SIFAT - SIFAT PERIODIK UNSUR

KIM UD
8 Jul 202021:58

Summary

TLDRIn this chemistry tutorial, Udin from Kim UT's channel explores the periodic properties of elements. He explains the trends in atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity across periods and groups in the periodic table. Udin uses mnemonic devices to help remember these trends, making the complex subject matter more accessible. The video is designed to aid students in understanding and applying these concepts, encouraging engagement through likes, subscriptions, and comments.

Takeaways

  • πŸ”¬ The video discusses the periodic properties of elements, focusing on trends within the periodic table.
  • πŸ“š The presenter, Udin, introduces mnemonics to help remember the trends, such as 'sifat genotip' for atomic properties.
  • πŸ“ˆ As you move down a group in the periodic table, atomic size increases due to the addition of electron shells.
  • πŸ”½ Conversely, as you move from left to right within a period, atomic size decreases because the nuclear charge increases, pulling electrons closer.
  • βš›οΈ Electronegativity increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group due to changes in an atom's ability to attract electrons.
  • πŸ’₯ Ionization energy, the energy required to remove an electron, increases across a period but decreases down a group.
  • πŸ”‹ Electron affinity, the energy change when an atom gains an electron, can be positive or negative and is influenced by the ease with which an atom can capture electrons.
  • πŸ“‰ Metals tend to lose electrons more easily as you move down a group, while non-metals gain electrons more readily as you move across a period.
  • 🌐 The video emphasizes the importance of understanding these trends for predicting chemical behavior and reactivity.
  • πŸŽ“ The content is aimed at helping students learn chemistry more effectively, with encouragement to like, subscribe, and comment for more engaging material.

Q & A

  • What are the periodic properties of elements discussed in the script?

    -The script discusses various periodic properties of elements, including atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

  • How does the atomic radius change as you move down a group in the periodic table?

    -The atomic radius increases as you move down a group because the number of electron shells increases, causing the outermost electrons to be further from the nucleus.

  • What is the trend of atomic radius across a period from left to right?

    -The atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period because the number of protons in the nucleus increases, pulling the electrons closer and reducing the atomic size.

  • What is electronegativity and how does it vary across the periodic table?

    -Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a molecule. It generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group.

  • How is ionization energy related to the position of an element in the periodic table?

    -Ionization energy tends to increase across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge and decrease down a group as the atomic size increases and the outer electrons are further from the nucleus.

  • What is the significance of electron affinity in the context of the periodic table?

    -Electron affinity is the energy change associated with an atom gaining an electron. It is related to how easily an atom can acquire an additional electron, and it generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

  • Why does the ionization energy increase as you move from left to right across a period?

    -The ionization energy increases because the effective nuclear charge increases, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus and making it harder to remove them.

  • What is the relationship between atomic radius and ionization energy within a group?

    -As the atomic radius increases down a group, the ionization energy decreases because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and easier to remove.

  • How does the trend of electronegativity relate to the reactivity of halogens?

    -Halogens have high electronegativity, making them highly reactive as they tend to attract electrons from other atoms, forming compounds.

  • What is the practical application of understanding electron affinity and ionization energy?

    -Understanding electron affinity and ionization energy helps predict the reactivity of elements and their compounds, which is crucial in fields like chemistry, material science, and electronics.

Outlines

00:00

πŸ”¬ Introduction to Periodic Properties of Elements

The speaker, Udin, welcomes viewers back to the Kim UT channel for a chemistry lesson on the periodic properties of elements. The video aims to explain the trends in atomic properties as one moves across the periodic table. Key concepts introduced include atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. The speaker uses mnemonic devices to help viewers remember the trends: for example, 'vocal' for elements that increase in size within a group (from top to bottom) and 'consonant' for elements that decrease in size within a period (from left to right). The video promises to delve into these properties in an engaging manner.

05:01

πŸ“ Understanding Atomic Radius and Its Trends

The video segment explains the concept of atomic radius, defined as the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell. As one moves down a group in the periodic table, the atomic number increases, leading to an increase in the number of electron shells and thus an increase in atomic radius. Conversely, moving from left to right within a period results in a decrease in atomic radius due to the increasing nuclear charge, which pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus. The speaker uses an analogy to describe this phenomenon, making it easier for viewers to grasp the concept.

