1.4 Local level sanitation planning [1]
Summary
TLDRDorothee Spuhler, a sanitation planning expert, discusses the significance of local sanitation planning, particularly in low and middle-income urban areas. She introduces CLUES, a community-led approach for sustainable sanitation in informal settlements, emphasizing its people-centric, multi-stakeholder nature. The script highlights the need for local planning to be aligned with citywide strategies to ensure inclusive and sustainable sanitation solutions.
Takeaways
- π **Importance of Local Sanitation Planning**: Local sanitation planning is crucial due to the heterogeneity of growing cities in low and middle-income countries.
- ποΈ **Inclusivity and Heterogeneity**: Local planning ensures inclusivity by considering the needs of both high-income developed areas and low-income informal settlements.
- π‘ **Domains of Planning**: Cities can be structured into four domains for planning: household, community, municipality, and state, each with its unique requirements and interactions.
- π **Interconnectedness**: Sanitation solutions must consider the interplay between local community needs and higher-level legal and strategic requirements.
- π± **Community Led Urban Environmental Sanitation (CLUES)**: CLUES is introduced as a local planning approach for low-income or informal areas, emphasizing community involvement.
- π **Linking Local and Citywide Planning**: Local planning must be connected to citywide approaches to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive sanitation strategy.
- π½ **Sanitation System Variety**: A mix of sanitation systems, from centralized to onsite latrines, is necessary to address different local contexts and needs.
- π§ **Integration with Other Services**: Sanitation planning should be integrated with planning for other basic services like water, solid waste, and electricity.
- π€ **Stakeholder Engagement**: Engaging different stakeholders is key to aligning local technical, financial, and institutional solutions with citywide planning.
- π³ **CLUES Principles**: CLUES is based on four principles: community-centered planning, utilization of both expert and community knowledge, resource conservation, and problem-solving within the nearest domain.
- π **Alignment for Inclusivity**: Aligning local planning with citywide approaches helps balance interests and leverage synergies, leading to an inclusive mix of sanitation systems.
Q & A
Why is local sanitation planning important?
-Local sanitation planning is important because it considers the heterogeneity of cities, especially in low and middle-income countries, and allows for inclusive planning that addresses the needs of all citizens, including those living in unserved or underserved informal settlements.
What is the significance of focusing on the local level in sanitation planning?
-Focusing on the local level ensures that planning is inclusive and tailored to the specific needs and conditions of different areas within a city, leading to a mix of sanitation systems that are appropriate for different contexts.
What is Community Led Urban Environment Sanitation (CLUES)?
-CLUES is a local planning approach for sanitation in low-income or informal areas that involves the community in the planning process, uses both expert and community knowledge, encourages resource conservation and reuse, and is based on the concept of domains to solve problems at the local level.
How does local level planning interact with city-wide approaches?
-Local level planning must be linked to city-wide approaches to balance interests and tap into synergies. It involves aligning local planning decisions with planning at all levels, including the household, community, municipality, and state.
What are the four domains that can structure a city for planning purposes?
-The four domains are the household, community, municipality, and state. Each domain requires its planning approach and they interact with each other.
Why is it challenging to provide sanitation services in rapidly expanding peri-urban areas and informal settlements?
-These areas are challenging due to rapid growth, high density, lack of human and financial resources, and limited availability of formal or utility services.
What are the complexities at the local level that need to be considered in sanitation planning?
-The complexities include determining the most appropriate type of sanitation system for different areas, planning sanitation services alongside other basic services like water and electricity, and engaging with different stakeholders to align local solutions with city-wide planning.
How does CLUES address the complexities of local sanitation planning?
-CLUES addresses complexities through four principles: placing the neighborhood and community at the core of planning, employing both expert and community knowledge, encouraging resource conservation and reuse, and solving problems within the domain nearest to where they arise.
What is the role of community engagement in CLUES?
