Chemistry and Gastronomy: A comparative analysis of soils

Summary

This video presents a comparative analysis of the soils from the gastronomy and chemistry faculties' gardens at a university. The study aims to provide insights for better cultivation and harvesting of food. Methodologies include collecting soil samples, drying, sieving, and analyzing them using vibrational spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. Results indicate the presence of elements like iron, magnesium, and calcium, with potential fertility differences noted. The study concludes with suggestions for further quantitative analysis and methodological improvements.

Takeaways

• 🌱 The project focuses on a comparative analysis of soil samples from the faculties of Gastronomy and Chemistry at a university.
• 🔬 The study aims to provide insights for better harvesting and cultivation of food crops suitable for human consumption.
• 📍 Three random points were selected from each of the Gastronomy and Chemistry gardens for soil sampling.
• 🧪 Soil samples were collected and prepared for analysis using techniques like vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence.
• 🧐 Vibrational spectroscopy, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, was used to identify minerals and chemical bonds in the soil.
• 📊 Infrared spectroscopy revealed significant peaks at 1,000 cm⁻¹ and several peaks between 600 and 400 cm⁻¹, corresponding to silicate and aluminum-oxygen bonds.
• 💧 Near-infrared spectroscopy identified peaks related to water or clay networks, but some peaks were obscured by noise or fluorescence.
• 🔍 Raman spectroscopy identified a peak at approximately 450 cm⁻¹, but other signals were affected by noise, limiting further analysis.
• 🌟 X-ray fluorescence was used for elemental analysis, revealing the presence of elements like iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, copper, nickel, and zinc in all samples.
• 📈 The intensity of certain elements varied between samples, with those from the Gastronomy faculty showing higher fertility indicators like phosphorus.
• 🔬 It is suggested that further quantitative analysis and modifications to the experimental procedures could improve the identification of elements and minerals in the soil samples.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the project described in the transcript?

The main objective of the project is to conduct a comparative analysis of the soils from the faculties of gastronomy and chemistry at the university, with the aim of providing information for harvesting and cultivation of foods that are suitable for human consumption.

What are the specific elements and compounds analyzed in the soil samples?

The soil samples were analyzed for organic carbon content, nutrients, and trace metals. The presence of these elements can indicate the type of environment the soil is in.

How were the soil samples collected for the study?

The samples were collected from three points in the Gastronomy garden and three random points in the Chemistry garden. At each point, soil samples were collected and stored in plastic Falcon tubes.

What is the significance of the 1000 cm^-1 peak found in the infrared spectroscopy analysis?

The peak at 1000 cm^-1 in the infrared spectroscopy analysis corresponds to the Si-O bond from quartz, which is significant as it helps in identifying the types of minerals present in the soil.

What challenges were encountered during the near-infrared (NIR) analysis?

The near-infrared analysis faced challenges due to noise in the spectra, which made it difficult to identify the peaks of interest.

What was the outcome of the Raman spectroscopy analysis?

The Raman spectroscopy analysis identified a peak at approximately 450 cm^-1, but other signals were too affected by noise or fluorescence to provide clear information.

What elements were consistently found in all samples using X-ray fluorescence?

All samples contained iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, copper, nickel, and zinc, as identified by X-ray fluorescence.

Why was it suggested to apply background measures in the X-ray fluorescence analysis?

It was suggested to apply background measures to detect elements like silicon and aluminum, which were not clearly identified in the analysis but are likely present in the soil.

What recommendations were made for future improvements in the analysis?

The recommendations for future improvements include doing a quantitative analysis to confirm the presence and concentration of elements, and making modifications to the analysis techniques to identify more elements.

What conclusions were drawn from the comparative analysis of the soils?

The conclusions drawn were that infrared spectroscopy provided good results for identifying minerals, but improvements could be made in NIR and Raman analyses to overcome noise issues. X-ray fluorescence identified common elements across all samples, with some samples showing higher fertility indicated by the intensity of certain elements.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Comparative Soil Analysis in University Gardens

This video segment introduces a project that conducts a comparative analysis of soil samples from the faculties of gastronomy and chemistry at a university. The goal is to provide insights into the soil's organic carbon content, nutrients, and trace metals, which can indicate the type of environment they are from. The project aims to study the soils of the gastronomy and chemistry gardens to inform cultivation practices for food production. Methodology involves collecting soil samples from three points in each garden, drying them, and then analyzing them using three different techniques: vibrational spectroscopy (including infrared and Raman spectroscopy) and X-ray fluorescence for elemental analysis. The samples are prepared and stored for corresponding analysis.