10:01

πŸ’‘ Electronegativity and Its Relation to Atomic Properties

Electronegativity is discussed as a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a molecule. The speaker explains that atoms with higher electronegativity values, such as the halogens, have a stronger attraction for electrons and are more likely to gain electrons from other atoms. The trend of electronegativity within the periodic table is that it increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group from top to bottom. This is attributed to the increasing ability of atoms to attract electrons as one moves across the period due to the decreasing atomic radius and increasing nuclear charge.

15:04

⚑ Ionization Energy and Its Trends Across the Periodic Table

Ionization energy, the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state, is the focus of this segment. The speaker explains that within a period, ionization energy increases from left to right as the atomic radius decreases and the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons becomes stronger. In contrast, moving down a group, the ionization energy decreases due to the increasing atomic radius and the weakening attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The video uses the term 'vocal' to represent the increasing trend from left to right within a period and 'consonant' for the decreasing trend from top to bottom within a group.

20:13

πŸ”‹ Electron Affinity and Its Impact on Atomic Behavior

Electron affinity, the energy change associated with an atom gaining an electron, is the topic of this segment. The speaker clarifies that electron affinity can be either positive or negative, depending on whether energy is released or absorbed when an atom gains an electron. A negative electron affinity indicates that an atom readily accepts an electron, while a positive affinity suggests resistance to electron gain. The video explains that electron affinity generally increases down a group and decreases across a period, mirroring the trends seen in ionization energy. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding these properties for predicting atomic behavior in chemical reactions.

Mindmap

Keywords

πŸ’‘Periodic Table

The Periodic Table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized by atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. In the video, the Periodic Table is central to understanding the properties of elements and their trends. The script discusses how properties like atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity change as one moves across periods and down groups in the table.

πŸ’‘Atomic Radius

Atomic radius refers to the distance from the nucleus to the outermost shell of an electron. In the video, it is explained that as one moves down a group in the Periodic Table, the atomic radius increases due to the addition of electron shells. Conversely, moving from left to right across a period results in a decrease in atomic radius as the effective nuclear charge increases, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.

πŸ’‘Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The video explains that electronegativity increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group. This concept is crucial for understanding how atoms form bonds and the polarity of those bonds, with examples given for elements like halogens which have high electronegativity.

πŸ’‘Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule. The video script describes how ionization energy increases across a period from left to right due to the increasing effective nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius. Down a group, ionization energy decreases as the atomic radius increases, making it easier for an electron to be removed.

πŸ’‘Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change associated with the addition of an electron to an atom in the gaseous state. The video explains that electron affinity is related to the ease with which an atom can gain an electron. It is mentioned that electron affinity increases across a period and decreases down a group, which is tied to the atom's ability to accommodate additional electrons in its valence shell.

πŸ’‘Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which are involved in chemical bonding. The video discusses how the number of valence electrons influences an element's reactivity and its position in the Periodic Table. The concept is used to explain trends in atomic radius and ionization energy as one moves through the table.

πŸ’‘Metals and Nonmetals

Metals and nonmetals are broad categories of elements with distinct properties. Metals tend to be good conductors of heat and electricity, while nonmetals are insulators. The video script uses these categories to explain trends in electronegativity and ionization energy, with metals typically found on the left and bottom of the Periodic Table and nonmetals on the right and top.

πŸ’‘Groups and Periods

Groups (also known as families) and periods are the vertical columns and horizontal rows of the Periodic Table, respectively. The video script uses these terms to describe how properties of elements change systematically within these structures. For example, alkali metals are in Group 1, and halogens are in Group 17, each with characteristic properties that are explained in relation to their group and period.

πŸ’‘Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Oxidizing agents are substances that oxidize other substances, and reducing agents are those that reduce other substances. The video explains the relationship between electronegativity and the tendency of elements to act as oxidizing or reducing agents. For instance, elements with high electronegativity, like oxygen, are likely to gain electrons and act as oxidizing agents.

πŸ’‘Acidity and Basicity

Acidity and basicity refer to the ability of a substance to donate or accept protons (H+ ions) in solution. The video script touches on how the presence of oxygen in compounds can influence their acidic or basic character, with elements like oxygen often found in acidic compounds due to their high electronegativity and tendency to attract electrons.

Highlights

Introduction to periodic properties of elements with practical learning tips.

Explanation of the periodic trends of atomic properties such as size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

Description of atomic radius and its relationship with the number of electron shells.

How the atomic radius increases as you move down a group due to the addition of electron shells.

