Dr Arjun Rao -Non-conventional energy sources

Summary

This lecture explores non-conventional, or renewable, energy sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal energy. It highlights India's significant hydro power capacity and initiatives promoting renewable energy, emphasizing the environmental and economic benefits. The talk also covers government schemes like the National Solar Mission, aiming for 175 GW of solar power by 2022, and the importance of these sources in rural development and energy security.

Takeaways

• 🌞 Non-conventional energy sources, also known as renewable energy, are derived from natural and sustainable processes that are continuously replenished.
• 🌬️ Solar energy is harnessed using photovoltaic cells or solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity.
• 💨 Wind energy is generated by wind turbines that capture the kinetic energy of wind and convert it into electricity, with wind power being one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources.
• 💧 Hydroelectric energy, or hydro power, is produced by the flow of water, often through dams on rivers, with India having the world's fifth-largest hydro power capacity.
• 🌾 Biomass energy comes from organic materials like wood, agricultural residues, and wastes, which can be used to generate heat or electricity.
• 🔥 Geothermal energy uses the Earth's internal heat for electricity generation or heating and cooling, typically through geothermal power plants.
• 🌊 Wave energy converts the kinetic energy of ocean waves into electricity, with various technologies such as point absorbers and oscillating water columns.
• 🏡 Non-conventional energy technologies like solar panels and wind turbines can be integrated into existing power grids to meet daily energy needs.
• 🌱 Using non-conventional energy sources offers environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality.
• 🌐 Government schemes in India, like the National Solar Mission, aim to promote renewable energy deployment and achieve energy security and sustainability goals.

Q & A

What are non-conventional energy sources?

Non-conventional energy sources, also known as renewable energy sources, are forms of energy that originate from natural and sustainable processes that are continuously replaced. They differ from traditional fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite and contribute to environmental degradation.

How does solar energy harness the energy from the Sun?

Solar energy harnesses the energy from the Sun using photovoltaic cells, also known as solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity. Solar power is abundant and can be harnessed through technologies such as solar panels, water heaters, and concentrated solar power systems.

What is wind energy and how is it converted into electricity?

Wind energy is the process where giant wind turbines capture kinetic energy from the wind and convert it into electricity. This is a mature technology used in both onshore and offshore installations globally and is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources.

What is hydroelectric power and what is India's standing in this sector?

Hydroelectric power, also known as hydro power, is generated by the conversion of the energy in flowing water, typically through big dams on rivers or by using the natural flow of water. India has the world's fifth-largest hydro power capacity and is home to several large electric power plants that generate clean and renewable electricity.

How many hydroelectric power plants does India have, and what is the capacity of some of the significant projects?

India has more than 197 hydroelectric power plants capable of producing more than 25 megawatts of electricity. Some significant projects include the Hirakud hydro power complex with an installed capacity of 2400 megawatts, the Koyna hydroelectric project generating about 1900 megawatts, and the Sardar Sarovar Dam producing approximately 1600 megawatts.

What is biomass energy and how is it produced?

Biomass energy refers to any organic materials like wood, agricultural residue, and wastes that can be used as fuel to generate heat or electricity. It can be produced through combustion, fermentation, or biochemical conversions processes like anaerobic digestion.

What types of biomass are found in India and what are their uses?

In India, types of biomass include agricultural residues such as rice straw, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corn straws. These residues can be used for generating electricity, cooking purposes, and heating purposes.

What is geothermal energy and how is it utilized?

Geothermal energy harnesses the heat from within the Earth to generate electricity or provide heating and cooling mechanisms. It generally utilizes the Earth's internal heat through geothermal power plants, heat pumps, and direct use applications like hot springs.

How does wave energy convert the energy from ocean waves into electricity?

Wave energy converts the kinetic energy of ocean waves into electricity using various technologies such as point absorbers, oscillating water columns, and attenuators.

What are the key advantages and benefits of using non-conventional energy sources?

The key advantages and benefits of using non-conventional energy sources include environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved air quality, and conservation of natural resources. They also contribute to the diversification of energy sources, leading to economic benefits and sustainable development. Additionally, they serve as instruments for bringing electricity to remote regions, improving the quality of life and supporting social and economic development.

What are some government schemes in India that promote non-conventional energy sources?

Some notable government schemes in India that promote non-conventional energy sources include Pradhan Mantri Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Maha Abhiyan (PM-KUSUM), Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Maha Abhiyan (KUSUM), and the National Solar Mission, which aims to achieve 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022, subsequently revised to 175 GW.

Outlines

00:00

🌞 Introduction to Non-Conventional Energy Sources

This paragraph introduces non-conventional energy sources, also known as renewable energy sources, which are derived from natural and sustainable processes that are continuously replenished. It contrasts these with conventional fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite and contribute to environmental degradation. The paragraph lists various types of non-conventional energy sources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal energy. It explains how solar energy is harnessed using photovoltaic cells or solar panels, and how wind energy is captured by wind turbines. It also highlights India's significant hydroelectric capacity and mentions major hydroelectric power projects, such as the Hirakud Hydro Power Complex, the Koyna Hydroelectric Project, and the Tehri Dam. The paragraph concludes by discussing biomass energy, which involves the use of organic materials like wood and agricultural residues for heat or electricity generation.

