Hist 12 Lecture 10 World War I Part 1

Summary

The script discusses the complex factors leading to America's reluctant entry into WWI. Initially isolationist, the U.S. eventually joins after the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram. Despite unpreparedness, the American involvement, including the 'Dough Boys' and African-American soldiers, tips the scales in favor of the Allies. The war's brutality and high costs raise questions about its justification.

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Q & A

What was the significance of the 1912 election in the context of the script?

The 1912 election was significant because it was the year of the Third Party candidate, Theodore Roosevelt, who created the Bull Moose Party after being snubbed by the Republican Party. This split in the Republican vote would later contribute to Woodrow Wilson's victory.

What was Woodrow Wilson's platform during his presidential campaign?

Woodrow Wilson's platform was centered around 'New Freedom,' which included reducing tariffs, antitrust legislation, and fixing the corrupt banking system.

What was the concept of 'American exceptionalism' as mentioned in the script?

American exceptionalism refers to the belief that America is special and different from the rest of the world, and that the rest of the world doesn't affect America, but America can affect the rest of the world.

Why did the United States initially not want to get involved in World War I?

The United States initially did not want to get involved in World War I due to its tradition of isolationism and the belief that it was a European problem, not an American one.

What was the impact of the sinking of the Lusitania on the United States' decision to enter World War I?

The sinking of the Lusitania, which resulted in American lives lost, was a catalyst for the U.S. to get involved in World War I. However, it's important to note that the ship was carrying war munitions, which was a reason for Germany to attack it.

What was the Zimmerman Telegram, and how did it influence the U.S. entry into World War I?

The Zimmerman Telegram was a message from the German foreign minister proposing an alliance with Mexico against the United States. It was intercepted and publicized by President Wilson, which significantly influenced the U.S. decision to declare war on Germany.

How unprepared was the United States for World War I, and what steps were taken to prepare for it?

The United States was extremely unprepared for World War I, with only 200,000 soldiers and insufficient ammunition. To prepare, they implemented the Selective Service Act in 1917, requiring males between 21 and 30 to register for a potential draft.

What was the role of African American soldiers in World War I as described in the script?

African American soldiers played a significant role in World War I. They were offered German citizenship if they defected, but they remained loyal to the U.S. They also experienced less segregation in Europe compared to what they faced in America.

How did the presence of the United States impact the outcome of World War I?

The presence of the United States tipped the war in favor of the British. American forces helped turn the tide of the war, contributing to the eventual defeat of Germany.

What was the term used to describe World War I at the time, and what was the death toll?

At the time, World War I was called 'the Great War' or 'the war to end all wars.' The death toll was 14 million soldiers and civilians, including 112,000 Americans.

What was the significance of the Armistice in November 1918 in the context of the war?

The Armistice in November 1918 marked the end of the brutal fighting in World War I. It was a significant event as it brought a temporary halt to the hostilities, although it would later lead to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.