《从零开始的女性主义》女性主义是什么？女性如何奋斗至今？今后又该如何奋斗？工作、婚恋、育儿，该如何以女性主义的角度考虑？上野千鹤子教你如何以女性主义角度思考

Summary

本次分享的书籍《从零开始的女性主义》深入探讨了女性主义的三个基本特征：争取平等权利而非特权、承认女性弱势地位的同时追求尊重、以及女性主义理论的多样性。书中讨论了为何当今社会仍需女性主义，指出尽管女性在政治、经济、文化等各方面取得了一定权利，但性别不平等的文化背景仍然根深蒂固。此外，书中还提供了普通女性如何在日常生活中实践女性主义的建议，鼓励女性发声、质疑不公，并在家庭生活中争取平等。

Takeaways

• 📚 书籍介绍：介绍了《从零开始的女权主义》一书，探讨了女权主义的真正内涵和现代社会中女权主义的必要性。
• 🌊 女权主义浪潮：历史上共有三次重要的女权主义运动，分别发生在19世纪末、20世纪60-70年代和20世纪90年代初。
• 📈 女权主义目标：女权主义的根本目的是争取男女平等的社会权利，而非女性特权。
• 🚫 误解与批评：许多人对女权主义有误解，认为其追求的是女性特权，而实际上女权主义反对的是性别歧视和不平等。
• 👥 社会性别分工：现代社会中依然存在性别分工，默认男性和女性在社会、政治、经济等领域的角色。
• 🏠 家庭与社会角色：女权主义认为家庭中的性别角色也应平等，鼓励女性在家庭生活中争取平等权利。
• 🎨 女权主义多样性：女权主义内部存在多种理论派别，不同派别之间会有激烈的辩论，体现了女权主义的多元性。
• 💪 女性自我认同：女权主义鼓励女性认识到自己的弱势地位，并在此基础上争取平等和尊重。
• 🗣️ 表达与反抗：女权主义鼓励女性表达不满，对不公正的待遇提出质疑和反抗。
• 👫 伴侣间的平等：在婚姻和家庭生活中，女权主义倡导伴侣间的平等，包括家务和育儿责任的共享。
• 🌟 改变社会：女权主义不仅是女性的事，也关乎整个社会的进步，需要男性和女性共同努力。

Q & A

《从零开始的女权主义》一书的主要内容是什么？

《从零开始的女权主义》一书主要通过两位日本女性作者的对话形式，用轻松幽默的语言解释了严肃的女权主义命题。书中分为三个部分：1. 什么是女权主义？2. 为什么我们今天仍然需要女权主义？3. 平凡的女性如何在生活中实践女权主义？

女权主义的三个基本特征是什么？

女权主义的三个基本特征包括：1. 它呼吁的是平等权利而非特权。2. 它承认女性在社会权利中的弱势地位。3. 它包含多个理论体系，意味着女权主义是多元化的，存在许多不同的理论派别。

为什么说女权主义并不是要让女性变成男性？

女权主义并不是要让女性变成男性，因为获得特权将导致新的歧视和压迫。女权主义者追求的是一个男女都能享有平等权利的世界，她们的目标不是取代男性，创造另一种不平等，而是追求弱小者也能受到尊重的理念。

女权主义中的“内部厌女症”是如何定义的？

女权主义中的“内部厌女症”是指女性对自己的性别感到羞耻，并开始斗争的心态。这种心态源于女性不能接受自己的弱点，也不能容忍其他女性表达她们的受害者地位。

为什么说女权主义的辩论不应该陷入恶意的相互辱骂？

女权主义的辩论不应该陷入恶意的相互辱骂，因为辩论的目的是引起更多人对女权主义话题的关注和重视，而不是相互攻击。女权主义鼓励多元化的思想碰撞，但这种碰撞应该是建设性的，有助于推动社会对性别平等议题的认识和进步。

在现代社会中，女性为什么仍然需要女权主义？

尽管历史上的女权主义运动已经为女性争取到了许多社会权利，但人类文化的背景仍然难以完全控制，性别不平等在社会中仍然存在。例如，男女之间仍然存在默认的劳动分工，父权制意识形态仍然是现代社会中许多男性思考的起点。因此，女性必须继续为平等权利而斗争。

