Citizenship & Right of Citizens of India

Summary

The video script discusses the concept of citizenship in India, detailing its legal and social implications. It explains the historical context post-independence, the constitutional provisions (Articles 5 to 11), and the Citizenship Act of 1955, which outlines ways to acquire and lose citizenship. The script also differentiates between nationality, citizenship, overseas citizenship, and non-resident citizenship, emphasizing the rights and obligations of Indian citizens.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ Citizenship is a legal and social status defining an individual's membership in a nation, including rights and responsibilities.
• 🌟 After India's independence, the Indian Constitution (Articles 5 to 11) outlined the rules for citizenship without defining the term.
• 📅 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution (26th January 1950) was given to those domiciled in India or born there, or with parents born in India.
• 🚫 Post-independence, people migrating to Pakistan and then returning to India, and those of Indian origin residing outside India, had specific citizenship provisions.
• 👶 Birth on Indian soil before 1st July 1987 led to citizenship, irrespective of parents' nationality, but later laws required at least one parent to be Indian.
• 🌐 Descent citizenship rules changed over time, with post-1992 regulations requiring the father to be an Indian citizen for a child born outside India to be a citizen.
• 📝 Registration and naturalization are ways to acquire Indian citizenship, with specific criteria like residency and good character.
• 🏞️ Territories incorporated into India after independence automatically granted citizenship to their residents.
• 🏡 Loss of Indian citizenship can occur through renunciation, acquiring another nationality, or government deprivation for reasons like fraud or disloyalty.
• 🏥 Rights of Indian citizens include freedom from discrimination, equality in public employment, and cultural and educational rights, among others.
• 🌐 Dual citizenship is not permitted in India; one must relinquish their original citizenship to gain Indian citizenship.
• 🌐 Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) was introduced as an alternative to dual citizenship, offering certain rights to people of Indian origin living abroad.
• 🌐 Nationality is a sociological concept based on ethnicity and race, while citizenship is a legal status granting rights and can be changed or revoked.

Q & A

What is the significance of citizenship in modern societies?

Citizenship is a legal and social status defining an individual's membership in a specific nation or political entity. It encompasses rights and responsibilities, shaping the relationship between individuals and communities, and plays a crucial role in political participation, social integration, and identity.

When was the Indian independence act introduced, and what was its purpose?

The Indian Independence Act was introduced on 3rd June 1947. Its purpose was to divide British India into two nations, India and Pakistan.

How does the Constitution of India define citizenship?

The Constitution of India does not explicitly define the term 'citizenship'. However, it outlines the relationship of an individual with the nation-state and the status of a person recognized under law as a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation.

What are the three terms used in the Indian Constitution to refer to people of India?

The three terms used in the Indian Constitution to refer to people of India are 'person', 'citizen', and 'minorities'. These terms are used to specify who is eligible for certain rights under the Constitution.

What are the articles in the Indian Constitution that deal with citizenship?

Articles 5 to 11 of the Indian Constitution deal with the concept of citizenship, covering various aspects such as citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution, citizenship of certain migrants, and people of Indian origin residing outside India.

What changes were made to the citizenship rules in India after July 1, 1987?

After July 1, 1987, a person born in India would only be considered an Indian citizen if either of their parents was born in India, addressing issues with automatic citizenship for children of refugees and illegal immigrants.

What are the five ways to acquire citizenship of India as per the Citizenship Act, 1955?

The five ways to acquire citizenship of India as per the Citizenship Act, 1955 are birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory.

What are the conditions for acquiring Indian citizenship by naturalization?

To acquire Indian citizenship by naturalization, one must not be a subject or citizen of a country that prevents citizens of India from becoming subjects or citizens by naturalization, undertake to renounce their current citizenship if their application is accepted, have resided in India or been in the service of the government for specific periods, be of good character, and have adequate knowledge of the Constitution.

How does the Citizenship Act, 1955, address the loss of citizenship?

The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides for the termination of citizenship through renunciation, termination, and deprivation. Renunciation is voluntary, termination occurs when a person acquires citizenship of another country, and deprivation is compulsory, such as obtaining citizenship by fraud or showing disloyalty to the Constitution.

What are the rights granted solely to Indian citizens?