05:01

🔬 Soil Analysis Techniques and Challenges

The second paragraph delves into the technical aspects of the soil analysis, focusing on the use of vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. Infrared spectroscopy revealed significant peaks at 1,000 cm^-1 and several peaks between 600 and 400 cm^-1, which were assigned to specific bonds based on literature. The analysis faced challenges with near-infrared spectroscopy due to noise interference, limiting the identification of certain peaks. Raman spectroscopy identified a peak at approximately 450 cm^-1, but other signals were obscured by noise or fluorescence. X-ray fluorescence was used to identify elements present in all samples, such as iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, copper, nickel, and zinc. However, the analysis could be improved by applying background measures to detect elements like silicon and aluminum, which were not clearly identified in this study. The speaker suggests that a quantitative analysis could provide further evidence of the fertility of the soils, particularly in terms of phosphorus concentration.

Keywords

💡Vibrational Spectroscopy

Vibrational spectroscopy is an analytical technique that involves the study of molecular vibrations by measuring the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation. In the context of the video, this technique is used to analyze soil samples to determine their composition, particularly organic carbon content, nutrients, and trace metals. The script mentions that vibrational spectroscopy includes Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, which help in identifying the types of minerals present in the soil.

💡X-Ray Fluorescence

X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is an elemental analysis technique that measures the characteristic 'fluorescence' emitted from a sample when it is excited by X-rays. This method is used to identify and quantify elements in the soil samples discussed in the video. The script indicates that XRF was used to identify elements such as iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, copper, nickel, and zinc, which are crucial for understanding soil fertility.

💡Organic Carbon Content

Organic carbon content refers to the amount of carbon present in organic materials within the soil. It is an important indicator of soil health and fertility. In the video, the study of organic carbon content in soil samples is part of the comparative analysis between the soils of the gastronomy and chemistry faculties at the university.

💡Nutrients

Nutrients are essential elements that plants require for growth and development. In the context of the video, the analysis of soil nutrients is crucial for determining the suitability of the soil for cultivation and the types of foods that can be successfully grown. The script mentions that the study aims to provide information for harvesting and cultivation of certain foods.

💡Trace Metals

Trace metals are elements that are present in very small quantities in the soil but can significantly impact plant growth and soil health. The script discusses the analysis of trace metals in the soil samples, which can indicate the type of environment and the potential fertility of the soil.

💡Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy is a specific type of vibrational spectroscopy that focuses on the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is used to identify and study chemical compounds by analyzing the specific frequencies absorbed by molecular vibrations. In the video, infrared spectroscopy is used to identify peaks in the soil samples that correspond to certain chemical bonds, such as those found in quartz and cyanite.

💡Raman Spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is another type of vibrational spectroscopy that provides information about the vibrational modes of molecules. It is based on the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser source. In the video, Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze soil samples, although the script mentions that the signals were too affected by noise or fluorescence to provide clear results.

💡Quartz

Quartz is a common mineral composed of silicon and oxygen. It is found in various types of rocks and soils. In the video, the infrared spectroscopy results indicated the presence of quartz in the soil samples, as evidenced by specific peaks corresponding to the silicon-oxygen bond.

💡Cyanite

Cyanite is a mineral consisting of aluminium, oxygen, and hydrogen. It is mentioned in the video as one of the minerals identified in the soil samples through the analysis of peaks corresponding to the aluminium-oxygen-hydrogen bond.

💡Fertility

Fertility in the context of soil refers to its ability to support plant growth. The video discusses the fertility of the soil samples from the gastronomy and chemistry faculties, with a focus on the presence of certain elements and minerals that indicate fertility. The script mentions that the samples from the gastronomy faculty show a higher intensity of calcium, suggesting greater fertility.

💡Quantitative Analysis

Quantitative analysis is a method used to determine the amount or concentration of a substance within a sample. In the video, the script suggests that a quantitative analysis would be beneficial to confirm the concentrations of elements such as phosphorus, which is crucial for plant growth and thus an indicator of soil fertility.

Highlights

Project focuses on a comparative analysis of soil from the faculties of gastronomy and chemistry at the University.

Study aims to provide information for harvesting and cultivation of foods beneficial for human consumption.

Methodology involves collecting soil samples from six different points in two gardens.

Soil samples are prepared and stored in plastic Falcon tubes for analysis.

Three different techniques are used for analysis: vibrational spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence.

Infrared spectroscopy reveals significant peaks at 1,000 cm and several peaks between 600 and 400 cm.

Peaks in the infrared spectrum are assigned to specific bonds based on literature.

Different soil types have similar peaks due to the presence of common minerals.

Near-infrared spectroscopy identifies peaks related to water and clay networks in one sample.

