HIDRUROS METALICOS | Acido facil

Acido Facil

26 May 202010:56

Summary

TLDRThis educational video explains the formation of binary chemical compounds, specifically metal hydrides. It details how these compounds are named using traditional and systematic methods, highlighting the difference between regular and 'special' compounds. The video uses examples such as copper hydride and nitrogen hydride to illustrate the process. It also teaches how to write formulas and names for various hydrides, including those of iron, phosphorus, and barium, emphasizing the role of valency in compound formation.

Takeaways

🔬 Hydrogen and metals form binary compounds known as metal hydrides, where metals have a positive valence and hydrogen has a valence of -1.
📚 The name of metal hydrides typically starts with 'hydrido' followed by the name of the metal and the valence number.
🧩 Copper, with variable valence, is used as an example to explain the formation of metal hydrides, resulting in CuH2 or hydrido copper(II).
🌐 Special binary compounds are formed when non-metals combine with hydrogen, breaking the usual cation-anion rule.
📝 The traditional name for NH3 is ammonia, and its systematic name is 'nitruro de hidrógeno' or 'nitrogen hydride'.
🔍 Non-metals like carbon, silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony form special hydrides with valences of -4 or -3.
🌐 The systematic nomenclature for non-metal hydrides includes prefixes like 'mono', 'di', 'tetra', etc., based on the number of hydrogen atoms.
📖 The script explains how to write the formulas for compounds like 'hídruro férrico' (FeH3), 'metano' (CH4), 'fósforo de hidrógeno' (PH3), and 'hidruro de varios' (BaH2).
🔑 The video provides a step-by-step guide on naming hydrides, emphasizing the difference between metal hydrides and special non-metal hydrides.
🎓 The script concludes with an exercise to name additional hydrides, such as 'NbH5' (pentahalide of niobium), 'SbH3' (stibine), 'SiH4' (silicone), and 'SnH2' (stannane).

Q & A

What are binary compounds?
-Binary compounds are chemical compounds composed of two different elements.
What are metallic hydrides?
-Metallic hydrides are binary compounds formed by a metal with a positive oxidation state and hydrogen with an oxidation state of -1.
How do you form a compound with copper and hydrogen?
-Copper, which can have variable oxidation states of +1 and +2, is used with hydrogen (-1 oxidation state). By exchanging their oxidation states, you can form a compound such as CuH2, which is named as 'cubico hidruro de cobre' in traditional nomenclature.
What is the traditional name for CuH2?
-The traditional name for CuH2 is 'hidruro cúbico de cobre'.
What is the systematic name for CuH2?
-The systematic name for CuH2 is 'cobre(II)hidruro', indicating copper with an oxidation state of +2.
What are special binary compounds?
-Special binary compounds are those that do not follow the typical cation-anion structure and instead form compounds with non-metals and hydrogen where the non-metal exhibits a negative oxidation state.
Which elements form special hydrides?
-Elements such as carbon, silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony form special hydrides.
What is the traditional name for the compound NH3?
-NH3 is traditionally known as ammonia.
How is the compound CH4 named in systematic nomenclature?
-In systematic nomenclature, CH4 is named as 'carburo de hidrógeno' or 'tetrahidro de carbono'.
What is the special name for the compound AsH3?
-The special name for AsH3 is 'arsina'.
How do you name a compound with iron and hydrogen, such as FeH3?
-FeH3 can be named as 'hidruro de hierro' or 'ferrohidruro' in traditional nomenclature, and 'pentahidro de hierro' in systematic nomenclature, indicating iron with an oxidation state of +3.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Formation of Binary Chemical Compounds: Metal Hydrides

This paragraph explains the formation of binary chemical compounds, specifically metal hydrides. Metal hydrides are formed by combining a metal with a positive valency (charge) with hydrogen, which has a valency of -1. The process involves exchanging valencies to form a compound, exemplified by copper and hydrogen forming CuH2. The naming convention for these compounds is discussed, including traditional and Stock nomenclature. Traditionally, 'hydrido' is prefixed by the metal's name, followed by the valency in Roman numerals. Stock nomenclature uses the prefix 'penta-' for five hydrogen atoms. The paragraph also introduces 'special compounds,' which break the binary compound rule by forming with a non-metal first, then hydrogen, exemplified by nitrogen and hydrogen forming NH3, known as ammonia.

05:01

📚 Naming and Formulating Chemical Compounds

This paragraph focuses on the process of naming and writing the formulas for various chemical compounds. It starts with 'hilo férrico' (iron wire), explaining that iron, with variable valency, forms FeH3 when combined with hydrogen. Methane (CH4) is identified as a special compound, with its traditional name. Phosphorus hydride (PH3) is discussed, noting phosphorus's valency of -3, and its traditional name is phosphine. The paragraph continues with naming compounds like 'hidruro de varios' (barium hydride) as BaH2. It then moves to naming more complex hydrides like NbH5, SbH3, SiH4, and SnH2, using both traditional and systematic nomenclature, and explaining the significance of the number of hydrogen atoms in the compound's name.