The rights granted solely to Indian citizens include the right against discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth (Article 15), the right to equality of opportunity in public employment (Article 16), the right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession (Article 19), cultural and educational rights (Articles 29 and 30), the right to vote and contest in elections, and eligibility to hold certain public offices.

What is the difference between dual citizenship, overseas citizenship, and non-resident citizenship in India?

Dual citizenship allows a person to hold citizenship of two countries simultaneously, which is not permitted in India. Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is a status allowing certain rights to eligible persons living abroad, while non-resident citizenship refers to Indian citizens living outside India who retain all the rights of ordinary citizens.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Citizenship and Rights of Indian Citizens

This paragraph introduces the concept of citizenship as a legal and social status that defines an individual's membership in a nation or political entity. It discusses the historical context of Indian independence and the division of British India into India and Pakistan. The Constitution of India does not explicitly define citizenship, but it is understood as the relationship between an individual and the nation-state. Articles 5 to 11 of the Indian Constitution deal with citizenship, outlining the criteria for being a citizen. The paragraph also explains the different terms used in the Constitution to refer to people in India: 'person', 'citizen', and 'minorities', each with specific rights and protections.

05:02

📜 Detailed Breakdown of Indian Citizenship Laws

This section delves into the specifics of the Citizenship Act of 1955, which provides various ways to acquire Indian citizenship: by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory. It outlines the changes in the law over time, particularly focusing on the conditions under which individuals born in India after certain dates can become citizens. The paragraph also discusses the process of registration for citizenship and the requirements for naturalization, including residency, character, and language proficiency. It concludes with a mention of the automatic citizenship granted to residents of territories that become part of India.

10:04

🏢 Rights and Obligations of Indian Citizens

This paragraph discusses the rights granted exclusively to Indian citizens by the Constitution of India, such as the right against discrimination, equality of opportunity in public employment, freedom of speech and expression, cultural and educational rights, and the right to vote and contest in elections. It also mentions the obligations of citizens, including paying taxes, respecting the national symbols, and defending the country. The paragraph highlights that while citizenship confers rights, it also comes with responsibilities.

15:06

🌐 Dual Citizenship, Overseas Citizenship, and Non-Resident Citizenship

This section clarifies that India does not permit dual citizenship, which is the holding of citizenship by two different nations simultaneously. It explains the concept of overseas citizenship introduced in response to demands for dual citizenship, allowing certain categories of people to live and work in India indefinitely. The paragraph differentiates between nationality, citizenship, overseas citizenship, and non-resident citizenship, explaining that while nationality is a sociological concept based on ethnic and racial groups, citizenship is a legal status granted by a government and can be changed or revoked. Overseas citizenship is a unique concept for certain individuals with historical ties to India, and non-resident citizenship applies to Indian citizens living abroad who retain all the rights of ordinary citizens.

20:08

🌟 The Importance of Citizenship in Modern Society

The final paragraph emphasizes the dynamic and foundational nature of citizenship, which goes beyond legal status to include a sense of identity, belonging, and shared responsibility. It highlights the benefits and protections that Indian citizens receive under the Constitution and the importance of defining citizenship. The paragraph also touches on the potential for citizenship to be revoked and the power given to the Parliament to make laws regarding citizenship. It concludes by stating that a nuanced understanding of citizenship is crucial for navigating contemporary social, political, and economic landscapes and fostering a sense of community and participation in society.

Keywords

💡Citizenship

Citizenship refers to the legal and social status that defines an individual's membership in a specific nation or political entity. It encompasses both rights and responsibilities, shaping the relationship between individuals and the communities to which they belong. In the video, citizenship is central to understanding the rights, duties, and shared connections that bind individuals within a geopolitical context. For instance, the script mentions how citizenship is defined under the Indian Constitution from Articles 5 to 11.

💡Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document that establishes the laws and principles governing the country. It does not explicitly define 'citizenship' but outlines the framework through which citizenship is conferred and regulated. The video script discusses how the Constitution lays down the rules for citizenship from Articles 5 to 11, detailing the criteria for being a citizen of India.

💡Citizenship Act, 1955

The Citizenship Act of 1955 is a legislative act that provides the legal means for the acquisition and loss of Indian citizenship. It is mentioned in the script as the act that allows for the acquisition of citizenship through birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory. The Act also details the procedures for loss of citizenship, such as renunciation, termination, and deprivation.