05:01

🌊 Wave Energy and Non-Conventional Energy Technologies

The second paragraph delves into wave energy, which is the conversion of the kinetic energy of ocean waves into electricity. It mentions various technologies developed for wave energy conversion, such as point absorbers and oscillating water columns. The paragraph then transitions to discuss the broader application of non-conventional energy technologies, emphasizing their integration into existing power grids to meet daily energy needs. It notes the use of solar panels for pumping groundwater in remote areas, which is crucial for agriculture and rural development. The paragraph also outlines the environmental benefits of non-conventional energy sources, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality. It discusses the economic and social benefits, including energy diversification and providing electricity to remote regions. The paragraph concludes by mentioning several government schemes in India aimed at promoting non-conventional energy sources, such as the National Solar Mission, which was launched to achieve 100 gigawatts of solar power capacity by 2022, later revised to 175 gigawatts.

Keywords

💡Non-conventional energy sources

Non-conventional energy sources, also known as renewable energy sources, are derived from natural processes that are replenished continuously. They contrast with finite fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute to environmental degradation. In the video, non-conventional energy sources are highlighted as sustainable alternatives that can help mitigate climate change and promote environmental conservation.

💡Solar energy

Solar energy is a form of renewable energy harnessed from the Sun's rays using technologies like photovoltaic cells or solar panels. The video mentions that solar energy is abundant and can be utilized more extensively, with examples of technologies including solar panels, water heaters, and concentrated solar power systems. It underscores the potential of solar energy to contribute to the global shift towards clean energy.

💡Wind energy

Wind energy, or wind power, is generated by converting the kinetic energy from wind into electricity using wind turbines. The script refers to wind energy as a mature technology used in both onshore and offshore installations, highlighting its role as one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources globally.

💡Hydroelectric energy

Hydroelectric energy, or hydro power, is produced by the movement of water, typically through dams on rivers or by harnessing the natural flow of water. The video notes India's significant hydroelectric capacity, with large power plants like the Hirakud hydro power complex, the Koyna hydroelectric project, and the Tehri Dam, which generate clean and renewable electricity.

💡Biomass

Biomass refers to organic materials, such as wood, agricultural residues, and waste, that can be used as fuel to produce heat or electricity. The video explains that biomass energy can be produced through various processes like combustion, fermentation, or anaerobic digestion. It also mentions the types of biomass found in India, like agricultural residues, and how they can be used for electricity generation, cooking, and heating.

💡Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is the heat from within the Earth that can be used to generate electricity or provide heating and cooling mechanisms. The video describes how geothermal power plants, heat pumps, and direct use applications like hot springs harness this energy. It is presented as a sustainable and reliable source of power that can be utilized in various applications.

💡Wave energy

Wave energy is the kinetic energy of ocean waves that can be converted into electricity. The video discusses various technologies developed for wave energy conversion, such as point absorbers and oscillating water columns. It is noted for its potential uses in electricity generation, heating and cooling, transportation, water pumping, and irrigation.

💡Off-grid solar power systems

Off-grid solar power systems are standalone systems that provide electricity independently of the main power grid. The video mentions their importance in providing electricity to remote regions, which are not connected to the main power stations. These systems can improve the quality of life in rural areas by supporting agriculture and rural development.

💡Environmental benefits

The video discusses the environmental benefits of non-conventional energy sources, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved air quality, and the conservation of natural resources. These benefits are crucial for combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.

💡National Solar Mission

The National Solar Mission, also known as 'Jaane Dhan' or 'Jaawab Dhan', is a government initiative launched in India to promote solar energy deployment nationwide. The video highlights its goal to achieve 100 gigawatts of solar power capacity by 2022, which was later revised to 175 gigawatts. This mission is part of India's efforts to diversify its energy sources and achieve energy security.

Highlights

Non-conventional energy sources, also known as renewable energy sources, originate from natural and sustainable processes.

These sources are non-conventional as they differ from finite fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.

Examples of non-conventional energy sources include solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal energy.

Solar energy is harnessed using photovoltaic cells or solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity.

Wind energy is captured by wind turbines and is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources.

India ranks fifth globally in hydroelectric power capacity, with over 197 hydropower plants.

Hydroelectric power is generated by the movement of water, typically through dams or natural water flow.

Biomass energy comes from organic materials like wood, agricultural residue, and wastes for heat or electricity generation.

Geothermal energy uses the Earth's internal heat for electricity generation or heating and cooling.

Wave energy converts the kinetic energy of ocean waves into electricity.

Non-conventional energy technologies can be integrated into power grids for daily energy needs.

Solar panels can power water pumps for agriculture in remote areas without grid electricity.

Non-conventional energy sources offer environmental benefits like reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

They contribute to energy diversification, economic benefits, and sustainable development.

Off-grid solar power systems can provide electricity to millions of households in rural India.

Government schemes in India promote the adoption and development of non-conventional energy sources.

The National Solar Mission aims to achieve 175 GW of solar power capacity by 2022.

