MATERI SEJARAH XII : PERJUANGAN PEMBEBASAN IRIAN BARAT
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses Indonesia's struggle to reclaim West Irian (Irian Barat) from Dutch control after the 1949 Round Table Conference. It covers diplomatic efforts, including international negotiations and support from the UN and Asian-African countries, as well as Indonesia's economic and military confrontations with the Netherlands. The decisive moment came with President Soekarno's Trikora campaign in 1961, leading to the formation of a military command. The conflict culminated in the 1962 New York Agreement, transferring West Irian to UN control, and later, a 1969 referendum officially integrated the region into Indonesia.
Takeaways
- ๐ Indonesia fought to reclaim West Irian after the 1949 Round Table Conference (KMB) agreement, which had promised to transfer the territory to Indonesia within a year.
- ๐ค Diplomatic efforts were made, including addressing the issue at the United Nations General Assembly, though Indonesia felt the UN was not firm in resolving the matter.
- ๐ Indonesia received support from countries at the Asian-African Conference for its stance on West Irian.
- ๐๏ธ On August 17, 1945, President Soekarno declared West Irian as part of Indonesia and established it as one of the provinces, with its capital in Tidore.
- ๐ผ In February 1958, the Indonesian government formed the National Front for the Liberation of West Irian.
- ๐ธ Economic confrontations included voiding economic activities with the Dutch and nationalizing Dutch-owned companies in Indonesia.
- โ๏ธ Indonesia prepared for military conflict, purchasing weapons from the Soviet Union, while the Dutch sent their warship Karel Doorman.
- ๐ข On December 19, 1961, President Soekarno launched the 'Trikora' or 'Peopleโs Triple Command,' calling for the failure of the Dutch plan to create a puppet state in Papua.
- ๐ The New York Agreement on August 15, 1962, transferred control of West Irian to the United Nations Temporary Authority (UNTEA), leading to an eventual referendum.
- ๐ On May 1, 1963, West Irian was officially handed over to Indonesia, with the UN Security Forces overseeing the transition and referendum, which ultimately showed West Irian's desire to stay with Indonesia.
Q & A
What was the result of the Round Table Conference regarding West Irian?
-The Round Table Conference in 1949 determined that West Irian should be handed over to Indonesia within a year of the conference. However, this did not happen by the deadline, leading to further actions by the Indonesian government.
What diplomatic efforts did Indonesia make to resolve the West Irian issue?
-Indonesia brought the West Irian issue to the United Nations General Assembly and received support from countries in the Asian-African Conference. Diplomatic efforts included discussions with the U.S. and suggestions for the Netherlands to hand over West Irian to Indonesia through the UN.
Why was Indonesia disappointed with the United Nations' approach to the West Irian issue?
-Indonesia was disappointed because the UN did not take a decisive stance, and the proposed two-year period for the Netherlands to hand over West Irian to Indonesia was seen as too lenient.
How did Indonesia receive support for its claim to West Irian?
-Indonesia gained strong support from the countries present at the Asian-African Conference for its efforts to claim West Irian.
What were Indonesia's economic actions against the Netherlands regarding West Irian?
-Indonesia initiated an economic confrontation, which involved halting economic activities related to the Netherlands and nationalizing various Dutch companies in Indonesia.
What was the significance of President Sukarno's Trikora declaration?
-Trikora, or the People's Triple Command, was declared by President Sukarno in 1961. It aimed to thwart the creation of a Dutch puppet state in Papua, raise the Indonesian flag in West Irian, and prepare for a general mobilization.
What were the three phases of Indonesia's military operations to liberate West Irian?
-The military operations were carried out in three phases: infiltration (sending troops covertly to West Irian), exploitation (open attacks on Dutch positions), and consolidation (establishing Indonesian sovereignty over West Irian).
What was the outcome of the New York Agreement regarding West Irian?
-The New York Agreement, signed on August 15, 1962, stipulated that West Irian would be handed over to the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA), and a referendum, known as the Act of Free Choice, would be held before the end of 1969.
When was West Irian officially handed over to Indonesia?
-West Irian was officially handed over to Indonesia on May 1, 1963, following the United Nations' administration under UNTEA.
What was the outcome of the Act of Free Choice in West Irian?
