Pallas’s Cat: The Original Grumpy Cat

Animalogic
12 Oct 201806:48

Summary

TLDR这段视频介绍了一种名为“宫猫”的小型猫科动物,它们生活在极端的喜马拉雅山脉和欧亚大草原上。宫猫是自成一属的唯一现存物种,与豹猫是近亲。它们的耳朵短圆,毛发随季节变化,以适应环境。宫猫有着圆形的瞳孔,与人类相似,这让它们看起来更具表情。它们是白天活动的捕食者,主要以啮齿类动物为食。尽管宫猫看起来像家猫,但它们与家猫的共同祖先生活在620万年前。宫猫目前面临近危的保护状态,受到栖息地破坏和盗猎的威胁。

Takeaways

  • 🐱 帕拉斯猫(Palace's cats)是一种生活在恶劣环境中的小型猫科动物,主要分布在欧亚大草原,从蒙古沙漠到喜马拉雅山脉。
  • 🏔️ 它们是唯一存活的自动属(Autocalibus)成员,与豹猫是近亲,共同祖先生活在约600万年前。
  • 🚫 帕拉斯猫不适合家养,尽管它们与家猫有相似之处,但它们的共同祖先生活在620万年前。
  • 🎩 帕拉斯猫的名字来源于首次正式描述它们的德国博物学家彼得·西蒙·帕拉斯(Peter Simon Pallas),学名Autocalibus manual意味着‘丑陋的耳朵’。
  • 👂 帕拉斯猫的耳朵短而圆,适合它们大部分时间隐藏的生活习性,与大多数猫科动物的大尖耳朵不同。
  • 🌈 它们的毛色随季节变化,冬季呈灰色,夏季变为橙棕色,以适应栖息地环境。
  • 😺 帕拉斯猫被认为是世界上最富有表情的猫之一,部分原因是它们有圆形瞳孔,类似于人类。
  • 👁️ 圆形瞳孔通常出现在追逐猎物的动物中,而帕拉斯猫是伏击型猎手,这种瞳孔结构有助于它们在不同高度寻找猎物和警惕天敌。
  • 🕵️ 帕拉斯猫是白天活动的捕食者,主要以鼠类和偶尔的小鸟或年幼的土拨鼠为食。
  • 🐿️ 它们最喜欢的猎物是土拨鼠,因为捕捉一只大型猎物比捕捉几只小型猎物更高效。
  • 👶 帕拉斯猫的繁殖能力较低,每年发情期仅1至2天,生活在极低密度下,交配困难。
  • 🛑 帕拉斯猫目前被列为近危物种,面临栖息地破坏和盗猎的威胁。

Q & A

  • 帕拉斯猫属于哪个科属,它们的近亲是什么?

    -帕拉斯猫是小猫科Autocalibus属的唯一现存成员,它们的最近亲属是豹猫,两者最后的共同祖先大约在600万年前。

  • 帕拉斯猫的学名是什么,它意味着什么?

    -帕拉斯猫的学名是Autocalibus manul。'Autocalibus'意为“丑耳”,尽管这个命名可能有争议。

  • 为什么帕拉斯猫不适合作为宠物养?

    -尽管帕拉斯猫可能看起来像家猫,但它们与家猫最后的共同祖先生活在约620万年前,因此它们野性较强,不适合家养。

  • 帕拉斯猫的耳朵有什么独特之处?

    -与大多数其他猫不同,帕拉斯猫的耳朵短而圆,这有助于它们隐藏,避免在捕猎时被猎物或天敌发现。

  • 帕拉斯猫的毛色如何随季节变化?

    -帕拉斯猫的毛色随季节变化,在冬季更灰,在夏季则变为更偏橙棕色,以便更好地融入环境。

  • 为什么说帕拉斯猫是世界上最具表情的猫?

    -帕拉斯猫被认为是世界上最具表情的猫之一,主要是因为它们与其他小型猫不同的瞳孔形状——圆形瞳孔,给人一种更加人性化的表情。

  • 帕拉斯猫的狩猎方式与其他猫科动物有何不同?

    -尽管帕拉斯猫是伏击猎手,但它们有圆形而非垂直裂缝瞳孔。这可能是因为它们生活的地域变化大,需要更好的整体视觉来寻找不同高度的猎物和监视天敌。

  • 帕拉斯猫主要捕食哪些动物?