The decrease in atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period due to increased nuclear charge.

Discussion on electronegativity and its correlation with an atom's ability to attract electrons.

Trend of electronegativity within a period and group, with higher values moving from left to right and down a group.

Explanation of how the metallic character of elements changes across the periodic table.

The concept of ionization energy and its significance in determining an element's reactivity.

Why ionization energy increases across a period from left to right due to decreasing atomic radius.

Decrease in ionization energy as you move down a group due to increasing atomic radius.

Introduction to electron affinity and its role in chemical bonding.

The relationship between electron affinity and the ease with which an atom can gain electrons.

How electron affinity trends within a group and period of the periodic table.

Practical tips for remembering the trends of atomic properties using mnemonic devices.

Encouragement for viewers to engage with the content through likes, subscriptions, and comments for more informative videos.

Closing remarks with a reminder to follow on Instagram for more chemistry learning content.

The importance of understanding these concepts for success in chemistry.

Transcripts

play00:00

Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullah

play00:01

wabarakatuh jumpa kembali lagi dengan

play00:04

saya Udin dalam channel Kim UT nya

play00:07

belajar kimia materi adalah sifat-sifat

play00:12

periodik unsur Yuk kita mulai gimana sih

play00:15

sifat-sifat periodik unsur Oke pertama

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kali akan saya buatkan aplikasinya ya

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trik-triknya dulu gimana trik-triknya

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seperti ini disajikan karena ajaib ya

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jadwalkan para aja temen-temen semua

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supaya nanti bisa mempelajari yaitu

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sifat genotip Oke ini yang ke arah atas

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ini akrab bawah

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ngomong Oke seks golongan yang konsonan

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konsonan itu berarti huruf mati vokal

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itu apa aja ada namanya in a kemudian

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agan2 yang ini ada namanya j&t namanya

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rrd2 energi ionisasi energi ionisasi

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afinitas elektron

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Hai Heh itu kita bicara elektronegatifan

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elektro negatif as untuk kita bicara

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oksidator kalau kita bicara asam-asam

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yang mengandung oksigen kemudian kalau

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kita bicara yang konsonan J itu adalah

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jari-jari R itu adalah redup Thor elit

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logam begitu basah ke itu adalah positif

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Oke Masih ingatkah teman-teman kalau

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dari atas ke bawah aja namanya golongan

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kalau dari kiri ke kanan namanya periode

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mata untuk yang vokal kreatifnya untuk

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yang vokal itu artinya apa

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di dalam satu golongan dalam satu

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golongan dari kau ke bawah dan ke bawah

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kira-kira semakin besar apa kecil ini

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semakin kecil semakin kecil semakin

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kecil ini dalam golongan dan periode

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dalam satu periode dari kiri ke kanan

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semakin besar

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Hai itu untuk yang vokal yang vokal

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yaitu energy-saving afinitas elektron

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negatif atau oksidator dan asam oksi Nah

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untuk yang konsonan kebalikannya jadi

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untuk yang konsonan kaya cari-cari

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Artinya apa itu dalam satu golongan satu

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golongan dari mana kemana yaitu dari

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atas kebawah semakin besar ini dalam

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satu periode dari kiri ke kanan semakin

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semakin kecil semakin kecil jadi nanti

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satu periode

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Hai semakin ke kanan semakin kecil itu

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untuk yang mana untuk yang comment dari

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semen kecil yakni semakin kebawah

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semakin sekarang kita masing-masing Apa

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itu jari-jari atau itu energi ionisasi

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Apa itu kapilitas elektron ya kita coba

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yang pertama saya kenalkan adalah

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jari-jari atom apa sih jari-jari atom

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itu jari-jari atom adalah jarak dari

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inti aduh aduh ke kulit elektron terluar

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Hai the kulitku elektron terluar yang

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disebut dengan namanya apa elektron

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valensi jadi jarak inti atom ke kulit

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elektron terluar disebut dengan elektron

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valensi kalau saya Gambarkan ya bisa

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saya punya ena.ena segera itu kan kulit

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yang nanti ada kulitnya itu 281 inti

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atom kesini ini dengan jari-jari R

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oke lah sekarang penjelasannya gimana

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dalam satu golongan dari atas ke bawah

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kok semakin besar dari harinya itu

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kenapa Yuk kita coba dalam satu golongan

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satu golongan dari atas ke bawah dari

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atas ke bawah semakin besar semakin