💡Dual Citizenship

Dual citizenship is the status of a person being a citizen of two countries at the same time. The video script clarifies that India does not permit dual citizenship, emphasizing the concept of single citizenship where one must relinquish their original citizenship to gain Indian citizenship or vice versa. This is tied to the idea of commitment and loyalty to a single nation.

💡Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI)

Overseas Citizenship of India is a status offered to persons of Indian origin living outside India, allowing them certain rights and privileges. Introduced in response to the demand for dual citizenship, OCI status as described in the script allows for indefinite living and working in India. It is a unique concept to India, available to specific categories of people with historical ties to India.

💡Renunciation

Renunciation, in the context of the video, refers to the voluntary act of relinquishing one's citizenship. Section 8 of the Citizenship Act, 1955, allows any person of majority and capacity to declare the renunciation of Indian citizenship. This act signifies a conscious decision to cease being a citizen, thus severing the legal bond with the nation.

💡Naturalization

Naturalization is the process by which a non-citizen becomes a citizen of a country. The video script explains that the central government may grant a certificate of naturalization to a person not being an illegal immigrant, under certain qualifications. This includes residing in India for a specified period, having good character, and an intention to reside in India or serve the government.

💡Minorities

Minorities, as discussed in the script, are groups within a population that are entitled to specific rights under the Indian Constitution, defined in Articles 29 and 30. These rights are in addition to other rights and are aimed at protecting the cultural and educational interests of minority communities. The concept is integral to the discussion of citizenship as it highlights the diversity and inclusiveness within the nation.

💡Citizenship Rights

Citizenship rights are the privileges and protections granted to citizens by the state. The video script lists several rights such as the right against discrimination (Article 15), equality of opportunity in public employment (Article 16), and freedom of speech and expression (Article 19). These rights are exclusive to Indian citizens and are fundamental to their participation in the democratic process.

💡Nationality

Nationality, as mentioned in the script, is the status of belonging to a particular nation. It is often determined by factors such as birth, descent, or naturalization and is more of a sociological concept linked to ethnic and racial groups. Unlike citizenship, nationality is not easily changed and forms a person's identity. The script contrasts nationality with citizenship to explain their differences.

💡Non-Resident Citizenship

Non-resident citizenship refers to the status of Indian citizens who live outside India for work or other reasons. The script explains that these individuals retain all the rights and privileges of ordinary citizens despite their physical absence from the country. This concept underscores the enduring connection between citizens and their home nation, regardless of their location.

Highlights

Citizenship is a legal and social status defining an individual's membership in a nation or political entity.

Citizenship shapes the relationship between individuals and the communities they belong to.

Understanding citizenship dynamics is essential for comprehending rights, duties, and shared connections within a geopolitical context.

The Constitution of India does not define the term citizenship.

Citizenship in India is governed by Articles 5 to 11 of the Constitution.

Citizenship Act, 1955 provides five ways to acquire Indian citizenship: birth, descent, registration, naturalization, and incorporation of territory.

Birth in India before July 1, 1987, irrespective of parents' nationality, conferred Indian citizenship.

Amendments to citizenship by birth require at least one parent to be an Indian citizen or not an illegal immigrant.

Citizenship by descent is determined by the father's citizenship at the time of birth.

Registration as a citizen is possible for persons of Indian origin or those married to Indian citizens.

Naturalization requires a 12-month residency in India and a total of 11 years in the past 14 years.

Citizenship can be lost through renunciation, termination, or deprivation.

Dual citizenship is not permitted in India; one must relinquish their original citizenship to gain Indian citizenship.

Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is a concept introduced in 2005 for persons of Indian origin living abroad.

Nationality is a sociological concept determined by ethnicity and race, while citizenship is a legal status granted by a government.

Citizenship grants rights and duties, shaping the relationship between individuals and their communities.

Citizenship is foundational to modern societies, encapsulating identity, belonging, and shared responsibility.

Citizenship discussions continue to evolve, encompassing global diversity and the rights of various groups.