-The Act of Free Choice, held between July 14 and August 2, 1969, resulted in the majority of the West Irian population voting to remain part of Indonesia. The United Nations recognized this result on September 19, 1969.
Outlines
๐ฎ๐ฉ The Struggle for Irian Barat: Diplomacy and Conflict
This paragraph discusses Indonesia's efforts to reclaim Irian Barat (Western New Guinea) following the 1949 Round Table Conference (Konferensi Meja Bundar). Although the agreement stipulated that Irian Barat should be transferred to Indonesia within a year, diplomatic and political struggles persisted. Indonesia brought the issue to the United Nations General Assembly but was disappointed by the lack of firm support. The country received backing from the Bandung Conference (Asia-Africa Conference), and on August 17, 1945, President Soekarno declared Irian Barat as an official province of Indonesia. Subsequent efforts included economic and military confrontations, such as nationalizing Dutch companies and preparing for potential military conflict with the Netherlands by securing Soviet military support. The paragraph culminates with President Soekarnoโs declaration of Trikora (Three Commands of the People) in 1961 to block the establishment of a Dutch puppet state in Papua and mobilize military action.
๐ณ๏ธ Transfer of Irian Barat to Indonesia: A Historic Moment
This paragraph details the formal transfer of Irian Barat to Indonesia on May 1, 1963, symbolized by the raising of both the United Nations and Indonesian flags. The United Nations sent a security force (UNSF) led by General Said Uddin from Pakistan to maintain peace. Between July 14 and August 2, 1969, the Act of Free Choice (Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat), or Pepera, was held in Jayapura, with the majority of Irian Baratโs population choosing to remain part of Indonesia. The result was ratified by the United Nations on September 19, 1969, marking a successful conclusion to the struggle for the region. The paragraph concludes with expressions of gratitude to viewers and hope that the lesson on Irian Barat's history was informative.
Mindmap
Keywords
๐กIrian Barat
๐กKonferensi Meja Bundar
๐กDiplomasi
๐กTrikora
๐กFront Nasional Pembebasan Irian Barat
๐กKonfrontasi Ekonomi
๐กKomando Mandala
๐กPerjanjian New York
๐กPenentuan Pendapat Rakyat
๐กPBB
Highlights
The Indonesian government initiated efforts to reclaim West Irian following the Round Table Conference of 1949.
Despite agreements, the issue of West Irian remained unresolved, prompting the Indonesian government to take further diplomatic actions.
One significant diplomatic effort involved the United Nations, where the United States played a mediating role.
A proposal from the United Nations suggested that West Irian be transferred to Indonesia within two years, which disappointed Indonesia.
The issue was discussed at the Asian-African Conference, where Indonesia received full support from attending nations.
On August 17, 1945, President Sukarno announced the formation of West Irian as a province, with Tidore as its capital.
In 1958, the Indonesian government formed the National Front for the Liberation of West Irian.
Economic confrontation began, targeting Dutch economic interests in Indonesia through nationalization and other measures.
Military confrontations were prepared, with Indonesia strengthening its military forces and acquiring arms from the Soviet Union.
President Sukarno issued the Trikora, or the Three People's Command, on December 19, 1961, to oppose Dutch control over Papua.
The Indonesian government initiated a three-phase military plan to infiltrate and gradually control West Irian by the end of 1962.
A major diplomatic breakthrough occurred with the signing of the New York Agreement on August 15, 1962.
The United Nations assumed temporary authority over West Irian, paving the way for a referendum by 1969.
On May 1, 1963, West Irian was officially transferred to Indonesia, symbolized by the raising of the Indonesian flag.
A referendum, the Act of Free Choice (Pepera), took place between July and August 1969, with the majority of West Irian's population voting to remain with Indonesia.