如何理解社会中的A面和B面？

社会中的A面指的是政治、经济、时间、就业等社会活动，而B面则是指生活、育儿、疾病、残疾等私人领域。在现代社会中，男性和女性最初都在A面，但随着怀孕、分娩和育儿的开始，女性不得不转移到B面，而男性则基本上停留在A面。

女性如何在生活中实践女权主义？

女性可以通过表达对不平等待遇的不满、质疑和担忧来实践女权主义。她们应该敢于提出不舒服的问题，敢于说“不”，并在婚姻和家庭生活中争取平等的权利和责任。此外，通过文化表达，如写作和艺术创作，也是实践女权主义的一种方式。

为什么说在家庭生活中争取平等是重要的？

在家庭生活中争取平等是重要的，因为家庭是社会的基本单位，家庭中的性别平等可以逐步改变整个社会。通过与伴侣的协商、斗争和联盟，可以为下一代提供关于平等的启示，从而逐步消除父权社会带来的歧视和偏见。

女性在家庭中如何打破A面和B面的障碍？

女性在家庭中打破A面和B面的障碍，可以通过要求丈夫平等分担家庭责任、家务和育儿等任务。女性需要勇敢地表达自己的不满，并与丈夫进行持续的沟通和斗争，以实现家庭内的性别平等。

为什么说女性之间的矛盾被放大了？

女性之间的矛盾被放大了，因为在父权社会体系中，女性劳动的价值无法用金钱来衡量，导致工作女性和家庭主妇之间存在价值观念的冲突。这种矛盾反映了社会对女性角色和价值的刻板印象和不平等评价。

Outlines

00:00

📚 女性主义的起源与发展历程

本段介绍了女性主义的起源和三次重要的女性运动浪潮。第一次浪潮发生在19世纪后半叶，女性争取投票权、教育权和平等就业机会。第二次浪潮在20世纪60至70年代，主要针对社会和家庭生活中的性别不平等问题。第三次浪潮在20世纪90年代初，强调女性主义的多元价值取向。尽管女性今天在社会生活中享有各种权利，但很多人对女性主义持有负面印象，这部分是因为对女性主义的误解和激进思想的缺乏理解。

05:02

👩‍💼 女性主义的三个基本特征

本段讨论了女性主义的三个基本特征：首先，女性主义主张平等权利而非特权；其次，女性主义承认女性在社会权利中的弱势地位；最后，女性主义包含多个理论体系，是多元化的。作者通过解释这些特征，澄清了人们对女性主义的常见误解，强调女性主义不是要女性成为男性，而是追求男女平等的社会。

10:02

🌐 当代社会中女性主义的必要性

尽管历史上女性权利的状况有了很大改善，但作者认为当代社会仍然需要女性主义。社会文化背景中仍存在性别不平等，例如社会对男女的默认分工，以及男性主导的父权思想。作者通过提出AB面社会理论，解释了现代社会中默认的性别分工，并指出女性必须继续争取平等权利。

15:03

🏠 女性在家庭生活中的女性主义实践

本段讨论了女性如何在家庭生活中实践女性主义。作者提出，即使家庭问题是私事，也与性别和社会关系有关。通过在婚姻中争取平等，女性可以逐步改变家庭内的性别角色，从而影响整个社会。作者还提到，女性应该勇于表达不满，敢于提出问题，并通过文化手段抵抗文化，例如通过自媒体表达自己的观点和生活状况。

20:04

🤝 与伴侣共同对抗父权社会的策略

本段强调了女性在婚姻中与伴侣共同对抗父权社会的重要性。作者提出，婚姻是性别和性别关系的社会问题，女性应该在婚姻中争取平等，通过改变家庭内的性别角色来影响社会变革。同时，作者提醒女性在争取权利时也要注意与丈夫的沟通和合作，因为女性主义的目标是与男性合作解决父权社会带来的歧视和偏见。