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besar Kenapa Semakin besar jumlah jumlah

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nomor atomnya bertambah atau bertambah

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kalau jumlah nomor atom bertambah maka

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jumlah akan bertambah juga maka jumlah

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kulit

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Hai elektron bertambah juga Apa

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akibatnya kalau jumlah kulit elektron

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bertambah maka jarak inti atom ke kulit

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elektron terluar elektron terluar

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semakin jauh semakin jauh kalau semakin

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jauh Maka jangan lewatkan jari-jarinya

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juga semakin jauh juga maka semakin

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besar itu alasannya

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e-book dalam satu golongan sekarang

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kalau dalam satu periode Kenapa dalam

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satu periode dari mana dari kiri balik

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kiri ke kanan semakin semakin kecil

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semakin kecil semakin kecil Alasannya

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adalah nomor atom bertambah

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Dino merem tambah jelek termasuk tanya

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nomor atom bertambah setiap sama lu

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nomor atom bertambah maka muatan inti

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juga makin banyak

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muatan inti semakin banyak muatan inti

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atom semakin kaya

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Hai tolong muatan inti atom semakin

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banyak maka kesimpulannya dan gaya tarik

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inti atom tarik inti atom terhadap

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elektron lebih kuat terhadap elektron

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lebih kuat lebih tua perlu gaya tarik

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inti atom terhadap elektron lebih kuat

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maka mengakibatkan jarak atau sini ya

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maka mengakibatkan jarak

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Hai inti atom image wajar inti atom ke

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kulit elektron terluar semakin tertarik

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ya jadi-jadian Tatum Gultom semakin

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dekat jadi gaya tarik inti atom terhadap

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elektron lebih kuat Hah akibatnya

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elektron akan tertarik ke inti atom maka

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mengakibatkan cara ini Atom ke kulit

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elektron ke kulit elektron Semakin Dekat

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Semakin Dekat karena apa tolelet Om

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muatan negatif kemudian inti atom

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matanya positif hati tarik-menarik maka

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semakin banyak muatan inti atom maka

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semakin banyak untuk menarik elektron ke

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intinya akibatnya maka jarak inti atom

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ke kulit elektron terluar semakin dekat

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akibatnya apa palsu

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dekat maka jari-jari Atom semakin kecil

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maka jari-jari Atom semakin kecil atau

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semakin pendek semakin pendek itu dalam

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apa dalam satu periode kalau kita

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masukkan betrix asyiknya semakin ke kiri

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ya semakin ke kanan itu semakin kecil

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Kalau semakin kebawah semakin besar

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itulah jari-jari oke sekarang nomor 2

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yang nomor dua keppti itu adalah

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elektronegatifan itu elektro negatif and

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Apa sih elektronegatifan itu ini ah

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teman-teman harus ngerti juga

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elektronegatifan adalah seberapa banyak

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seberapa banyak oke seberapa banyak

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Hai atom dalam sebuah molekul atom dalam

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sebuah molekul

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hai hai

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yo menarik elektron menarik elektron Oke

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atom atom dengan elektron Magetan yang

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lebih tinggi atom dengan elektron

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negatif and yang lebih tinggi yang lebih

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tinggi akan menarik elektron lebih kuat

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akan menarik elektron lebih kuat lebih

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kuat jadi golongan halogen itu ke ltml

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sangat tinggi sehingga dia mampu untuk

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menarik elektron yang lain lebih kuat

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daripada atom yang lain maka

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Sri pada atom yang lain oke

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Hai kalau kita lihat dalam aktivasi kini

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elektronegatifan semakin ke kanan dalam

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satu periode semakin besar semakin ke

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bawah dalam satu golongan semakin kecil

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ya kalau kita Jelaskan di sini adalah

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kenapa Yuk dalam satu dalam satu periode

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Oke dalam satu periode peti dari mana

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kemana hidup dari kiri ke kanan dari

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kiri ke kanan dari kiri ke sore ke kanan

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semakin besar

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Hai semakin besar

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Hai alasannya apa Oke alasannya yaitu

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karena makin mudah menarik elektron

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karena semakin mudah menarik elektron

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terutama golongan halogen ya Mas makin

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mudah menarik elektron Oke beda sama

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dalam satu golongan dalam satu golongan

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dari mana kemana yaitu dari atas kebawah

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dari atas ke bawah ini ya dan atas

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Kenapa semakin kecil semakin kecil