Transcripts
Halo Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi
Wabarakatuh Bagaimana kabar kalian pada
hari ini kita semua selalu dalam keadaan
sehat pada hari ini kita akan membahas
tentang perjuangan merebut Irian Barat
dipersembahkan oleh sesuai hasil
perundingan Konferensi Meja Bundar Irian
Barat seharusnya diserahkan setahun
sejak kita datangnya Konferensi Meja
Bundar pada tahun 1949 namun hingga
batas waktu yang dibutuhkan masalah
Irian Barat segera terselesaikan hingga
akhirnya pemerintah mengambil berbagai
upaya diantaranya melalui diplomasi dan
juga melalui konfrontasi melalui upaya
diplomasi masalah Irian Barat di bawah
dalam sidang Majelis umum PBB
Hai size by jutaan mengirim duta besar
Amerika Serikat yang website ke untuk
membantu menyelesaikan masalah Irian
Barat Agus funker mengusulkan agar
Belanda menyerahkan Irian Barat kepada
Indonesia melalui PBB dalam waktu 2
tahun hal ini mengecewakan pemerintah
Indonesia yang nganggap PBB tidak
bersikap tegas terhadap masalah Irian
Barat Selain itu masalah Irian Barat
dibicarakan dalam Konferensi Asia Afrika
dan Indonesia mendapat dukungan penuh
dari negara yang hadir pada tanggal 17
Agustus 1945 Presiden Soekarno
mengumumkan pembentukan Provinsi Irian
Barat sebagai salah satu dari 23
provinsi dengan ibukota Saudi Tidore
xeniel abidinsyah dipilih
label pertamanya pada tanggal 8 Februari
1958 pemerintah membentuk Front Nasional
pembebasan Irian Barat pada tanggal 17
Agustus 1945 tik dengan Belanda upaya
selanjutnya dilakukan dengan konfrontasi
ekonomi konfrontasi ekonomi dilakukan
dengan memvoid waktu kegiatan ekonomi
yang berhubungan dengan Belanda dan
mengenal sosialisasi berbagai perusahaan
di negara di Indonesia upaya selanjutnya
adalah konfrontasi militer Indonesia
persiapkan kekuatan militer untuk
menghadapi kemungkinan terjadinya
peperangan dengan Belanda di
satunya adalah dengan membeli senjata
dari Uni Soviet Adapun Belanda segera
mengirim kapal perangnya Karel doorman
untuk menghadapi Indonesia pada tanggal
19 Des 1961 Presiden Soekarno
mencanangkan Trikora atau tri Komando
rakyat yang berisi satu gagalkan
pembentukan negara boneka Papua buatan
Belanda buah Kibarkan sang merah putih
di Dian barat dan 3 persiapan untuk
mobilisasi umum pada tanggal dua Januari
1962 Presiden Soekarno membentuk Komando
Mandala operasi pembebasan Irian Barat
dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu tahap
istrasi yang merupakan tahap memasukkan
pasukan TNI ke dalam wilayah Irian Barat
untuk menguasai wilayah Irian Barat
secara perlahan dan tersembunyi tapi ini
dilakukan hingga akhir tahun
Hai 1962 selanjutnya tahap eksploitasi
yang merupakan tahap Sangat terbuka
terhadap pos-pos pertahanan Belanda tapi
ini dilakukan hingga akhir tahun 1993
selanjutnya tahap konsolidasi yang
merupakan tahap menegakkan kedaulatan
kylian barat tapi ini dilakukan sejak
awal tahun 1964 hingga perjuangan
pengembalian Irian Barat akhirnya
berhasil mendesak Belanda untuk duduk
bersama Indonesia hasilnya adalah
perjanjian New York pada tanggal 15
Agustus 2012 sih satu kekuasaan Irian
Barat akan diserahkan kepada juneya atau
United Nations temporary authority dua
akan diadakan peperangan atau Penentuan
Pendapat Rakyat di Irian Barat sebelum
akhir tahun 19
2009 pada tanggal 1.mei 1963 Irian Barat
secara resmi diserahkan kepada Indonesia
kekuasaan ditandai dengan pengibaran
bendera juneya bersama bendera merah
putih selanjutnya PBB menurunkan pasukan
unsf atau United Nations security Forces
dibawah pimpinan Jendral Said bukan dari
Pakistan untuk menjaga keamanan pilihan
barat dan wa perah atau Penentuan
Pendapat Rakyat diadakan sejak tanggal
14 Juli 1969 sampai2 Agustus 1969 di
Jayapura hasil Pepera menunjukkan bahwa
Mayoritas penduduk Irian Barat
menginginkan tetap bergabung dengan
Indonesia hasil
cerah bisa kan PBB pada tanggal 19
September 1969 Terima kasih telah
menyaksikan video safety as semoga
pembelajaran pada hari ini bermanfaat
tunggu video selanjutnya
wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
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