25:07

📖 女性主义从零开始的总结

最后一段总结了全书的核心观点，即女性主义的本质是追求男女平等的社会，而非女性获得特权。作者鼓励女性在个人和社会层面上继续实践女性主义，通过表达不满、提出问题和与男性合作，共同对抗父权社会的不平等。

Keywords

💡女性主义

女性主义是一种社会、政治和哲学运动，主张男性和女性应享有平等的权利。在视频中，女性主义被解释为追求平等权利而非特权，强调女性在社会、家庭生活中的不平等待遇，并探讨了女性主义在历史上的三个重要浪潮。

💡性别平等

性别平等是指不同性别的个体在社会、法律、经济和文化等方面享有相同的权利和机会。视频中讨论了女性主义运动如何为实现性别平等而斗争，包括争取同工同酬、反对家庭暴力等。

💡父权制

父权制是一种社会结构，其中男性占据主导地位，并通过系统化和结构化的方式赋予男性特权。视频中解释了父权制如何深植于人类文化中，并导致了女性在社会权利上的不平等分配。

💡性别角色

性别角色是指社会文化对男性和女性应有行为、活动和职责的期望。视频中讨论了性别角色如何导致男女之间的劳动分工，以及女性主义者如何挑战这些传统角色，以实现真正的平等。

💡女性自我厌恶

女性自我厌恶是指女性对自己性别的负面看法和自我否定。视频中提到，这种自我厌恶源于女性对自身弱点的不认同，以及对其他表现出弱势的女性的不容忍。

💡多元女性主义

多元女性主义是指女性主义内部存在多种理论和观点。视频中指出，女性主义不是一个统一的理论体系，而是包含许多不同的理论派别，每个派别可能有着截然不同的观点。

💡社会变革

社会变革是指社会结构、制度或文化的根本性改变。视频中讨论了女性主义者如何通过挑战现有的性别不平等和社会规范来推动社会变革。

💡婚姻中的平等

婚姻中的平等是指夫妻双方在家庭责任和决策中享有相等的权利和义务。视频中强调了女性在婚姻中争取平等的重要性，包括共同分担家务和育儿责任。

💡文化抵抗

文化抵抗是指通过文化手段来对抗和改变主流文化中的不平等和压迫。视频中提到，女性可以通过写作、公开演讲或创作讽刺漫画等方式，来表达自己的生活状况和思想，从而对抗文化中的性别歧视。

💡性别歧视

性别歧视是指基于性别的不公平对待或偏见。视频中讨论了性别歧视如何在社会中表现，以及女性主义者如何通过挑战这些歧视来争取平等。

💡个人问题政治化

个人问题政治化是指将个人经历的问题视为更广泛的社会和政治问题的一部分。视频中提到了女性主义者的观点，即家庭暴力和育儿问题不应被视为个人或家庭的私事，而是社会权利不平等的体现。

Highlights

介绍了《从零开始的女权主义》一书，探讨了女权主义的真正内涵。

讨论了历史上三次重要的女权主义运动及其争取的权利。

指出了人们对女权主义的误解，尤其是认为女权主义追求的是女性特权。

强调了女权主义的核心目的是争取男女平等的社会权利。

提到了女权主义在日本的发展和社会学者上野千鶴子的贡献。

解释了女权主义的三个基本特征：争取平等权利、承认女性弱势地位、理论体系的多样性。

讨论了女性在父权社会中的自我厌恶和厌女症问题。

指出了女权主义内部不同理论派别之间的辩论和多样性。

提出了现代社会中女性仍然需要女权主义的原因。

介绍了社会AB面的理论与现代性别分工的默认划分。

讨论了现代社会中男女之间权力关系的不平等和父权意识形态。

分析了工作女性与家庭主妇之间的差距和矛盾。

强调了女性在家庭生活中争取平等权利的重要性。

提出了在婚姻中女性应该如何争取权利和改变现状的建议。

讨论了女性通过文化表达对抗文化压迫的方式。

鼓励女性在生活中勇于表达不满，挑战不公。

强调了在家庭中男女合作对抗父权社会的重要性。

提醒女性在争取权利时也要注意与男性的合作和沟通。

Transcripts

Hello everyone, welcome to the Wisdom Book Valley.