Transcripts

hello listeners welcome to the next

topic of the module which is

non-conventional energy sources

non-conventional energy sources are also

known as renewable energy sources so

these forms of energy originates from

natural and sustainable processes that

are continuously replaced so these

sources are considered non-conventional

because they differ from traditional

fossil fuels like as coal oil and

natural gases which are finite in number

and contribute to the environmental

degradation solar energy wind energy

hydroelectric energy biomass and

geothermal energy are a few examples of

non-conventional energy sources so when

we talk about solar energy we refer to

solar power that harnesses the energy

from the Sun using photovoltaic cells

are called as solar panels converting

the sunlight into electricity solar

energy is abundant in nature which may

need to utilize more this can be

harnessed through various Technologies

such as solar panels water heaters and

concentrated Solar Power

Systems the next is wind energy where

giant wind turbines capture kinetic

energy from the wind and convert it into

electricity

this wind power is a mature technology

used in both onshore and offshore

installations globally this is one of

the fastest growing renewable energy

sources the third one is about

hydroelectric energy or Hydro power or

hydroelectric power when it comes to

hydroelectric power India has the

world's fifth largest Hydro power

capacity which is home to several large

electric power plants that generates

clean and renewable electricity in our

country there are more than 197 hydrop

power plants which are capable of

producing more than 25 megaw of

electricity so this hydroelectric power

is usually generated by The Binding of

energy in flowing water typically

through big dams on rivers or by using

the natural flow of water

in India there are a few of the most

significant hydroelectric power projects

such as the hakun Hydro power complex

the coana hydroelectric project and the

three syum Dam which are running the

hirakud hydrop power complex has an

installed capacity of 2400 megaw while

the Kaa hydroelectric project generates

about 1900 megaw and the three syum Dam

produces approxim o imately 1600

megawatt the next is about biomass

energy biomass refers to any organic

materials like wood agricultural residue

and wastes that can be used as a f fuel

to generate heat or

electricity biomass energy can be

produced through combustion fermentation

or biochemical

conversions processes like anerobic

digestion

a few of the types of biomass which are

found in India are agricultural

residuales these may include the crop

residues such as the rice straw wheat

straw sugar can Baggers and corn straws

these residues can be used for

generating electricity cooking purposes

and heating purposes under the ministry

of new and renewable energy the ntion

bio energy program which constitutes a

pathway to

energy this program focuses on energy

generation from Urban industrial and

agricultural waste

residues the second program is the

biomass program a scheme to support the

liquid pallet manufacturing and also

promotes the biomass based Cur

generation in

Industries the third program which

encompasses both biomass and biog gas

programs the last aspect which is about

geothermal energy the geothermal power

which harnesses the heat from within the

Earth to generate the electricity or to

provide a heating and cooling

mechanism It generally utilizes the

Earth's internal heat through geothermal

power plants heat pumps and direct use

applications like Hot Springs

the next topic is about wave energy and

wave power which utilizes the energy

from motion of the waves to generate the

electricity wave energy converts the

kinetic energy of waves into electric

powers various technologies have been

developed for wave energy conversion

such as Point absorbers oscillating

water columns and

ators in nonconventional energy

resources wave energy finds profound

uses including electricity generation

Heating and Cooling

transportations water pumping and

irrigations electricity generation with

non-conventional energy sources which

involves the using Technologies such as

solar panels and turbines at

hydroelectric dams and geothermal plants

these Technologies convert the natural

resources into

electricity which can be integrated into

existing power grids to meet the daily

energy needs of homes businesses and

small scale Industries these sources

generates electricity through

Technologies such as solar panels wind

turbines hydroelectric dams geothermal

power plants and wave energy

converters solar panels can be used to

power the water pumps pumping

groundwater and

irrigation in remote areas where the

Grid electricity is not sufficiently

available this application could be

crucial for agriculture and rural

development areas providing assess to

waters for crop cultivation and

livestock needs and purposes

wanted to convey the key advantages and

benefits of using non-conventional

energy

sources these may include the

environmental benefits such as reduced

greenhouse gas

emissions improved air quality and

conservation of Natural Resources

non-conventional

resources also contributes to the

diversification of energy

sources leading to economic benefits and

sustainable

development they serve as the

instruments for bringing the electricity

to remote regions which are not

connected to the main power

stations so these offgrid Solar Power

Systems in particular May provides the

electricity that can be assessed by

millions of households in rural

India which may improve their quality of

life and support the social and economic

development I would like to mention a

few schemes under the non-conventional

energy sources in India that have

implemented initiatives to promote the

adoption and development of

non-conventional energy

sources these schemes mainly aim to

accelerate the deployment of renewable

energy

Technologies and also achieves the

country's energy security environmental

sustainability and social economic

development

goals some notable government schemes

which are under the non-conventional

energy sources in India are pradan mry

kissan urja

suraa Mutan Maha

Aban National solar Mission the national

solar Mission or jaal neeru national

solar mission was launched in 2010 to

promote solar energy deployment

Nationwide it aims to achieve 100 gaw of

solar power capacity by

2022 subsequently revised to 175

gaws thank you all for listening to this

lecture on non-conventional energy

sources

[Music]