10:01

🎓 Conclusion and Engagement Invitation

The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the video, inviting viewers to engage with the content. It encourages viewers to like the video, follow the creator on Facebook, subscribe to the YouTube channel, and turn on notifications for new videos. The creator also prompts viewers to share the video, leave comments, and suggest topics for future videos.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Binary Compounds

Binary compounds are chemical compounds composed of two different elements. In the context of the video, binary compounds refer specifically to metal hydrides, which are formed by combining a metal with hydrogen. The video explains how these compounds are named and formed, highlighting the exchange of valencies between the metal and hydrogen.

💡Metal Hydrides

Metal hydrides are a type of binary compound where a metal is bonded to hydrogen. The video discusses how these hydrides are named based on the valency of the metal and the hydrogen. For example, copper hydride is mentioned, which would be named based on the valency of copper and the hydrogen atoms involved.

💡Valency

Valency, also known as oxidation state, refers to the combining power of an element, particularly how many atoms of hydrogen or electrons an element can combine with or displace. In the video, valency is crucial for understanding how metal hydrides are formed and named, as it dictates the number of hydrogen atoms that will bond with the metal.

💡Nomenclature

Nomenclature in chemistry refers to the set of rules for naming chemical compounds. The video explains different systems of nomenclature for metal hydrides, including traditional and systematic (Stock) nomenclature. Understanding nomenclature is key to correctly identifying and naming binary compounds.

💡Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the element with the atomic number 1 and is a key component in the formation of hydrides. In the video, hydrogen is noted for its valency of -1, which is essential in forming hydrides with metals. The video uses hydrogen to demonstrate how binary compounds are created.

💡Special Compounds

Special compounds, as mentioned in the video, are those that do not follow the typical binary compound rules. These include compounds formed by non-metals with hydrogen, such as ammonia (NH3), where the non-metal (nitrogen) bonds with hydrogen in a way that breaks the standard cation-anion rule.

💡Non-metals

Non-metals are elements that typically lack the properties of metals, such as electrical conductivity. In the video, non-metals like nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus are discussed in the context of forming special hydrides with hydrogen, where they exhibit different valencies compared to metals.

💡Valency Exchange

Valency exchange is a concept used in the video to describe how the valencies of elements are balanced in the formation of compounds. For instance, when forming a metal hydride, the positive valency of the metal is 'exchanged' with the negative valency of hydrogen to create a neutral compound.

💡Oxides

Oxides are a type of binary compound that contains oxygen and another element. While not the main focus of the video, oxides are mentioned in contrast to hydrides, highlighting the difference in the non-metal element used to form the compounds (oxygen for oxides, hydrogen for hydrides).

💡Systematic Nomenclature

Systematic nomenclature, or Stock nomenclature, is a method of naming compounds based on a systematic set of rules. The video explains how to use this method for naming hydrides, such as using prefixes like 'mono-', 'di-', 'tri-', and 'tetra-' to indicate the number of hydrogen atoms in the compound.

💡Traditional Nomenclature

Traditional nomenclature refers to the common names given to compounds, often derived from historical usage. The video contrasts this with systematic nomenclature by giving examples like 'water' (H2O) or 'ammonia' (NH3), which are known by their traditional names rather than their systematic ones.

Highlights

Introduction to forming binary chemical compounds, specifically metal hydrides.

Explanation of how metal hydrides are formed with a metal of positive valence and hydrogen with a valence of -1.

Example of forming copper hydride (CuH2) by exchanging valences between copper and hydrogen.

Traditional naming of metal hydrides starting with 'hydrido' followed by the name of the metal and its valence.

Stock nomenclature for metal hydrides involves the word 'hidruro' followed by the metal's name and valence in Roman numerals.

Systematic nomenclature involves the word 'hidruro' followed by the metal's name, with prefixes indicating the number of atoms.

Discussion on special compounds that break the binary compound rule, such as those formed with non-metals like carbon, silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony.

Explanation of how special compounds are formed with non-metals and hydrogen, resulting in unique names like ammonia (NH3).

Naming of special compounds with non-metals using traditional and systematic nomenclature, such as 'carburo de hidrógeno' for methane (CH4).

Practical exercise on writing chemical formulas for compounds like iron(II) hydride, methane, phosphine, and barium hydride.

Explanation of how to name iron(II) hydride using both traditional and systematic nomenclature.

Naming phosphine (PH3) using systematic nomenclature and its traditional name 'phosphine'.

Barium hydride is named using traditional nomenclature as 'barium hydride' or 'barium dihydride'.

Naming exercise for compounds like NbH5, SbH3, SiH4, and SnH2 using both traditional and systematic nomenclature.

Explanation of how to name niobium pentahydride (NbH5) using systematic nomenclature as 'pentahydrido de niobio'.

Traditional naming of antimony hydride (SbH3) as 'stibine' and its systematic nomenclature as 'antimonio de hidrógeno'.

Naming silicon hydride (SiH4) as 'silicon' or 'silicane' in traditional nomenclature and 'tetrahidro de silicio' in systematic nomenclature.

Tin hydride (SnH2) is named using traditional nomenclature as 'tin hydride' or 'stannane' and systematically as 'hidruro de estaño'.

Encouragement for viewers to like, subscribe, and notify for new videos, as well as to share and comment for further engagement.