-Community engagement in CLUES is crucial as it places the neighborhood and community at the center of the planning process, ensuring that local knowledge and needs are considered, and fostering a people-centric approach.
How can local planning be aligned with city-wide planning to ensure an inclusive approach?
-Local planning can be aligned with city-wide planning by conducting processes in parallel, such as a CLUES process alongside a Sanitation 21 process, and by developing city-wide planning objectives that are aligned with local and state level actors.
What is the ultimate goal of local sanitation planning as described in the script?
-The ultimate goal is to create an inclusive approach that results in a mix of sanitation systems appropriate for different areas or population segments, promoting environmental sustainable sanitation.
Outlines
π Importance of Local Sanitation Planning
Dorothee Spuhler, a sanitation planning expert, introduces the significance of local sanitation planning, particularly in growing cities of low and middle-income countries. These cities are heterogeneous, necessitating tailored approaches to sanitation that consider both physical and socio-economic characteristics. The local level is crucial for inclusive planning, especially for informal settlements often neglected in traditional planning. The module will cover the concept of Community Led Urban Environment Sanitation (CLUES), which is designed for low-income or informal areas, and the importance of linking local planning to city-wide approaches. The city is structured into four domains: household, community, municipality, and state, each requiring a distinct planning approach. CLUES focuses on the household and community domains, aiming for a mix of sanitation systems that address the city inclusively.
π Aligning Local and City-Wide Sanitation Planning
This paragraph continues the discussion on local sanitation planning, emphasizing the need to align local decisions with broader city-wide planning. It highlights the importance of considering local needs and conditions to create an inclusive approach to sanitation, especially in informal and low-income areas. CLUES is introduced as a people-centered, multi-stakeholder planning approach that encourages local solutions and sustainable sanitation practices. The paragraph also discusses the need for parallel planning processes, such as conducting a CLUES process alongside a Sanitation 21 process, to ensure that local planning is in harmony with city-wide objectives. The SaniChoice Practitioner's guide is mentioned as a resource for developing aligned objectives. The summary concludes by reiterating the importance of a mix of sanitation systems appropriate for different areas or population segments, resulting from a well-aligned local and city-wide planning approach.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Sanitation Planning
π‘Heterogeneity
π‘Inclusive Planning
π‘Community Led Urban Environment Sanitation (CLUES)
π‘Domains
π‘Rapidly Expanding Peri-Urban Areas
π‘Stakeholders
π‘Sustainable Sanitation
π‘Fecal Sludge Management
π‘Operation and Maintenance Services
π‘Financing Mechanisms
Highlights
Importance of local sanitation planning in growing cities in low and middle-income countries.
Heterogeneity of urban areas necessitates local planning for inclusive sanitation solutions.
Local planning addresses the needs of millions living in unserved or underserved informal settlements.
Introduction to Community Led Urban Environment Sanitation (CLUES) for local planning.
Necessity of linking local level planning to city-wide approaches.
City can be structured into four domains: household, community, municipality, and state.
Interaction between different domains in city planning.
Local level as the domain of the household and community in sanitation planning.
Importance of considering heterogeneity in citywide sanitation planning.
Challenges of sanitation in rapidly expanding peri-urban areas and informal settlements.
Complexities at the local level: appropriate sanitation system types and planning with other basic services.
Engagement with stakeholders to align local solutions with citywide planning.
CLUES addresses local complexities through four principles: neighborhood focus, expert and community knowledge, resource conservation, and problem-solving within domains.
People-centric approach of CLUES involving multi-stakeholder participation.
Promotion of environmental sustainable sanitation through CLUES.
Aligning local planning with citywide planning for an inclusive approach.
Balancing conflict of interests and tapping into synergies through aligned planning.
Practical implementation of aligned planning through processes like CLUES and Sanitation 21.
Summary of the importance of local level planning and its alignment with citywide planning for sustainable sanitation systems.
Transcripts
Hi and welcome.
My name is Dorothee Spuhler and I'm a sanitation planning expert
and researcher, advising organizations and communities
on sustainable sanitation.