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Kenapa alasannya Oke alasannya adalah

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karena semakin nomor atom bertambah

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semakin

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nomor atom bertambah maka jari-jari

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semakin besar jari-jari semakin besar

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kalau jari-jari semakin besar maka

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semakin lemah untuk menarik elektron

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maka semakin lemah untuk menarik

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elektron Eh ini alasan yaitu

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elektronegatifan berikutnya yang ketiga

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oke yang tak kalah menariknya yang

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ketiga adalah yaitu disebut dengan

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namanya energi ionisasi honey energi

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ionisasi ok

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Hai apa sih energi ionisasi adalah

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energi ionisasi adalah energi yang

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diperlukan untuk melepas elektron yang

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diperlukan untuk melepas melepas apa

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satu elektron melepas satu elektron di

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kulit terluarnya di kulit terluarnya

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tapi ingat itu pada keadaan gas pada

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keadaan gas kau tertulis reaksinya

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adalah dalam keadaan gas gini ditambah

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energi ionisasi energi

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ionisasi nanti akan menjadi aplus dalam

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bentuk gas ditambah elektron inilah

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namanya energi ionisasi dalam satu

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periode kalau kita cek energi saksi sama

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ya karena dia vokal dalam satu periode

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dari kiri ke kanan dia semakin besar

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Kenapa dia semakin besar karena

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jari-jari kaki semakin kecil Kalau

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jari-jari semakin kecil maka semakin

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sukar Lepas Kalau semakin suka lepas

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maka membutuhkan energi yang sangat

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besar untuk melepaskan ikatan itu maka

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dalam satu periode dari kiri ke kanan

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semakin besar beda dalam satu golongan

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dari atas ke bawah energi ionisasi itu

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semakin kecil Kenapa semakin kecil

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karena jari-jari kan semakin besar kalau

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jari-jari semakin besar maka semakin

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mudah lepas sehingga energi yang

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dibutuhkan sangat kecil maka energi

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ionisasi

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bikin ketawa semakin kecil itu

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penjelasannya ya oke semuanya keempat

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nanti silakan di-like simple disimpulkan

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sendiri untuk MC dalam satu golongan dan

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dalam satu periode sesuai dengan yang

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saya jelaskan tadi oke yang 4 adalah

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afinitas elektron afinitas elektron apa

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sih efrinita selectron ini ini harus

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paham juga afinitas elektron berenergi

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yang dibebaskan Oke energi yang

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dibebaskan energi yang dibebaskan bila

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satu atom bila suatu atom itu menerima

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jadi suatu atom menerima satu elektron

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Hai cake nilai afinitas elektron dapat

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bertanda positif maupun negatif itu

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tergantung perubahan energi jika pada

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waktu afinitas elektron ini menangkap

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satu elektron itu dia dilepaskan energi

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maka dia negatif tapi pada saat dia

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menangkap satu elektron dia menyerap

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energi maka muatan nya adalah positif

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dan di sini ada trik asyiknya trik asyik

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trik asyiknya dikasihnya apa semakin

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negatif semakin negatif harga afinitas

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elektron harga afinitas elektron

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seksi semakin mudah atau menangkap

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elektron maka semakin mudah atom

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menangkap elektron balik poinnya disini

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jadi semakin negatif harga afinitas

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elektron maka semakin mudah suatu atom

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untuk menangkap elektron tapi

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kebalikannya semakin positif suatu harga

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afinitas elektron maka semakin sukar

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untuk menangkap elektron tersebut Oke

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inilah penjelasannya ingat kita

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selectron sama dengan vokal bagi dia

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semakin ke bawah dalam satu golongan

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dari atas ke bawah semakin kecil dalam

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satu periode dari kiri ke kanan semakin

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besar Oke untuk yang lainnya untuk logam

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bahasa positif activator akan dipelajari

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berikutnya ya Oke jika

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di ini bermanfaat bagi kalian Selatan

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bisa ketemuan kalian supaya manfaatnya

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semakin banyak lagi jangan lupa like

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subscribe dan komentarnya ditunggu juga

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supaya saya bisa membuat video yang

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lebih menarik lagi kalau menginginkan

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materi ini silahkan lihat di IG mode

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jangan lupa follow ya oke Salam sukses

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dari q-tink jaga kesehatan juga dari

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kemudian asyiknya belajar kimia

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assalamualaikum warahmatullah

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wabarakatuh

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[Musik]

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