'a pas peur de critiquer
les puissants et de remettre en cause
les excès de la religion comme dans son
tartuffe en 1664 la pièce est jugée
choquante est interdite
puis l'année suivante don juan est
censuré à son tour on lui reproche de
prôner le libertinage et de place fait
mais cela va loin
l'archevêque de paris annonce qui l'ex
commune ira tous les spectateurs
heureusement louis xiv prend sa défense
une nouvelle version du tartuffe est
autorisée en 1669
à la fin de sa vie molière est très
malade
le 17 février 1673 ils montent sans le
savoir
pour la dernière fois sur les planches
pour jouer le malade imaginaire sa
nouvelle création
il y tient le rôle principal il joue si
bien que lorsqu'il s'écroule sur scène
la foule applaudit avec joie molière ne
se relèvera pas
en réalité il a fait un très grave
malaise et meurt quelques heures après
ce doute est il que des siècles plus
tard ses comédiens auraient toujours
autant de succès
[Musique]
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