History of Counseling in the Phils
Summary
TLDRThe historical development of counseling in the Philippines from the 1940s onwards is discussed, highlighting its evolution from American influence to a culturally localized practice. The script covers the establishment of counseling associations, the indigenization of counseling models, and the current status of counseling, emphasizing family-oriented therapies and the influence of religiosity and spirituality. It also addresses the accessibility and affordability of counseling services, the impact of societal issues on counseling needs, and the recent professionalization of the field through legislative acts.
Takeaways
- 📚 Counseling in the Philippines began in the 1940s with the introduction of guidance services in colleges, focusing on career and employment opportunities.
- 🌏 The first psychological clinic was established at the University of the Philippines, indicating the start of formal psychological counseling services.
- 🛑 The growth of counseling was interrupted by the Japanese occupation during World War II, highlighting a significant historical disruption.
- 🎓 Filipinos obtained counseling training and degrees in the United States and established academic programs upon returning to the Philippines, showing the influence of international education.
- 🏢 The 1960s saw the birth of two key associations that played a crucial role in regulating the counseling profession in the Philippines.
- 🔍 The 1970s to 1980s were marked by efforts to indigenize counseling, adapting Western models to fit the local culture and social realities.
- 👨👩👧👦 Family orientation is central to counseling in the Philippines, with family involvement being a key component of effective therapy.
- 🎨 Expressive therapies such as play, art, and music therapy are prevalent, particularly in counseling children.
- 🙏 Religiosity and spirituality are influential in the counseling process, reflecting the importance of faith in Filipino culture.
- 💼 The middle to upper class can afford counseling, while the poor often seek help from religious leaders or community captains, indicating disparities in access to mental health services.
- 🏛️ The Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004 and the Philippine Psychology Act of 2009 were significant steps towards professionalizing and regulating the practice of counseling and psychology.
Q & A
在菲律宾,咨询的历史背景是什么?
-咨询在菲律宾的历史背景始于1940年代,当时美国对菲律宾的影响很大。在1940年代到1960年代之间,咨询随着两所马尼拉学院提供的职业指导服务传入菲律宾,并在菲律宾大学建立了第一个心理诊所。然而,这一增长被日本占领打断。尽管如此,这段时间仍被视为咨询培训的时期,许多菲律宾人在美国接受培训和学位,并在回国后建立了学术咨询项目 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业在1960年代有什么发展?
-在1960年代,菲律宾咨询业见证了两个协会的成立,这两个协会在规范职业方面发挥了重要作用:菲律宾心理学会成立于1962年,菲律宾指导和咨询协会也在同一时期成立 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业在1970年代到1990年代期间的主要趋势是什么?
-在1970年代到1990年代期间,菲律宾咨询业的主要趋势是评估、构建和理论的本土化,专注于在美国学到的咨询模型与菲律宾文化背景及其社会问题现实之间的差异 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业在政治动荡期间是如何发展的?
-菲律宾咨询业在政治动荡期间,如军事政变和公民领导的革命之后,经历了显著的增长。这些动荡的治理变化对国家的经济和社会政治结构及其不稳定和压迫做出了贡献,但也展示了人民的力量,例如成千上万的菲律宾人和平示威反对独裁、贪污和腐败 [^1^]。
在菲律宾,家庭在咨询过程中扮演什么角色?
-在菲律宾,家庭是社会的主要单位,菲律宾人重视家庭归属感。这种家庭导向在咨询中扮演着重要角色,因为菲律宾人更愿意向家庭成员寻求帮助,而不是信任陌生人,如治疗师和咨询师。最有效的咨询实践涉及家庭,家庭系统疗法占主导地位 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业在2008年有什么重要发展?
-2008年,菲律宾咨询业的一个重要发展是成立了菲律宾家庭和牧灵咨询协会,这反映了咨询师对菲律宾人需求的响应,通过利用人们信仰和灵性中的有价值资源 [^1^]。
在菲律宾,咨询的费用范围是多少?
-在菲律宾,咨询的费用范围从500到2000菲律宾比索不等,这相当于大约12到50美元。与美国相比,咨询费用较低,但会话通常持续时间更长,因为菲律宾人对准时性不太关注 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业在2004年有什么重大立法?
-2004年,菲律宾通过了《指导和咨询法案》(共和党法案9258号),旨在将指导和咨询实践专业化,并创建了指导和咨询专业监管委员会。此前,心理健康工作者无需执照即可执业,也没有监管机构确保充分的培训和道德实践 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业的未来发展方向是什么?
-菲律宾咨询业的未来发展方向包括通过增加专业性来继续发展。这包括通过法律来规范咨询职业,并通过要求继续教育和研究的法律来维持专业内的专业知识水平。此外,咨询领域将继续发展服务,特别是为贫困者提供服务,这主要是通过非政府实体进行的,但也将为街头儿童、性虐待受害者、贫困人口以及未解决的犯罪和人类及自然灾害的受害者提供咨询 [^1^]。
菲律宾咨询业如何整合本土知识和文化视角?
-菲律宾咨询业正在发展服务,这些服务不仅本土化而且与实践强相关。这包括承认社会疾病对个体的重大影响,以及利用宗教、灵性、社会支持和参与、个人和集体的韧性和希望等资源来促进治疗性愈合和繁荣 [^1^]。
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