Transcripts

[Music]

my name is Son and I'm an assistant

professor of law at Christ Dean tuby

University Pune laasa campus so today's

topic of discussion is citizenship and

rights of citizens of India citizenship

is a legal and social status that

defines an individual's membership in a

specific Nation or political entity it

encompasses both rights and

responsibilities shaping the relation

ship between individuals and the

communities to which they belong rooted

in concepts of identity and belonging

citizenship plays a crucial role in

modern societies influencing everything

from political participation to social

integration understanding the Dynamics

of citizenship is essential for

comprehending the rights duties and

shared connections that binds

individuals within a particular

geopolitical

context after 3rd June 1947 when Lord

mount baton announced his intention to

scrap the cabinet Mission plan and

introduced Indian independence act

1947 it was decided that British India

will be divided into two Nations India

and Pakistan the constitution of India

does not define the term citizenship

citizenship is the relationship of an

individual with the nation state

citizenship is the status of a person

recognized under law as being a legal

member of a sovereign state or belonging

to a nation in India articles 5 to 11 of

the Constitution deals with the concept

of citizenship the term citizenship

entails the enjoyment of full membership

of any state in which a citizen has

civil and political rights whenever we

discuss about population of our country

or about people of India in our

constitution we use these three terms

first person second citizens and third

minorities these three terms in

reference to people of India are used in

our constitution first person all basic

rights such as right to equality right

to life Etc are given to all persons in

India under part three of the Indian

constitution second citizenship right

against discrimination was given only to

the citizens

such as Article 15 article 16 and

Article 19 Etc third minorities some

specific rights which are defined in

article 29 and article 30 are given only

to minorities in India in addition to

other rights under article 14 and

Article 15 constitutional Provisions

that deal with citizenship are given

under part two of the Indian

constitution The Following part carries

six articles starting from from Article

5 to article 11 Article 5 states that

citizenship at the commencement of the

Constitution this article talks about

citizenship for people at the

commencement of the Constitution that is

26th January 1950 under this citizenship

is conferred upon those persons who have

their domicile in Indian Territory and

who was born in Indian Territory or

whose either parent was born in Indian

Territory or who has ordinarily being a

resident of India for not less than 5

years immediately preceding the

commencement of the

Constitution Article 6 states that

citizenship of certain persons who have

migrated from Pakistan any person who

has migrated from Pakistan shall be a

citizen of India at the time of the

commencement of the Constitution if he

or either of his parents or any of his

grandparents were born in India as given

in the government of India Act of

1935 and in case such a person has

migrated before July 19th

1948 and has been ordinarily resident in

India since his migration or in case

such a person has migrated after July

19th 1948 and he has been registered as

a citizen of India by any officer

appointed in that behalf by the

government of of the Dominion of India

or on an application made by him thereof

to such an officer before the

commencement of the Constitution

provided that no person shall be so

registered unless he has been resident

in India for at least 6 months

immediately preceding the date of his

application section 7 states that

citizenship of certain migrants to

Pakistan this article deals with with

the rights of people who have migrated

to Pakistan after March 1st

1947 but subsequently returned to India

article 8 states that citizenship of

certain persons of Indian origin

residing outside India this article

deals with the rights of people of

Indian origin residing outside India for

purposes of employment marriage and

education article 9 talks about

people voluntary acquiring citizenship

of a foreign country will not be

citizens of India article 10 talks about

any person who is considered to be a

citizen of India under any of the

provisions of this part shall continue

to be citizens and will also be subject

to any law made by the

parliament article 11 states that

Parliament to regulate the right of

citizenship by law the parliament has

the right to make any provision

concerning the acquisition and

termination of citizenship and any other

matter relating to citizenship now I'll

be talking about accusation of

citizenship under the citizenship act

1955 the citizenship act provides five

ways to acquire citizenship of India

these are birth descent registration

naturalization and incorporation of

territory birth section 3 any person

born in India from the commencement of

the Constitution that is 26th January

1950 will be considered as an Indian

citizen till the date of 1st July

1987 irrespective of their nationality

of their parents before 1st July 1987 it

was observed even the children of

refugees and illegal immigrants from

neighboring countries who came to India

were automatically given the Indian

citizenship ship which had become a huge

problem and hence few changes were made

stating that any person who is born in

India after 1st July 1987 till 3rd

