Genetic Engineering in 6 minutes | What Is Genetic Engineering? | Genetics | Simplilearn
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the fascinating world of genetic engineering, explaining how it can enhance traits in animals and plants by altering DNA. It discusses the creation of GMOs for various purposes, including disease resistance in animals and improved crop yields. The script also touches on the role of AI in accelerating genetic research and the ethical considerations surrounding GMOs. The video concludes with a trivia question about the first genetically modified organism, piquing viewers' curiosity.
Takeaways
- 𧬠Genetic engineering involves altering an organism's DNA by adding or removing genes to create a new gene framework with desirable traits.
- πΎ Traits like shiny fur in Samoyeds or loyalty in Golden Retrievers are influenced by an organism's genes.
- π± The technology can be applied to both animals and plants, as they both possess DNA structures.
- π§ͺ Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are the result of genetic engineering, which can enhance or eliminate certain characteristics.
- π¬ The field of genetic engineering became more accessible with Bob Fraley's work on transforming plant cells with new DNA fragments in the 1980s.
- πΎ Genetic engineering is used to modify crops for increased productivity, nutritional value, and disease resistance.
- π It enables the production of medications, vaccines, enzymes, and hormones at a reduced cost by manipulating microorganisms and plant materials.
- πΏ Biofuels can be produced from bioengineered energy crops that grow rapidly and can be converted into various fuel types.
- π GMO animals are often used in scientific experiments or for human consumption, like the genetically modified salmon.
- β οΈ There are risks associated with genetic engineering, including potential allergies, gene spread to non-GMO organisms, and unanticipated genetic deficiencies.
Q & A
What is genetic engineering?
-Genetic engineering is the process of altering a DNA structure by either adding or removing genes from it to form a newer gene framework with desirable characteristics. It can be applied to both animals and plants.
What is a GMO?
-A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is the resultant organism after its DNA structure has been altered through genetic engineering.
Who were the pioneers in transforming plant cells with new DNA fragments?
-Bob Fraley was among the pioneers who transformed plant cells with new DNA fragments in the early 1980s.
How does genetic engineering differ from traditional breeding?
-While traditional breeding involves selective mating to enhance certain traits over generations, genetic engineering allows for the direct alteration of an organism's DNA to introduce or remove specific characteristics.
What are the two variations of genetic engineering mentioned in the script?
-The first variant involves fusing an organism's original DNA with foreign genes to introduce new characteristics. The second type involves the removal of certain genes to eliminate unwanted behaviors or characteristics.
How does machine learning facilitate genetic engineering?
-Machine learning models, like those used by Google's DeepVariant and Deep Genomics, accelerate genome structure experiments and make gene sequencing projects easier to mass propagate.
What is gene cloning and how is it used in medical fields?
-Gene cloning is the process of creating an exact duplicate of base DNA material. It is especially helpful in medical fields for rapid testing of vaccines and serums.
In what ways is genetic engineering used in agriculture?
-Genetic engineering is used to modify crop plants to increase productivity, nutritional value, protein content, resistance to disease, and fertilizer usage.
How does genetic engineering contribute to the production of medications and vaccines?
-Genetic engineering allows for the generation of large quantities of important medications, vaccines, enzymes, and hormones at minimal cost by manipulating microorganisms and plant-based materials.
What are the potential risks associated with genetic engineering?
-Potential risks include unexpected allergy risks from GMO foods, the spread of genetically altered foreign DNA to non-GMO plants and animals, and unanticipated genetic deficiencies or diseases in genetically modified animals.
What was the first genetically modified organism created in 1974?
-The first genetically modified organism created in 1974 was a mouse.
