Sumber Hukum Internasional - Prinsip Hukum Umum

Summary

This video discusses the 'general principles of law' as outlined in Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. It explains how these principles address gaps in international law, often seen as having potential legal voids compared to national legal systems. The video highlights the role of general principles in filling legal gaps when treaties and customary international law are unclear. It also touches on how these principles, possibly derived from natural law or national laws recognized by the international community, serve as a foundation for international law. Examples include the principles of good faith, pacta sunt servanda, and abuse of rights. The video uses the Corfu Channel case between Germany and Poland to illustrate the application of these principles, emphasizing the obligation to provide compensation for breaches of international agreements.

Takeaways

• 📚 The discussion revolves around the concept of 'general principles of law' as a legal mechanism to address gaps in international law.
• 🌐 International law is often considered to have potential gaps compared to national legal systems due to the lack of a legislative authority and clear law-making procedures.
• 🔍 The primary function of the general principles of law is to fill legal voids when international treaties and customary international law do not provide clarity.
• 👨‍⚖️ It is suggested that international judges are not only permitted but also obligated to use general principles of law to fill in legal gaps.
• 💡 The general principles of law are seen as tools to complement the primary sources of international law, which are treaties and customary international law.
• 📜 These principles are derived from natural law principles and logical reasoning, and they may also stem from national laws recognized by the international community.
• 🌟 Examples of general principles of law include 'good faith', 'facta sun servanda', 'bona fide', and the prohibition against abuse of rights.
• 🏛️ The case of Corfu Channel (UK v. Albania) is highlighted as an example where the Permanent Court of International Justice applied the principle that a breach of an international obligation entails the duty to make reparation.
• 📝 The principle derived from the Corfu Channel case is that if a state violates an international agreement, it has the duty to provide compensation for the damage caused, which is accepted as a general principle of international law.
• 🌐 The discussion emphasizes the importance of general principles of law in international adjudication and their role in resolving disputes in accordance with the nature of the international conflict at hand.

Q & A

What are the general principles of law as mentioned in the script?

The general principles of law, as discussed in the script, are mechanisms used to address legal gaps. They are essential in international law due to the lack of a legislative authority and clear law enforcement mechanisms. These principles are used to fill legal voids when international treaties and customary international law do not provide clarity.

What is the significance of Article 38, paragraph 1(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice in the context of general principles of law?

Article 38, paragraph 1(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice recognizes the general principles of law as a source of law that the Court can apply to decide cases brought before it. It highlights the importance of these principles in supplementing other sources of international law when needed.

How do general principles of law help in the development of international law?

General principles of law help in the development of international law by providing a foundation to fill legal gaps. They serve as a tool for international judges to address issues where treaties and customary international law may be silent or unclear, thus ensuring a more comprehensive and adaptable legal framework.

What is the role of general principles of law in resolving disputes in international law?

General principles of law play a crucial role in resolving disputes by providing a set of universally accepted norms that can be applied when specific treaties or customary laws are insufficient. They help in interpreting and applying international law in a manner that is consistent with the principles of justice and fairness.

Can you provide an example of a general principle of law that is widely accepted across different legal systems?

One example of a widely accepted general principle of law is the principle of 'good faith' (pacta sunt servanda), which requires that agreements must be honored in good faith. This principle is reflected in various national laws and international agreements, emphasizing the importance of诚信 and reliability in legal transactions.

What is the significance of the Corfu Channel case in the context of general principles of law?

The Corfu Channel case is significant as it demonstrates the application of general principles of law in international disputes. In this case, the International Court of Justice held that Albania was responsible for violating an agreement with the United Kingdom, highlighting the principle that breach of international obligations can lead to liability for damages.

How do general principles of law contribute to the interpretation of international law?

General principles of law contribute to the interpretation of international law by providing a set of fundamental norms that can be used analogically to interpret specific rules. They help in extending the understanding of international law through inductive reasoning, ensuring that the legal system remains coherent and adaptable to new situations.

What is the relationship between general principles of law and national law in the context of international law?

General principles of law can be derived from national laws that are recognized by the international community as part of the common legal heritage. While national laws are not direct sources of international law, principles that are universally accepted can be incorporated into the body of general principles of law that guide international legal decisions.

How do general principles of law help in the process of legal reasoning in international courts?