    -帕拉斯猫主要以啮齿动物为食,如旱獭和鼠兔,偶尔也会捕食小鸟或幼年旱獭。它们最喜欢的猎物是鼠兔。

  • 帕拉斯猫的繁殖情况如何?

    -帕拉斯猫的发情期仅为一年中的1到2天,这使得它们繁殖十分困难,与熊猫相比,它们在繁殖方面更加挑战。

  • 为什么帕拉斯猫面临灭绝的威胁?

    -帕拉斯猫面临的威胁包括栖息地的开发、猎物数量的减少、被牧羊犬捕杀等。它们目前的保护状况为近危,每年生存情况都在变得更加艰难。

Outlines

00:00

🐱 藏地山猫的神秘生活

这段视频介绍了藏地山猫(Palace's cats)这种生活在喜马拉雅山脉等极端环境中的小型猫科动物。它们是欧亚大草原上的居民,从蒙古沙漠到喜马拉雅山,是唯一存活的autocalibus属成员。它们的最近亲是豹猫,共同祖先生活在大约600万年前。视频解释了为什么人们不能拥有这种猫,它们的耳朵虽然被认为“丑陋”,但实际上是为了在藏匿时不被发现而进化出的。此外,它们的毛皮随季节变化,冬季为灰色,夏季为橙棕色,以适应环境。藏地山猫被认为是世界上最富有表情的猫之一,因为它们有着不同于其他小型猫的圆形瞳孔,这使得它们看起来更像人类。它们是白天活动的捕食者,主要以鼠类为食,但也会捕食小鸟或年轻的土拨鼠。尽管外表看起来胖乎乎的,但它们的体型实际上很小,最大的也只重约4.5公斤。它们的毛发是所有猫中密度最高的,以适应极端的温度。繁殖期非常短,每年只有一到两天,而且它们的繁殖难度很大。

05:01

🌏 藏地山猫的生存挑战

这段视频讨论了藏地山猫面临的生存挑战。由于它们的活动范围巨大,加上它们非常独居,使得它们在有限的繁殖窗口期内找到配偶变得极其困难。如果成功繁殖,它们的妊娠期为10到11周,之后母猫会制作一个用毛皮、羽毛和树叶铺垫的巢穴来保护幼崽免受极端温度的影响。幼崽出生时只有100克重,非常脆弱。藏地山猫在野外非常难以发现和研究,它们的种群数量很小,但由于它们的毛皮和内脏在传统医药中的价值,仍然遭到偷猎者的捕杀。随着人类活动侵占它们的栖息地和食物来源的减少,藏地山猫的生存状况变得更加艰难。视频呼吁人们提高对这种猫的保护意识,以帮助它们克服生存挑战。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡喜马拉雅山脉

喜马拉雅山脉是世界上最高的山脉,位于亚洲,包括珠穆朗玛峰等著名高峰。在视频中,喜马拉雅山脉被提及作为宫殿猫(Palace's cats)栖息地之一,表明这种猫适应了极端和艰难的生活环境。

💡欧亚大草原

欧亚大草原是跨越欧洲和亚洲的广阔草原地带,拥有多样的生态环境和动植物种群。视频中提到宫殿猫(Palace's cats)分布在从蒙古沙漠到喜马拉雅山脉的广泛区域内,其中包括欧亚大草原,说明它们的生存范围非常广泛。

💡自侏罗猫属

自侏罗猫属(Autocalibus)是猫科动物中的一个属,目前只有宫殿猫(Palace's cats)是该属下唯一存活的成员。这个属名来源于它们独特的特征,与其他猫科动物有所区别。

💡

💡彼得·西蒙·帕拉斯

彼得·西蒙·帕拉斯是一位德国博物学家,他首次正式描述了宫殿猫(Palace's cats),并以自己的名字命名了它们的属名。这一历史背景说明了宫殿猫的科学命名来源。

💡自侏罗猫

自侏罗猫(Autocalibus manual)是宫殿猫的学名,意为“丑陋的耳朵”,这反映了它们与其他猫科动物在外观上的差异。尽管名字中有“丑陋”二字,但实际上它们的耳朵具有适应性的功能,帮助它们在栖息地中隐蔽。

💡表情丰富

宫殿猫(Palace's cats)被称为世界上最表情丰富的猫,这不仅因为它们参差不齐的牙齿,还因为它们拥有与其他小型猫科动物不同的圆形瞳孔,这使得它们的面部表情看起来更加人性化,增加了它们的可爱和吸引力。