I wish you all a happy listening to the reading content of each issue.

The book I will interpret for you today

is Feminism from Scratch.

There is also a more common name

called feminism

. What do you think about feminism? If you have any opinions

, please leave a message in the comment area to discuss.

There have been three

far-reaching waves of feminist movement

in human history.

The first one appeared in the second half of the 19th century.

Women fought for

the right to vote, education and equal employment.

The second feminism The wave of movement

occurred in the 1960s and 1970s.

The rights fought for by this wave of movement were relatively specific

and mainly targeted at

inequality issues in society and family life

, such as demanding equal pay for equal work in the workplace

and opposing domestic violence at home.

The third wave occurred in the 20s. In the early 1990s,

the multiple value orientations of feminism were emphasized.

Although the specific demands were different,

the fundamental purpose of the three movements

was

to fight for equal social rights for women with men.

It can be said that women today

enjoy various rights in social life.

Social status

is largely

derived from

the efforts of generations of feminist pioneers.

However, many people

do not

have a good impression of feminism.

This

is of course because there are many theoretical factions of feminism,

and there are some comparisons among them.

On the other hand

, radical thinking is due to people's lack of understanding

and even misunderstandings

about feminism . So

what is the true connotation of feminism under various appearances?

Why do we still need feminism today?

What can ordinary people do for

us today? The book I am about to talk about

will answer these questions for you.

The authors of this book are two Japanese women,

one is

a leader of Japanese feminist theory and movement, and

the social scholar Chizuru Ueno is

a graduate of many universities such as

the University of Tokyo in Japan.

Educational institutions have been engaged in

the teaching and research

of feminist theory for more than 40 years.

She has authored many feminist works

such as Patriarchy and Capitalist Proverbs

. Hima Kosho has also interpreted these two books. In 2019, 71-year-old Chi Ueno

At the opening ceremony of the University of Tokyo, Tsuruko

delivered a speech titled "What awaits you

is a society where even hard work

will not reward you,"

which triggered a strong social response.

The other author of this book, the manga artist Yuko Tamafusa,

was inspired by this Inspired by the speech,

I conducted an interview about feminism

with Chizuru Ueno.

The content of this book is the transcript of this interview.

The book unfolds in the form of a dialogue between two people,

using relaxed and humorous language

to interpret serious feminist propositions for us. What

follows? I will divide it into three parts

to interpret the main contents of this book for you

: 1. What is feminism?

2. Why do we still need feminism today?

3. How do ordinary women

practice feminism in their lives?

First, let’s talk about what feminism is

. The first essential feature is that

he calls for equal rights

rather than privilege.

We

must first clarify

one of the biggest misunderstandings about feminism,

which is that feminism is

the idea that women should obtain privileges

like men.

Sexism is deeply rooted in human culture.

Since humans entered agricultural society,

as the mode of production changed to agricultural production,

men became the main labor force. Men

began to occupy a dominant position

in gender relations.

For thousands of years,

most social systems in the world have been patriarchal,

also called patriarchy.

Patriarchy

is a power relationship in which men dominate women. He

rationalizes the privileges by conferring privileges on men

through a systematic and structured system

and giving authority to men's roles and activities

. Therefore, many people believe that

women who want to swear women's

rights

must strive to be the same as men.

In this way,

the male group

as vested interests will feel

that their privileged status has been challenged and threatened.

Therefore, the feminist movement is resisted in many places.

Feminists are often criticized verbally and written by anti-feminists,

mainly men.

For example , the second wave

of the feminist movement that emerged from the 1960s to the 1980s

called for equality in employment between men and women.

Under the influence of this movement,

Japan

enacted the Equal Employment Opportunities Law for Men and Women in 1985,

stipulating that

women can also enter

comprehensive positions

in companies where men work. Give full play to the main business of judgment

instead of only engaging in auxiliary business.

At that time, many men in Japan

invariably adopted the attitude of

female colleagues who were in the same comprehensive positions

as them.

If you have the ability, stop being a woman and

come and grab me.