General principles of law assist in legal reasoning by providing a common ground for interpretation and application of international law. They serve as a basis for analogical reasoning and inductive interpretation, allowing international courts to make decisions that are consistent with the underlying values of justice and fairness across different legal systems.

What are some other examples of general principles of law mentioned in the script?

Other examples of general principles of law mentioned in the script include the principle of 'bona fide', which emphasizes good faith in legal dealings, and the principle of 'abuse of rights', which prohibits the misuse or abuse of legal rights. These principles reflect fundamental values that are considered universally applicable in the resolution of international disputes.

How can the general principles of law be accessed for further study or reference?

For further study or reference on general principles of law, one can access the website of the International Court of Justice at www.icj-cij.org, where decisions and resources related to international law, including the application of general principles, are available.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Understanding General Principles of Law

The first paragraph introduces the concept of 'general principles of law' (jeron principle of low), as referenced in Article 38(1)(c) of the International Court of Justice Statute. These principles are applied to fill gaps in international law, which often lacks clear legislative authority, law-making procedures, and enforcement mechanisms. The key role of general principles is to ensure the continuation of legal interpretation when treaties and customary international law are insufficient. Legal scholars have debated the necessity and application of these principles, with some like Water Pa emphasizing that judges are obligated to use them to complete the legal framework in international cases.

05:02

🌍 The Role of General Principles in International and National Law

This paragraph discusses how general principles of law bridge national and international legal systems. These principles, which are often derived from national laws, are recognized and adopted in international law to address issues where specific treaties or customary laws do not apply. Examples of these principles include 'good faith' (good feat), which governs contracts and agreements, and 'pacta sunt servanda,' which emphasizes that agreements must be kept. The use of such principles demonstrates their universal applicability, highlighting their foundational role in both international and national legal frameworks.

Keywords

💡General Principles of Law

General principles of law are fundamental legal concepts recognized by most national legal systems and are used to fill gaps in international law when treaties or customs are unclear. In the script, these principles are discussed as mechanisms to address legal voids in international law, ensuring justice is served even when explicit regulations are lacking.

💡International Court of Justice (ICJ)

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the primary judicial body of the United Nations, tasked with settling disputes between states in accordance with international law. The script references the ICJ's role in adjudicating cases that invoke general principles of law, particularly when no clear precedent or rule exists in treaties or international customs.

💡Legal Vacuum

A legal vacuum occurs when there is an absence of clear legal regulations or laws to address a specific issue. In the context of international law, the script discusses how general principles of law are applied to fill these gaps when treaties or customary international law do not provide guidance.

💡Treaties

Treaties are formal agreements between states that are legally binding under international law. The script emphasizes that when treaties fail to provide clarity in legal disputes, general principles of law can be invoked to resolve the matter. An example discussed is the treaty between Germany and Poland after World War I.

💡Customary International Law

Customary international law refers to legal norms that have developed through the consistent practice of states over time, accepted as legally binding. The script contrasts this with treaties, suggesting that when both treaties and customary law are insufficient to resolve a case, general principles of law may be applied.

💡Good Faith (Bona Fides)

Good faith is a principle of honesty, fairness, and sincerity in the execution of agreements. The script explains that this principle is recognized across many legal systems and is commonly applied in both national and international legal contexts. It is highlighted as an example of a general principle of law.

💡Pacta Sunt Servanda

Pacta sunt servanda is a fundamental principle in international law, meaning 'agreements must be kept.' The script uses this principle to demonstrate how international law upholds the binding nature of treaties and agreements between states, as illustrated by the Germany vs. Poland case.

💡Indemnity

Indemnity refers to compensation for harm or loss, often used in legal contexts where a party is obligated to make reparations for breaching a contract or treaty. In the script, indemnity is discussed in relation to Poland's obligation to compensate Germany after violating a treaty concerning German businesses in Upper Silesia.

💡Case Law

Case law refers to legal principles that are established by judicial decisions in individual cases. In the script, the Corfu Channel case is highlighted as an example of international case law where general principles of law played a key role in the decision-making process.

💡Statute of the International Court of Justice

The Statute of the International Court of Justice outlines the framework and procedures for how the ICJ operates. Article 38, mentioned in the script, lists the sources of international law, including treaties, customary law, and general principles of law, which are crucial for resolving disputes when specific laws are absent.