💡圆形瞳孔

宫殿猫拥有圆形瞳孔,这与大多数猫科动物的垂直瞳孔不同。圆形瞳孔为宫殿猫提供了更好的整体视野,有助于它们在多样化的栖息地中寻找猎物和警惕捕食者。

💡伏击猎食者

伏击猎食者是指那些通过埋伏来捕捉猎物的动物,它们通常具有垂直瞳孔,以便在捕食时控制进入眼睛的光线量。宫殿猫虽然也是伏击猎食者,但它们拥有不寻常的圆形瞳孔,这可能是因为它们需要在多变的地形中更好地寻找猎物。

💡日行性捕食者

日行性捕食者是指在白天活跃并进行猎食的动物。宫殿猫是日行性捕食者,它们主要在白天捕猎,以啮齿类动物如沙鼠和鼠兔为主食,偶尔也会捕食小型鸟类或年轻的土拨鼠。

💡繁殖困难

繁殖困难指的是动物在繁殖过程中面临的挑战,如生育率低、繁殖周期长或寻找配偶困难等。视频中提到宫殿猫的繁殖能力非常低,雌性每年只有一到两天的发情期,这使得它们在有限的时间内找到配偶变得非常困难。

💡濒危物种

濒危物种是指那些因为种群数量减少、栖息地丧失或其他威胁而面临灭绝风险的物种。宫殿猫由于栖息地被破坏、猎物数量减少以及被偷猎等原因,被列为近危物种,它们的生存状况令人担忧。

Highlights

Palace's cats是生活在喜马拉雅山脉等极端环境中的一种小型猫科动物。

Palace's cats是唯一存活的Autocalibus属的成员,与豹猫是近亲。

Palace's cats的名字来源于首次正式描述它们的德国博物学家Peter Simon Pallas。

它们的学名Autocalibus manual意味着“丑耳朵”,但这种特征实际上有助于它们在藏匿时避免被发现。

Palace's cats的毛色随季节变化,冬季呈灰色,夏季变为橙棕色,以便更好地伪装。

这种猫被认为是世界上最富有表情的猫之一,部分原因是它们有着与人类似的圆形瞳孔。

圆形瞳孔通常出现在追逐猎物的动物中,而非伏击型猎手,但Palace's cats是个例外。

Palace's cats的圆形瞳孔可能有助于它们在多变的地形中寻找猎物和警惕天敌。

它们是白天活动的捕食者,主要以鼠类和偶尔的小鸟或幼年旱獭为食。

Palace's cats不是优秀的奔跑者,它们更擅长伏击猎物。

尽管外观看起来像家猫,但Palace's cats实际上体型很小,最大的个体重量约为4.5公斤。

它们的毛发是世界上所有猫中最密集的,以适应它们所生活的极端温度。

Palace's cats的繁殖期非常短,每年只有一到两天。

由于生活在低密度区域,Palace's cats很难找到配偶。

Palace's cats在野外非常难以发现和研究,它们的种群数量很小。

偷猎者仍然捕杀Palace's cats,出售它们的皮毛和内脏用于传统医学。

Palace's cats目前被列为近危物种,随着栖息地被开发,它们的生存状况越来越困难。

Transcripts

play00:00

palace's cats may look like cute and

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lazy house cats but don't let that fool

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you they've made home to one of the most

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difficult places to live in the world

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the himalayas

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hi i'm danielle and you're watching

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animal logic palace's cats or manuel are

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a species of small cat found in the

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eurasian steppes living everywhere from

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the mongolian deserts to the himalayas

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they are the only living members of the

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autocalibus genus and their closest

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living relatives are leopard cats with

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their last common ancestor living just

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under 6 million years ago a common

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question asked about palace's cats is

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can i own one the answer is as always

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no

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and while palace's cats may resemble

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domestic cats their last common ancestor

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lived 6.2 million years ago they get

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their name from the german naturalist

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who first formally described them peter

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simon palace though their scientific

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name autocalibus manual has a much more

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interesting meaning autocolibus means

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ugly eared an assessment that

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i can't say i entirely agree with their

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so-called ugly ears do serve a purpose

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though hiding unlike most other cats

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which have big pointed ears palace's

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cat's ears are short and round this