December 2003 will get this Indian

citizenship if either of his or her

parents are born in India the problems

again could not be solved so a new

Amendment took place which stated that

anyone who is born after 3rd December

2003 will get the citizenship of India

only when first both of his or her

parents are born in India second or

either of the parents is Indian but the

other one is not an illegal immigrant

third however the children of a foreign

Diplomat posted in India and enemy

aliens cannot acquire citizenship by

birth in India descent section 4 any

person born outside India after the

commencement of the Constitution but

before 10th December 1992 will be

considered as an Indian citizen if his

father was an Indian citizen at the time

of birth a person born on or after 10

December 1992 till 3rd December 2003

will be considered as Indian citizen if

either of his parents were an Indian

citizen at the time of his birth from

3rd December 2004 onwards a person would

not be considered as an Indian citizen

unless his birth is registered with

Indian counselor or Diplomat of that

country or with the permission of the

government registration section five the

central government May on an application

register as a citizen of India any

person not being an illegal immigrant if

he belongs to any of the following

categories namely first a person of

Indian origin

who is ordinarily resident in India for

7 years before making an application for

registration second a person of Indian

origin who is ordinarily resident in any

country or place outside undivided India

third a person who is married to a

citizen of India and is ordinarily

resident in India for 7 years before

making an application for registration

fourth minor children of persons who are

citizens of India fifth a person of full

age and capacity whose parents are

registered as citizens of India sixth a

person of full age and capacity who or

either of his parents was an earlier

citizen of Independent India and is

ordinarily resident in India for 12

months immediately before making an

appli application for

registration seventh a person of full

age and capacity who has been registered

as an overseas citizen of India card

holder for 5 years and who is ordinarily

resident in India for 12 months before

making an application for registration

section six naturalization the central

government May on an application Grant a

certificate of naturalization to any

person not being an illegal immigrant if

he possesses the following

qualifications first he is not a subject

or citizen of any country where citizens

of India are prevented from becoming

subjects or citizens of that country by

naturalization second he is a citizen of

any country he undertakes to renounce

the citizenship of that country in the

event of his application for Indian

citizenship being accepted third he has

either resided in India or has been in

the service of the government in India

or partly the one and partly the other

throughout the period of 12 months

immediately preceding the date of

application fourth during the 14 years

immediately preceding the set period of

12 months he has either resided in India

or been in the service of the government

in India or partly the one and partly

the other for periods amounting in the

aggregate to not less than 11 years

fifth he is of good character sixth he

has Advocate knowledge of the language

specified in the AG scheduled of the

Constitution seventh that in this event

the certificate of naturalization can be

granted to him if he intends to reside

in India or enter into or continue in

service under a government in India or

under any international organization of

which India is a member or under a

society

company or body of persons established

in India section seven by incorporation

of territory when any territory outside

India becomes part of India then their

citizen automatically becomes the

citizen of India from the notified date

example when Goa and pondicherry became

part of India the citizens automatically

acquired the citizenship of India loss

of citizenship the citizenship Act 1955

provides for three ways for the

termination of citizenship these three

ways are renunciation termination and

deprivation first by renunciation

Section 8 any person with majority and

capacity can declare to renounce his

citizenship upon such registration of

request the person shall cease to be a

citizen of India second by termination

section 9 when a person has acquired

citizenship of any other countes Indian

citizenship will forfeit automatically

third by deprivation section 10 it is

compulsory termination of Indian

citizenship by the central government if

citizens have obtained citizenship by

fraud second citizens have shown

disloyalty to the constitution of India

third citizens have unlawfully traded or

communicated with the enemy during a war

the citizen has within 5 years after

registration or naturalization been impr

presentent in any country for 2 years

and citizen has been ordinarily resident

out of India for 7 years continuously

rights of citizens the constitution of

India grants some rights solely to

Indian citizens and are equally denied

to foreign Nations the following rights

are Article 15 right against

discrimination on grounds of religion

race cast sex or place of birth article

16 right to equality of opportunity in

the matter of public employment article

19 right to freedom of speech and

expression assembly Association movement

resident and profession article 29 and

article 30 cultural and educational

rights right to vote in elections to the

Lo saaba and State Legislative Assembly

sixth right to contest for the