Highlights

Discussing the general principles of law in international law as per Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Explaining the role of general principles of law in filling gaps in international law where treaties and customary law do not provide clarity.

The necessity for international judges to use general principles of law to supplement the fabric of international law.

The view that general principles of law are tools for international judges to fill in the gaps in the law.

Agreement among international law scholars that general principles of law are a source of law that complements treaties and customary law.

The idea that general principles of law can originate from natural law and logical principles, as well as from national laws recognized by the international community.

The application of the principle of good faith (good faith must be maintained) in international law.

The principle of pacta sunt servanda, which binds parties to their agreements, is a widely accepted principle in international law.

The principle of bona fide, which requires parties to act in good faith and not to misuse their rights.

The principle of abuse of rights, which prohibits the misuse or abuse of rights granted under international law.

The Corfu Channel case between Germany and Poland, where the Permanent Court of International Justice applied the general principles of law.

Poland's violation of an agreement with Germany led to the court's decision that Poland was liable for damages.

The principle that a state violating an international agreement has the obligation to provide compensation for the damage caused.

The Corfu Channel case as an example of how the general principles of law are applied when there is a breach of international obligations.

The importance of general principles of law in international dispute resolution, as demonstrated by the Corfu Channel case.

The conclusion that general principles of law are integral to the international legal system and are applied by the International Court of Justice.