I will show off with you. The high-pressure attitude

of men and their rebellious mood

once led to

a very serious phenomenon of involution in comprehensive positions.

Employees’ work tasks have become increasingly heavy and

their working hours have become longer.

If men regard feminists as competitors,

they will demand

in all aspects Women must act like them.

For example, in South Korea, where men are required to serve in the military,

anti-feminist sentiment is more serious

because those men believe that

since women do not have to serve in the military,

they are not qualified to demand equality.

Young Master Qian Hertz pointed out that

feminism means that women must become men. The point of view

is a fundamental misunderstanding of feminism. Feminism

is

not about making women become another group of privileged people

, because gaining

privileges will lead to new discrimination and oppression.

What feminists aspire to

is not to replace men and

create another inequality. Instead

, we want to create a

world where both men and women can have equal rights.

Feminism has always called for equal rights

, not privileges.

Chizuru Ueno summed up feminism like this. Feminism

is by no means about women acting like men

or the weak trying to become The thought of the strong

Feminism

is the pursuit of the idea that the weak can also be respected. It

recognizes that women are weaker than men.

This is the second essential feature of feminism.

In a patriarchal society,

men who have a dominant position in social rights

are the strong ones.

Women in a subjugated position are weak.

Feminists

realize that the unfair distribution of social rights

and the subjugated status of women

want to change this situation

in all aspects of social life

. However, many people

among the female group

are very taboo

about their appearance. The saying that women are weak

is because they cannot admit their own weaknesses

and cannot tolerate women who are also women

expressing their victim position.

For example, many daughters will sympathize with their mothers who are dominated by their fathers,

and at the same time they cannot tolerate their mothers' submissiveness.

This is because they are both women. Women

will be miserable when they see the weaknesses of their female compatriots

and at the same time feel hatred.

Chizuru Ueno

defines this kind of female self-hatred

as misogyny

, just like

men can’t stand being called a coward.

Maybe

they will risk their lives

just because of this

. Misogyny among women

will also make them feel ashamed of being weak

and start a struggle.

This is also

the reason why many women become feminists.

Chizuru Ueno believes that feminists

are misogynistic.

Because if you are not misogynistic,

there is no need to be a feminist,

because they do not need to fight.

So-called feminists

are actually

people who are constantly fighting against internal misogyny.

In addition

, feminism has a third essential feature,

which does not have a complete unity. The theoretical system of

feminism means that

feminism is pluralistic.

There are many theoretical factions of feminism.

It is even said that there is one person and one faction

. This means that there are as many feminists as there are in the world.

Feminist

researchers have roughly divided into 11

different theoretical factions.

There may be huge differences between

some factions. Some factions have more radical views,

while others are relatively moderate.

Different factions often have tit-for-tat

debates over certain specific issues

, such as whether women should dress themselves up.

Moderates will believe that

it is necessary and necessary for women to pursue beauty. What we should reasonably

oppose is the pathological

single aesthetic centered on male beauty standards.

Their goal is to establish a diverse and personalized beauty

. For example, a person can choose to be fat or thin

, whiten or tan himself.

Radicals will I think women should not dress up at all

, especially not to dress themselves up sexy and charming,

because this is to please men,

so plastic surgery and other cosmetics are not acceptable.

It is best not to even use cosmetics

. Also

, should women go to the battlefield

or become firefighters like men?

Whether women should let men pay for themselves, whether the social etiquette

of ladies first

should exist,

etc.

These issues

have often become

the focus

of debate between different feminist factions.

Ueno Chizuru pointed out that

feminism advocates women to be themselves,

so feminism itself It should be

that a variety of

different ideas will collide with each other.

There is no distinction

between orthodoxy and heresy. In fact, many questions related to feminism

cannot be answered simply

whether women dress themselves to please men.

Should women choose career or family?

These questions themselves There is no standard answer.

What is really interesting

is the influence of controversial topics.

For example, in 2017,

a Japanese female congresswoman named Nozomi Asahikata

brought her 7-month-old child to the parliament.

As a result, she received a serious written letter from the speaker. Warning:

This incident

sparked a discussion

in Japanese society about whether it is good or bad for

women to bring their children to work

. Although there was no discussion in the end,

this incident

successfully aroused Japanese society

's attention to the living conditions of women in the workplace.