Outlines
𧬠The Wonders of Genetic Engineering
This paragraph introduces the concept of genetic engineering, explaining how traits like shiny fur in Samoyeds or loyalty in Golden Retrievers are influenced by an organism's genes. It discusses the potential of extracting and transferring desirable genetic traits to enhance immunity, prevent diseases, and improve agricultural productivity. Genetic engineering is defined as the manipulation of an organism's DNA by adding or removing genes to create a new genetic framework with beneficial characteristics. The paragraph also touches on the historical development of genetic engineering, starting with the work of Bob Fraley in the 1980s, and the advancements in biotechnology that have made direct DNA alteration possible. It mentions two types of genetic engineering: one that fuses an organism's DNA with foreign genes to introduce new traits, and another that removes genes to eliminate undesirable characteristics. The paragraph concludes by highlighting the role of AI and machine learning in accelerating genetic research and the cloning of genes for medical applications.
π± Applications and Concerns of Genetic Engineering
The second paragraph delves into the practical applications of genetic engineering, such as modifying crop plants to increase yield, nutritional value, and resistance to diseases. It also mentions the production of medications, vaccines, enzymes, and hormones through genetic manipulation of microorganisms and plant materials. The paragraph further discusses the creation of biofuels from engineered energy crops and the use of GMO animals in scientific research and for human consumption. However, it also raises concerns about the potential risks associated with genetic engineering, including the possibility of unexpected allergies, the spread of foreign DNA to non-GMO organisms, and the potential for genetically modified animals to have unforeseen genetic deficiencies. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of thorough research and careful moderation of genetic engineering experiments to prevent long-term harm. It concludes with a question about the first genetically modified organism created in 1974, inviting viewers to participate in a quiz and engage with the content.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Genetic Engineering
π‘DNA
π‘GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)
π‘Gene Cloning
π‘Machine Learning
π‘Genome
π‘Recombinant DNA Technology
π‘Tissue Culture Techniques
π‘Biofuels
π‘Risks of Genetic Engineering
Highlights
Household animals exhibit traits like shinier fur and strong immunity, which are influenced by their genetic makeup.
Certain dog breeds like Golden Retrievers are known for loyalty and human friendliness, while Samoyeds are recognized for their superior fur quality.
Life expectancy varies significantly between regions, such as African countries compared to North American nations, which may relate to genetic factors.
Genetic engineering can extract desirable qualities from one organism's genes and introduce them into others to spread these characteristics.
Removing genes associated with blood-related diseases can potentially eliminate such vulnerabilities in animals.
Agricultural profitability could be increased by genetically enhancing crops to reduce negative effects and improve yield.
Genetic engineering is the process of altering DNA by adding or removing genes to create organisms with desirable traits.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are the result of genetic engineering applied to both animals and plants.
Bob Fraley's work in the 1980s laid the foundation for the production and study of genetically engineered organisms.
Breeding techniques have been used for years to modify animal features, but recent biotechnology advancements allow direct DNA alteration.
There are two main types of genetic engineering: fusion of foreign genes to introduce new traits, and removal of genes to eliminate unwanted characteristics.
Machine learning and AI have accelerated genome studies and made drug testing and gene sequencing projects more efficient.
Sophia Genetics uses AI models to prescribe personalized medications for cancer patients and other diseases.
Gene cloning is used to create exact DNA duplicates, which is beneficial for rapid testing of medical treatments like vaccines.
Genetic engineering is used to modify crop plants for increased productivity, nutritional value, and disease resistance.
Vaccines created with gene cloning technology are safe and free from contaminants.
Biofuels can be produced from bioengineered energy crops that grow rapidly and can be converted into various fuel types.
GMO animals are primarily used in scientific experiments to study gene functions and their impact on health and disease.
There are risks associated with genetic engineering, such as potential allergic reactions and the spread of foreign DNA to non-GMO organisms.
Genetically modified animals may have unforeseen genetic deficiencies or diseases, necessitating thorough research and regulation.
The first genetically modified organism created in 1974 was a mouse, marking a significant milestone in genetic engineering.
