Processo de Fabricação do Alicate

Joao Vitor

23 Apr 202104:49

Summary

TLDRThe script outlines the manufacturing process of a wrench, starting with the heating and cutting of a metal billet. It then describes hot compression molding to shape the wrench, followed by secondary hot compression and cooling. Chemical and thermal treatments are applied to relieve stress and harden the steel. The wrench undergoes abrasive polishing to refine its edges. Cold compression ensures the wrench's shape, and drilling creates holes for assembly. Broaching is used to form teeth and remove burrs. Finally, the wrench is tempered to enhance hardness and durability, and a finishing process smooths the surface, completing the wrench's production.

Takeaways

🔨 The manufacturing process of a wrench begins with the heating of a steel billet in a linear motion furnace.
♨️ The billet is then subjected to hot compression to shape it, followed by a second hot compression to refine its form.
🔩 The wrench undergoes symmetrical shaping to ensure it can fit onto bolts properly.
🔥 A chemical and thermal treatment is applied to relieve stresses and harden the steel, involving a closed furnace to maintain even temperature throughout the piece.
🛠 The wrench is polished using an abrasive material, specifically tumbling, which uses rotating abrasive chips to smooth and round the edges.
⚙️ Cold compression is applied to ensure the wrench's shape and dimensions are precise.
🗝️ Drilling processes are used to create holes in the wrench, such as the pass-through hole for the handle.
🔩 Broaching is mentioned for creating the teeth or grooves on the wrench's head, which is done through rotational and linear movement.
🔧 Milling is used to remove burrs and refine the wrench's teeth, ensuring a smooth and functional grip.
🔩 The final assembly involves securing the wrench with a pin and a screw, using machines that rotate and tighten the screw into the wrench's hole.
⚒️ The wrench is then tempered to increase its hardness and resistance, involving heating for austenitization, rapid cooling for martensitic structure, and final grinding for a smooth finish.

Q & A

What is the initial material used for manufacturing the pliers?
-The initial material used for manufacturing the pliers is a billet, which is a solid piece of metal.
What is the purpose of the linear movement in the initial stage of the process?
-The linear movement is used to cut the billet into equal lengths, ensuring uniformity for the subsequent manufacturing steps.
How are the cut billet pieces heated in the manufacturing process?
-The cut billet pieces are heated in a machine called a hot compression machine, which shapes them into the desired form.
What happens during the second hot compression process?
-During the second hot compression, the heated billet receives another function, which further refines its shape to resemble one side of the pliers.
Why are the pliers symmetrical after the hot compression processes?
-The pliers are symmetrical because the hot compression processes are designed to create a mirror image on both sides, ensuring that each half of the pliers is identical.
What is the purpose of the chemical and thermal treatment in the pliers manufacturing process?
-The chemical and thermal treatment is used to relieve stresses in the steel and to attract refractory materials, ensuring uniform temperature distribution across the piece.
How does the tumbling process contribute to the finishing of the pliers?
-The tumbling process uses abrasive materials to round off the corners and polish the pliers. The piece rotates in constant movement, and the abrasive chips polish the pliers.
What is the purpose of the cold compression after the tumbling process?
-The cold compression is used to ensure the final shape and size of the pliers, with the upper part of the machine pressing down on the piece to guarantee the form.
How is the hole for the pivot created in the pliers?
-The hole for the pivot is created using a drilling process, where the pliers are held in place and a drill bit removes the material to form the hole.
What is the function of the broaching process in the manufacturing of pliers?
-The broaching process is used to create the serrated edges or teeth on the jaws of the pliers. It involves a tool with teeth that move rotationally and linearly, cutting into the pliers to form the serrations.
What is the final process that the pliers undergo before they are considered complete?
-The final process the pliers undergo is tempering, which increases the hardness and resistance of the piece. This involves heating to organize the metal crystals (austenitization), followed by rapid cooling to achieve a martensitic structure, and finally, a process called burnishing to produce smooth surfaces.

Outlines

00:00

🔨 Manufacturing Process of a Knife

João Vitor Irei introduces the knife manufacturing process. It starts with a steel billet being cut into bars. These bars are heated and then compressed using a hot compression machine. The heated billet is shaped into the base form of the knife. After the initial compression, the knife goes through a second hot compression to refine its shape. The knife then undergoes chemical and thermal treatment in a closed furnace to relieve stress and ensure uniform temperature. It is then polished using abrasive materials, specifically tumbling, which involves rotating the knife against abrasive chips to smoothen the edges and corners. Cold compression is applied to ensure the knife retains its shape. The script also mentions drilling and threading processes, where holes are made for pins and screws to secure the knife components. Finally, the knife undergoes a tempering process to increase hardness and resistance, involving heating for austenitization, rapid cooling for martensitic structure, and finishing with a grinding process for smooth surfaces.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Billet

A billet is a semi-finished metal product that is shaped into a rectangular or square cross-section. In the context of the video, the billet is the starting material for the manufacturing process of a plier. The script mentions the billet being fed into the linear movement machine, which is the initial step in the plier's production.