membership of the parliament and the

state

legislature seventh eligibility to hold

certain public offices that is President

of India vice president of India judges

of the Supreme Court and high courts

governor of States Attorney General of

India and Advocate General of States

eighth these are the rights that are

available to Indian citizens but owing

to this there are some obligations on

the citizens also these are things like

paying taxes to the government on time

respecting the national flag and things

in the national emblem and defending the

country when required to do so so now my

question is is dual citizenship

permitted in India dual citizenship

stands for acquiring citizenship of two

different nations at the same time there

are some countries in the world which

provide for this but unfortunately India

is not one of of them India provides for

single citizenship implying one has to

leave his original citizenship to gain

Indian citizenship or to acquire

citizenship of any other Nation one has

to terminate Indian citizenship or it

will be automatically

terminated the rational behind not

providing dual citizenship is that

single citizenship is considered as a

commitment to the nation and with dual

citizenship all the faith and loyalty

vanishes away

in USA each person is not only a citizen

of USA but also of the particular state

to which he belongs thus he she owes it

commitment to both and enjoys dual sets

of Rights one set is conferred by the

national government and another by the

state government thus this system

creates the problem who are overseas

citizens overseas citizenship was

introduced in in response to dual

citizenship in 2005 it grants overseas

citizens to work and live in India

indefinitely the following persons are

considered for overseas citizenship

first a person who was a citizen of

India at the time or at any time after

the commencement of the Constitution

that is 26th January 1950 second a

person who was eligible to become a

citizen of India on 26th January 1950

third a person who belonged to a

territory that became part of India

after 15th August

1947 fourth a person who is a child or a

grandchild or great grandchild of such a

citizen fifth a person who is a minor

child of such person's mentioned above

sixth a person who is a minor child and

whose parents are citizens of India and

one of the parents is a citizen of India

seventh spouse of foreign origin of a

citizen of India or spouse of a foreign

origin of an overseas citizen of an

Indian card holder registered under

Section 7A of the citizenship act

1955 eighth whose marriage has been

registered and subsisted for a

continuous period for not less than 2

years immediately preceding the

presentation of the

application now what is the difference

between nationality citizenship overseas

citizenship and nonresident citizenship

nationality is the status of belonging

to a particular Nation the nationality

of the person is determined from where

he belongs it is more of a sociological

concept determined by ethnic and racial

groups and it can never be taken away

from a person and forms a person's

identity there is no relation of

nationality with the rights confer to

the person citizenship is more of a

legal concept and is granted by the

government of that Nation unlike

nationality it can be changed or taken

away from a person the person is given

rights by its own government by the

virtue of citizenship while a person can

belong to one nationality but he can

acquire citizenship of several Nations

at the same time there are the persons

who have some exclusive rights that can

be enjoyed by them and these are their

privileges owing to the citizens of that

Nation overseas citizenship is in

replacement of dual citizenship and is a

unique concept to India and unlike dual

citizenship it is available to only

certain category of people who had

earlier relationship into India or their

parents or

grandparents these are the rights

available to overseas citizens but they

are not as exclusive as they are to

ordinary citizens non-resident

citizenship is given to the people who

are Indian citizens but owing to some

work or other reasons these people are

not living in India but these people

have all rights that resides with the

ordinary citizen of India I would like

to conclude by saying citizenship stands

as a dynamic and foundational concept

that forms the Bedrock of modern

societies it goes beyond a mere legal

status encapsulating a sense of identity

belonging and shared responsibility

among individuals within a specific

Nation or political entity it is

important to Define citizenship because

the people who are citizens of India

will get many benefits and protections

under various articles of our con

Constitution the citizens of a country

are full potential members of a state

whose permanent devotion is to the state

they also enjoy various rights a person

can be given citizenship but his or her

citizenship can be revoked too the

constitution of India has given power to

Parliament to make laws regarding

citizenship under article 11 citizenship

grants both rights and duties

shaping the intricate relationship

between the individuals and their

communities AS Global Dynamics evolve

discussions around citizenship continue

to expand encompassing issues of global

diversity and the rights of various

groups ultimately a nuanced

understanding of citizenship is crucial

for navigating the complexities of

contemporary social political and

economic Landscapes fostering a sense of

community and contributing to the fabric

of a coercive and participatory Society

thank you