Raman spectroscopy reveals a peak at approximately 450 cm, with other signals affected by noise.

X-ray fluorescence identifies the presence of elements like iron, magnesium, potassium, and calcium in all samples.

Samples from the gastronomy faculty show higher intensity of calcium, indicating greater fertility.

Quantitative analysis is suggested for a more accurate assessment of soil fertility.

Modifications to the methodology are proposed to improve element detection and analysis.

The study concludes with recommendations for further research and improvements in soil analysis techniques.

Transcripts

yeah hi everyone in this video we will

explain more about our project chemistry

and astronomy a comparative analysis of

so and next

please yeah this is the index

next okay so uh the most study compens

in soil through analysis by vibrational

spectroscopy and x-ray flu es include

organic carbon content nutrients and

trace of metals like this the metal

present in the soil can explain the type

of environment with they are F next

please okay

and uh that is why the objective of this

PR was to study a comparative the soils

of the faculties of gastronomy and

chemistry out the University

with this WEA provide information for

harvesting and cultivation of the some

foods that are s successful for human

conception sorry for the sound next

please

yeah and for the methodology we first

start with some for this we choose three

points from the Gastronomy garden and

another three random points from

chemistry Garden for each point H with a

deep um so samples we collected in

plastic Falcon

tubes

it's de C for 18 hours

in so when the sample was H dry it was

first set with

4.70 mm read and then with a 0. 55

mm and finally it right sample store in

a new Falcon tube for the

corresponden so Ana Sophia next part

please okay so to continue with the

analysis we use three different

techniques uh two of them being uh

vibrational spectroscopy which were for

your transformation infrared analysis

and also Ren spectroscopy and with we

also use x-ray fluoresence which is an

elemental analysis technique for the

infrared spectroscopy we needed to Gren

the sample first but for the other two

techniques we could do the analysis

directly on well the sample then we

collected the data and we went through

data processing and to the results and

discussion next

please okay so I'm going to present the

results from the infrared spectroscopy

on the medium range infrared in the

infrared Spectrum we found a significant

pick at 1,000 and also several P picks

between 600 and 400 and we were able to

tensively assign these pigs based on

literature which we uh correspond which

they correspond to cisum and oxygen Bond

and to aluminium and oxygen Bond next

please okay so in the literature we

found that different types of soil have

similar pigs because they have the same

minerals like we can see in the on the

picture on the right we see that the

pigs are 3,000 and 1,000 are found in

several Min in SE in the same minerals

and also in the image on the right some

authors classify pigs found and assigned

them to bonds and minerals with this

information we we were able to give an

assignment for our own signals uh for

example the pigs around 1,000 correspond

to the to the cisum o oxgen bond from

quartz the PS around 900 correspond to

the to the aluminium oxygen hydrogen

bond from cyanite and the and the paks

around 500 to 400 correspond for example

to cisum oxygen aluminium Bond or cisum

oxygen cisum bonds from emte and quartz

uh I guess next is

vino so the other analysis that we do

with infrared uh was near in this case

only uh one of the samples has the two

pcks that we were looking for that are

from o oh that are

1,400 and

1,900 these are from the water or with

from clay or other net clay networks and

various

oxides and next please uh in the case of

Raman the only pck that we found was qus

they was found at 450 CM approximately

and the other signals are too affected

from the noise or out the floresent to

say something about it in the next uh

next page we found that uh the signals

we were looking for are from phosphorite

Microline and other um organic groups in

any in in in both uh cases we didn't

find h pics that we can assign to them

and their pics could have been a in the

areas that were more uh the noises or

AOL

lumines so we will need Chri to

understand

it now to end with s references with

analysis in brief we use the an work to

help us to identify quickly and

automatically all the elements this case

all the samples has had have the same

elements iron and magnesium magnesium

potassium calcium copper nck and

Zin um however as my partner said before

there's more information related with

bones that are connected with silicon

and

aluminum that's why that something that

we should have done before is to apply

back measures to detect it so it doesn't

mean that there isn't silicon aluminum

there is but we didn't do this

modification now with this elements we

saw that there those they have the same

intensity in all the samples for

extension of calcium and in the samples

which belongs to the facility of tonomy

they have more intensity so means there

is more fertility with more

concentration of p uh but to prove this

we should do a quantitative an

analysis

conclusions first with after after a in

the mirror we got good results to

identify the types of minerals that we

have however with near we got Sur

problems because of the noise in the

fences that happens we now with xray

fences and we have identify the take all

samples but we but we could do some

modifications to identify more elements

and to and it will be great to do a

quantitative analysis and to end with r

there are some conditions that we could

do to improve our

measures this is our reference and thank

you for your attention