Transcripts

hai selamat pagi assalamualaikum

warahmatullahi wabarakatuh hari ini kita

akan membahas mengenai prinsip hukum

umum atau jero principle of low yang

sebagaimana kita ketahui dalam pasal 38

ayat satu dari statuta mahkamah

internasional di dalam terdapat berbagai

sumber-sumber hukum yang pada intinya

digunakan oleh mahkamah untuk memutuskan

perkara yang diajukan kepadanya pada

bagian c dari pasal 1 kita menemukan ada

yang dinamakan jenderal principle of

lorek etnis byshaun jadi ini akan kita

coba bahas dikesempatan kali ini aku

kira-kira prinsip-prinsip hukum umum

secara luas diartikan sebagai mekanisme

untuk menangani permasalahan kekosongan

hukum hukum internasional seringkali

dianggap berpotensi untuk memiliki

kekosongan hukum dibandingkan dengan

kondisi yang ada dalam sistem hukum

nasional suatu negara hal ini

dikarenakan hukum internasional tidak

memiliki otoritas legislatif tidak

adanya prosedur pembentukan hukum yang

jelas dan juga mekanisme penegakan

hukumnya pun tidak begitu jelas jadi

fungsi utama dari prinsip hukum umum

atau jendral principle of lo adalah

untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum apabila

kedua sumber hukum yang sebelumnya yaitu

perjanjian internasional dan hukum

kebiasaan internasional tidak memberikan

kejelasan nasib

hai pada awal perkembangan hukum

internasional para ahli tidak mempunyai

pilihan lain kecuali mempergunakan

prinsip hukum umum ini secara luas harus

water pa salah seorang ahli dalam hukum

internasional berpendapat bahwa the

general principles of low arwan of the

tools that the international judge it

not only permitted bet obligated to us

to fill in the gods in the fabric of the

low schmeter of the low complete nah ko

dapat diartikan bahwa prinsip hukum umum

merupakan salah satu alat untuk menutup

atau untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum yang

mungkin timbul selanjutnya salah satu

orang ahli juga dalam hukum

internasional yang bernama agung

kim menyatakan bahwa prinsip hukum um

ini melengkapi sumber hukum yang pertama

dan kedua dikarenakan hukum nasional

tidak dapat dijadikan sumber hukum

internasional ah tetapi mayoritas dari

ahli hukum internasional berpendapat

bahwa tujuan dari dimasukkannya

ketentuan ini adalah untuk memudahkan

mahkamah dalam menggunakan

prinsip-prinsip yang diakui dalam hukum

nasional dan menerapkannya dalam

memutuskan suatu perkara atau suatu

kasus yang dirasakan sesuai dengan

karakter sengketa internasional yang

sedang ditangani tujuan lainnya adalah

untuk memudahkan hakim mahkamah

memperluas penafsiran hukum

internasional dengan cara analogi dengan

menggunakan beberapa prinsip hukum umum

yang

faisal dari aturan tertentu dengan cara

penafsiran induktif prinsip hukum umum

maka bisa diinterpretasikan sebagai

prinsip yang berlaku umum ada di semua

sistem hukum yang ada di dunia merupakan

landasan hukum yang mendasari setiap

aturan hukum internasional dan

prinsip-prinsip ini mungkin berasal dari

prinsip hukum alam dan prinsip-prinsip

juga yang berasal dari logika huda

meliputi hanya prinsip-prinsip yang

berasal dari hukum internasional tapi

juga ada kemungkinan prinsip-prinsip ini

muncul dari hukum nasional yang kemudian

diakui oleh masyarakat internasional

sebagai bagian dari prinsip hukum umum

dan berlaku secara luas kita bisa lihat

contohnya misalnya dengan prinsip good

feat

ndak prinsip agus feat ini diterapkan

atau diterima oleh hampir semua sistem

hukum di dunia kita seringkali melihat

prinsip ini dalam suatu perjanjian atau

dalam hukum nasional kita bisa

menemukannya dalam hukum perdata dimana

ketika melakukan perjanjian harus ada

itikad baik dari masing-masing pihak

disinilah terlihat bahwa memang prinsip

hukum umum ini berlaku dimanapun

diseluruh dunia tidak melihat sistem

hukum yang dianut contoh lainnya kita

bisa melihat dengan prinsip yang

seringkali kita selalu dengar dalam

konteks hukum internasional yaitu fakta

sun servanda kejadian mengikat para

pihak kemudian juga ada prinsip bonafit

kemudian juga ada prinsip abu

hidrolik atau punya larangan untuk

menggunakan menyalahgunakan wewenang

jadi terlihat di sini prinsip hukum umum

itu ada kemungkinan muncul dari prinsip

hukum nasional yang kemudian diakomodir

atau diterapkan dalam konteks hukum

internasional yang membahas mengenai

penggunaan ketentuan dari prinsip hukum

umum yaitu kasus corzo factory quick

antara jermany versus power kasus ini

diajukan ke pc aje permanent court of

internal jas international justice yang

merupakan prosesor dari icd atau

international court of justice kasus ini

terjadi antara jerman dan polandia

terkait perjanjian yang telah dibentuk

antara kedua negara setelah perang dunia

pertama ada suatu wilayah yaitu apel

silesia dan di sana

ia menyerahkan aprilicia ini pada poland

atau pada polandia dengan ampere janjian

bahwa polandia tidak akan mengganggu

galau tidak akan menyita atau menghina

shona lisasi perusahaan milik jerman

tapi pada prakteknya polandia menyita

dua perusahaan jerman sehingga jerman

mengajukan gugatan bye dengan dengan

alasan bahwa polandia telah melanggar

kewajibannya untuk tunduk pada

perjanjian yang mengikat antara jerman

dan polen pada putusan dari pc adj-xy

ice menyatakan bahwa pollen terbukti

bersalah karena telah melanggar

perjanjian yang

tentu atau perjanjian antara jerman

dengan pollen dan setiap pelanggaran

terhadap perjanjian itu melahirkan

kewajiban untuk mengganti kerugian jadi

ipay pcie juga menghelat bahwa polandia

harus memberikan ganti rugi pada jerman

kalau disini kutipannya saya menyebutkan

di pc aja menyatakan merupakan suatu

perjanjian oslo to prinsip hukum

internasional principle of international

law that the repetition of her from may

consist in and indemnity corresponding

to the damage which the national of the

industry khair asal-usul of the eggs

which is contrary to international jadi

prinsip hukum yang diangkat dari kasus

korsel factory chase adalah apabila ada

suatu negara dia melanggar perjanjian

antar negara atau satu kesepakatan dia

mempunyai kewajiban untuk

cruisin atau ganti rugi dan itu menjadi

suatu prinsip hukum yang diterima ketika

ada pelanggaran kewajiban internasional

maka itu menimbulkan kewajiban untuk

memberikan ganti rugi untuk jelasnya

kasus ini dapat dilihat di websitenya

dari ic di www.uij.ac.id demikian yang

bisa disampaikan pada kesempatan hari

ini terkait prinsip hukum umum atau

jendral principle of low sebagaimana ada

di dalam pasal 38 ayat satu poin c dari

statuta mahkamah internasional terima

kasih wassalamualaikum warohmatullohi

wabarokatuh