💡Hot Compression

Hot compression is a metalworking process where the material is subjected to compressive forces while it is in a heated state. This process is used to shape the material and improve its mechanical properties. In the video, hot compression is used to shape the heated billet into the desired form of the plier. The script describes a machine where the billet is compressed with pressure and speed.

💡Cold Forging

Cold forging is a manufacturing process in which metal is shaped at room temperature, typically using a press or hammering. It is used to achieve a high level of precision and strength in the final product. The script refers to a 'cold compression' step, which likely refers to cold forging, to ensure the plier maintains its shape and form after the initial hot working.

💡Chemical and Thermal Treatment

Chemical and thermal treatment is a process used to alter the physical properties of a material, such as its hardness, toughness, or resistance to corrosion. In the video, this treatment is applied to the plier to relieve stresses and to prepare it for further processing. The script mentions a closed furnace used for this purpose, indicating a controlled environment for the treatment.

💡Tumbling

Tumbling is a finishing process where the workpiece is placed in a rotating barrel with an abrasive material. This process smooths and polishes the surface of the workpiece by the abrasive action of the tumbling media. The script describes the tumbling process as a way to round the corners of the plier using an abrasive material.

💡Drilling

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to create round holes in a solid material. In the context of the video, drilling is used to create holes in the plier for the pivot pin and other components. The script mentions 'drilling' and 'pilot hole', indicating the process of making holes for assembly purposes.

💡Threading

Threading is the process of cutting a helical groove, or thread, into a cylindrical object like a rod or a nut. This allows for the creation of screw threads that can be used to fasten parts together. The script refers to 'threading' as the process of creating grooves on the plier to form the teeth, which are essential for gripping.

💡Burr Removal

Burr removal is the process of removing small, unwanted projections of material left behind after a manufacturing process, such as casting, forging, or machining. In the video, burrs are removed from the plier to ensure a smooth and finished appearance. The script mentions 'deburring' as a step in the plier's production.

💡Tempering

Tempering is a heat treatment process used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. It involves heating the material to a specific temperature below its critical point and then cooling it in a controlled manner. The script describes tempering as a process to increase the hardness and resistance of the plier, involving heating and rapid cooling to achieve a martensitic structure.

💡Grinding

Grinding is a material removal process that creates a smooth surface by rubbing the workpiece against an abrasive surface. In the video, grinding is used as a final finishing step to achieve smooth surfaces on the plier. The script mentions a 'grinder', which is a machine used to grind the plier to its final finish.

💡Assembly

Assembly is the process of joining individual components to create a complete product. In the context of the video, assembly involves attaching the pivot pin and other parts to the plier to make it functional. The script describes the assembly process, where machines are used to place and secure the components of the plier.

Highlights

Introduction to the manufacturing process of a wrench.

Starting with the cost of the billet, the raw material is fed into a linear movement machine.

Cutting the billet to equal lengths to ensure uniformity in the manufacturing process.

Heating the billet to prepare it for the next stage of manufacturing.

Using a hot compression machine to shape the billet into a rough form of the wrench.

The upper position of the billet is lifted and pressed with speed to impact the hot billet into the desired shape.

The wrench is then subjected to a second hot compression to refine its shape.

Removal of burrs is done to smoothen the wrench's edges.

The wrench undergoes chemical and thermal treatment to relieve stresses and improve its structure.

The use of a closed furnace to maintain even temperature distribution across the steel.

Polishing the wrench using abrasive material, specifically tumble polishing.

Advantages of tumble polishing include the ability to process many pieces in one cycle.

Cold compression is used to ensure the wrench maintains its shape and form.

Drilling process to create a hole in the wrench for assembly purposes.

The use of a broaching process to create grooves and teeth on the wrench's head.

Milling process to remove burrs and refine the wrench's shape on the other side.

Assembly process where a pin and a screw are used to secure the wrench.

The final step of tempering the wrench to increase its hardness and resistance.

The tempering process involves heating, rapid cooling, and final smoothing to achieve a smooth finish.

The wrench is finished with a grinding process to achieve a final smooth and polished surface.