Transcripts
you must have seen some breeds of
household animals having especially
shinier fur or strong immunity to
certain diseases
you must have heard that golden
retrievers are one of the most loyal and
human friendly dogs whereas Samoyeds are
the ones that have one of the best furs
according to surveys even life
expectancy in African countries is
substantially lower than a North
American nations what kind of
characteristics affect these
fluctuations
most of these characteristics come from
the organism's genes or their DNA
structure to be specific
what if there was a way to extract these
desirable qualities from their genes and
give them to other organisms to spread
these characteristics
if a particular animal is at risk of
blood-related diseases removing the gene
that forces this vulnerability will help
remove this problem
similarly the agriculture industry would
be much more profitable if we could
enhance existing crops to reduce their
unnecessary effects
all of this is possible using genetic
engineering so what is genetic
engineering
genetic engineering is the process of
altering a DNA structure by either
adding or removing genes from it to form
a newer Gene framework with desirable
characteristics it can be applied to
both animals and plants since both are
living organisms with their own DNA
structures
the resultant organism is often called a
GMO a genetically modified organism
the production and study of genetically
engineered organisms became possible
after Bob Fraley among others
transformed plant cells with new DNA
fragments in the early 1980s humans have
been modifying creatures through
breeding for a long time
over many years breeders have had
techniques that make for certain animal
features such as corn cows and even dogs
but recent developments in biotechnology
have made it possible for researchers to
directly alter the DNA of animals plants
and microbes
there are usually two variations of
genetic engineering the first variant
has the original DNA structure of an
organism fused with some foreign genes
to introduce newer characteristics or
features in the resultant GMO for
example plant genes are often used with
certain germicidal cells to facilitate
long-term growth
the second type features the removal of
certain genes from a DNA structure to
eliminate certain Behavior or
characteristics that may be unwanted in
the GMO
for example removing a particular gene
or enzyme from a species reduces its
chances of falling prey to cancerous
tumors
with so much investment in digital
Scientology scientists don't have to
create thousands of experiments and
store them physically
experiments on genome structures are
further accelerated and easier to mass
propagate since the Advent of machine
learning and artificial learning
organizations like Google's deep variant
and deep genomics have machine learning
models to facilitate easier drug tests
and Gene sequencing projects another
institution Sophia genetics has made
progress using AI models to prescribe
personalized medications for cancer
patients and other diseases
scientists have also been able to
perform gene cloning which is
essentially the process of creating an
exact duplicate of Base DNA material
this is especially helpful in medical
Fields where gene cloning can accelerate
the rapid testing of vaccines and serums
but where does genetic engineering find
its use in today's world
1. genetic engineering technology is
widely used to modify crop plants
genotypes to increase their productivity
nutritional value protein content
resistance to disease and fertilizer
usage High yielding grain holes and
vegetable crops can be produced using
recombinant DNA technology and tissue
culture techniques two it is possible to
generate large quantities of important
medications vaccines enzymes and
hormones at minimal cost by manipulating
microorganisms and plant-based materials
vaccines created with gene cloning
technology do not possess any
contaminants and are completely safe
three
energy crops were biofuels that produce
large amounts of biomass that may be
turned into fuel oils alcohols diesel or
other petroleum products can now be
bioengineered to grow rapidly these
wastes can then be converted into energy
4. the majority of GMO animals are
created for use in scientific
experiments these animals serve as
models for studying the operation of
certain genes often concerning how the
genes affect health and illness however
some GMO animals like salmon fish are
created for human consumption
however there are a few risks associated
with genetic engineering the likelihood
of unexpected allergy risks from some
GMO Foods increases due to genetic
engineering another worries the
potential for the genetically altered
foreign DNA to spread to non-GMO plants
and animals
apart from food animals that have been
genetically modified may have
unanticipated genetic deficiencies or
diseases
research needs to be thorough and well
moderated before running these
experiments to avoid loss of life or
resources in the long run
so here is a question for you
which animal was the first genetically
modified organism created in 1974. one
Mouse two cat
three frog
give the correct answer in reasoning and
stand a chance to win an Amazon voucher
think about it and leave your answers in
the comments section and we will provide
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