Together, we will be exploring why
local sanitation planning is important.
So why do we focus on the local level?
Because growing cities in low
and middle income countries tend to be heterogenous
with different areas of priority, different characteristics
from a physical and socio economic point of view.
So you can see that in this picture in the top you have a high income
developed area, whereas in the bottom you have a low income
informal settlement.
Local planning allows to consider these heterogeneity
and makes planning inclusive
also for the needs of the millions of global citizens across the world
that live in unserved or underserved informal settlements
as shown in the bottom.
In this module,
you will get to understand why local level sanitation is important.
You will get to know Community Led Urban Environment Sanitation, CLUES
for local planning in low income or informal areas.
You will also recognize why local level planning
has to be linked to city wide approaches.
From a planning perspective,
we can structure the city into four domains: the domain of the household,
the community, the municipality, and the state.
Although each of the domains can be looked
at separately, they interact with each other.
For instance, a toilet design has to respond
to the requirements of the local community,
but it also has to fulfill higher level legal requirements.
The local level is the domain
of the household and the community.
Each domain requires its planning approach.
On a citywide level, sanitation, 21 or a city sanitation
planning for the local level, we will be presenting CLUES
what stands for a Community Led Urban Environmental Sanitation.
Local planning is
important in order to consider the heterogeneity of the city
and to allow to consider specific local needs and conditions.
The result will be a mix of sanitation systems appropriate
for different context that address the city in an inclusive way.
The most difficult spatial contexts to deal with
are undoubtedly the rapidly expanding peri urban areas surrounding most cities
and the informal settlements. In this area,
formal or utility services are hardly available.
They are characterized by rapid growth, high density
and the lack of human and financial resources.
So let us look a bit at the complexities at the local level.
First, we need to think
which type of sanitation system is most appropriate, where.
This results in a mix of different solutions from centralized
to based systems to onsite latrines with fecal sludge management.
Second,
sanitation services must be planned along with other basic services
such as water, solid waste or electricity.
And thirdly, we have to engage with different stakeholders
in order to align the local technical, financial
and institutional solutions with citywide planning.
Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation
or CLUES addresses these complexities through four principles.
Firstly, clues places the neighborhood
and community at the core of the planning process.
And with this it complements citywide strategic planning.
Secondly,
it employs both expert and community knowledge.
Thirdly, it encourages resource
conservation and reuse recycling
when and if possible.
And fourthly, it is based on the concept
of domains and tries to solve problems within the domain
nearest to where the problem arise.
To sum up, it's people centric.
It involves a multi-stakeholder approach.
It tries to come up with local solutions wherever possible.
And lastly, it tries to promote environmental sustainable sanitation.
While local planning is important to address the complexities.
It is also essential to make citywide planning inclusive.
Nevertheless, local planning decisions have to be aligned with planning at all
the domains.
This will allow to balance conflict of interests and to tap into synergies.
For instance, fecal sludge treatment plans can serve several communities.
Operation and maintenance services can also be made
accessible across communities or citywide.
Financing mechanism can be used to cover the local investments.
To align local level planning with citywide approaches.
Planning has to be carried out in parallel.
For instance, conducting a CLUES process along with a Sanitation 21
process.
This can be put in practice through citywide planning objectives
that are aligned with local and state level actors.
The SaniChoice Practitioner's guide provides
one option how to develop such aligned objectives.
In summary, we have learned that the urban area
can be structured into four domains the domain of the household,
the community, the municipality, and the state.
Second, local level planning is important to consider the specific
local needs and conditions and the complexities of urban
sanitation, especially in informal low income areas.
Thirdly, CLUES is a planning approach
that applies to the local level with four principles.
It's people centered multi stakeholders.
It considers local solutions and it fosters sustainable sanitation.
However, local planning has to be aligned with citywide
planning, ensuring an inclusive approach resulting in a mix of sanitation
systems, each appropriate for a given area or population segment.
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