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comes in handy when you spend most of

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your day hiding from both predators and

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prey as pointy ears would be all too

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conspicuous

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living in the steps their coats are also

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designed to blend in in the winter their

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fur is more gray and in the summer it

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becomes more of an orange brown can you

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find the palace's cat

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oh it's right there

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palace's cats have been called the most

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expressive cats in the world and while

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part of that reputation may come from

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their snaggly teeth the main reason for

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their seemingly expressive faces is

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another feature that is different from

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other small cats their pupils if you

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look closely you'll notice that unlike

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other species of small cats palace's

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cats don't have vertical slits for

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pupils and instead have round ones just

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like us this gives them somewhat of a

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more human look and is probably why

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people on the internet call them their

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spirit animal i guess they kinda

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sometimes do look like they also don't

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like mondays if anything this makes them

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the garfield of wild cats but palace's

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cats don't have round pupils so that

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reputable news sites can put together

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listicles about the 14 times palace's

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cats threw more shade than beyonce they

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have them for hunting generally speaking

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most cats with vertical pupils are

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ambush hunters with vertical pupils cats

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can control the amount of light that

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enters their eye because they can expand

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their pupils 300-fold compared to round

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pupils which can only expand about

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15-fold vertical pupils provide

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excellent vision along the y-axis and

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very good depth perception

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two things key to ambush predators they

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also tend to be found on smaller animals

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domestic cats have vertical pupils but

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lions and tigers don't this is due to

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how light enters the vertical pupil when

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the vertical pupils are closer to the

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ground there is less blur in their

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vision and the sharper the predator's

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vision the more likely they are to nab

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dinner but here's where it gets weird

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cats with circular pupils are foragers

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meaning they chase their prey but

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palace's cats are ambush hunters yet

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don't have the vertical slit pupils

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found on their relatives we're not

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entirely sure why palace's cats have

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round pupils but the leading theory is

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that since palace's cat's territory is

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so much more varied than other small

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cats ranging from deserts to planes to

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mountains

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they need the better overall vision that

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round pupils provide for finding prey at

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different elevations and for keeping an

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eye on their predators like eagles

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palace's cats are diurnal predators

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meaning that they're active during the

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day

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when hunting they feed primarily on

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rodents like gerbils and pikas with the

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occasional small bird or young marmot

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thrown in the mix their prey of choice

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though is the pika they're the largest

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animal they can consistently catch and

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it's much more efficient to catch one

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large prey than a couple small ones

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palace's cats aren't fantastic runners

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perhaps due to the difficult terrain

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they live in and are much better at

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pouncing on prey as they exit their dens

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palace's cats may look like they're fat

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cats but it's all fluff despite

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appearances they are quite small with

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the largest weighing around four and a

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half kilos about the weight of an

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average domestic cat their poofy fur

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coat is to keep them warm in the extreme

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temperatures that they live in and their

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fur is actually the densest fur of any

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cat in the world due to the extreme

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temperatures that they live in estrus or

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the period in which the female is

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fertile lasts a mind-numbing one to two

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days a year move over pandas we have a

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new worst at reproducing species

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entering the arena

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palace's cats live in very low densities

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with only four to eight cats per hundred

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square kilometers that would be like if

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you were here in toronto there would

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only be about 25 to 50 people in the

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entire city

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[Music]

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would be nice

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since their ranges are so huge and since

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they are so solitary it makes it

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incredibly difficult for them to find a

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mate in this limited time window if they

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do their gestation period is 10 to 11

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weeks after which mom will make a den

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lining it with fur feathers and leaves

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to protect the kitties from the extreme

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temperatures the kittens weigh only 100

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grams when born and are quite possibly

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the cutest things i've ever seen

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palace's cats are very difficult to find

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let alone study in the wild

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their territory is huge they're very

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good at hiding and their numbers are

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small yet despite this poachers still

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manage to catch them to sell their fur

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and guts for use in traditional medicine

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palace's cats are near threatened and

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every year life gets a little harder as

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we develop into their habitat and drive

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out their prey

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something as docile as hurting can be a

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big problem for palace's cats as herders

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need dogs which kill a lot of palace's

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cats and their prey

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it's a hard problem that's difficult to

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solve but the first step is getting the

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word out what animal should i check out

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next please let me know in the comments

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and be sure to subscribe for new

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episodes of animal logic every other

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