There are many such debates.

It may bring results from quantitative to qualitative changes.

For example, the government may introduce more detailed legislation

to better protect the rights and interests of women

in the workplace. Chizuru Ueno believes that

feminism does not need to be afraid of debate

, but it cannot fall into malicious mutual abuse.

The purpose of debate

should be to arouse More people

are paying attention to and attaching importance to the topic of feminism.

That’s the content of the first part.

We talked about the three essential characteristics of feminism.

First, she calls for equal rights rather than privilege.

Second, she acknowledges that women are weak.

Third, she includes Multiple Theoretical System

Next, let’s talk about the content of the second part.

Why do we still need feminism today?

Compared with other eras in history, the situation of women’s rights

in contemporary society

has changed a lot.

Three waves of feminist movements

have made women We have considerable social rights

in all aspects of politics, economy, culture

, society and family.

So do we still need feminism today?

The answer is yes

, because the background of human culture is still difficult to fully control

. For example

, there is still a tacit division of labor between men and women at the social level.

The author Nagako Tamafusa

proposed a theory of AB side of society

to explain

the default gender division of labor in modern society

. He pointed out that there are side A and side B of society,

politics, economy, time, employment,

these are the side A of society,

and side B is life,

childcare and care. Illnesses, disabilities, etc.

Men and women in modern society

are on side A at the beginning.

However, as pregnancy, childbirth and childcare begin,

women have to move to avoidance

hospitals. For example,

if you tell her that you have signs of miscarriage,

please rest at home.

At this time,

women It is very difficult to

negotiate this issue

with the company on side A. In short, at a certain stage of life,

women have to keep going back and forth between side a

and side. Men,

they may be

transferred to side A due to illness and injury.

Otherwise,

they basically stay on side a.

Even after getting married and having children,

men are usually only responsible for making money and supporting the family on side A.

If women do not make demands

or try to break down the barriers on side A,

men will hardly actively participate in side B.

It is not only an invisible social division of labor problem, but also

the patriarchal ideology

in modern society. It is still the starting point of many men’s thinking,

even if it is expressed euphemistically and concealed.

For example, when talking about gender issues,

when people explain the harm of sexual violence to men,

they often say

that you

can understand this by imagining that your girlfriend, wife or daughter is a victim.

How cruel and inhumane

, but this statement is actually problematic.

Why do we have to

imagine that our wives and daughters are victims?

Chizuru Ueno pointed out that

the source of this kind of thinking

is the deep-rooted patriarchal ideology

that regards women as accessories

to men. The idea that

sexual assault will damage that accessory

only takes into account the power relationship between men.

It is difficult to say that it truly respects women.

Similarly, when a man confesses to a woman and

asks me to protect you for the rest of my life,

it may just be because

he regards women as his own. The habitual thinking of possessions

, the correct attitude towards women is not so-called pampering

but respect and equality.

Moreover,

there are still differences and divisions among women.

For example, working women and housewives

, married people and single people

, women with children and women without children

often It’s hard to be on the same side, so

let’s talk about

the gap between working women and housewives.

Around 2010,

there was still a

tragic value in Japanese society where women relied on work to survive

. Yuko Tabo mentioned that

when he gave birth to his first child in 2012

I heard someone say that

people who want their children to go to daycare are pitiful

because those people think

it must be because your husband’s salary is too low

and you have to go out to work

. However, the situation changed quickly

in 2017

when Nagako Tamafusa gave birth to her second child.

There's no one around anymore who says that.

In just five years,

Japan has undergone tremendous changes.

There are more professional women

, especially those occupying high-level management positions.

The number of professional women has increased rapidly.

These women have the same generous annual salary

as men. They dress decently

and walk with style.

People

will gradually develop a sense of identity with them.

At the same time, housewives who once occupied the mainstream

began to become unpopular.

They even developed a sense of relative deprivation.

What does this mean?

It means the subjective dissatisfaction and lack of feeling caused by

seeing others having things that one does not have

, which is similar to a why-should-I Such

a feeling of

being at a disadvantage , and for working women,

they

adopt a respectful

and slightly discriminatory attitude

towards housewives . This creates contradictions and opposition.

In fact, housewives, like working women,

continue to create value for the family and society

. In the system of patriarchal society,

the value of housewives’ labor

cannot be evaluated in monetary terms.

Therefore, Chizuru Ueno believes that

similar contradictions between women have been magnified.

He said that we must be aware of

the real causes of embarrassment for ourselves.

It is not the other party who is

also a woman who is behind the scenes. It is

the patriarchal society. In short, the patriarchal social culture

determines that inequality between the sexes will exist for a long time.

Therefore,

women must continue to fight for equal rights.

Feminism

is related to the vital interests of every woman

. Only by uniting all women can we succeed.

Even if you are not a feminist, you

can still practice feminism in your life.

Part 3

Let’s talk about

how ordinary women practice feminism in their lives. First of all

, women who are disadvantaged groups

in social life

You can speak out

,

voice your dissatisfaction, question, anger and worry about

things that make you feel uncomfortable. This incident that makes you feel uncomfortable

may not be an individual incident

, but it may be caused by the disparity in rights between the sexes. It

arose in the 1960s and 1970s. During

the second wave

of the women's movement in the 1990s , there was a slogan at that time: "Personal is political

" , which means that personal issues are political issues.

This is what it means. For example,

in the view of feminists,

domestic violence when

a wife is beaten by her husband

is not a specific family emotional issue

, not an individual man's.

The problem of upbringing is not a problem of women's own shortcomings

, but a manifestation of social rights.

If women are men's appendages,

men can naturally dispose of their appendages as they please.

For example,

sexual harassment in the workplace

is also defined by feminists as

a society in which men control women. Expressing your

dissatisfaction loudly and expressively

is a powerful counterattack.

Dare to ask uncomfortable questions

, such as

why men occupy important positions

, or when you receive malicious gazes from men

and hear sexism. When making jokes,

dare to say please be respectful

or I don't think this

is funny.

When you feel offended

or disrespected,

you need to say no decisively

instead of forcing yourself to be polite in any situation

.

As Chizuru Ueno pointed out,

when we express all the confusion

and endurance,

you will find that

nothing is taken for granted

in this world. Today, with the boom of self-media,

more women can write letters and speak publicly.

To express one's own living conditions and thoughts.

Chizuru Ueno calls it using culture to resist culture.

For example, Yuko Tayoshi

is good at expressing his feminist ideas

through satirical cartoons .

His original intention of drawing feminist cartoons

is that he thinks that

there are certain things Even if you say it, it's hard to change,

but if you don't say it,

it won't change.

It's like if no one throws a stone,

there will be no waves in the calm water,

so even if you have little power,

you have to throw a stone as much as possible

in the hope of becoming bigger. Secondly,

if

women enter marriage and family life,

they will have more leverage to fight.

Although

marital issues are private issues,

they are also social issues related to gender and gender relations.

If the family is used as a unit,

the patriarchal positions can be defeated one by

one. It will bring about changes

in the entire society. Chizuru Ueno proposed that women

should kill each other

in marriage, which

originated from

an assassination and terrorist activity launched by the Japanese right-wing forces

. The idea of ​​killing one person in marriage means that

even if it is impossible, Change society immediately

, but if you think the other person is worthy

, spend your whole life at least changing this person.

This person is your husband.

How to change it specifically

is to constantly fight with your husband

to ask him to equally share the responsibilities of taking care of the family

, doing housework, raising children, etc.

We As mentioned earlier,

there are potential side A and

side B in society. Chizuru Nono proposed that

women, especially after giving birth

, must try to break the barriers between side A and side B

because once a wife is pregnant

, she must continue to travel between side A and side B

, and many husbands I only occasionally glance at side B

, but I can actually stay in side A

until the child is born.

Most wives will have to stay in side B

for a long time

, especially if

there are no elderly people at home to help.

If the husband doesn't go back and forth between side B and side A

to help his wife share

things, things will get very bad.

But the husband doesn't understand this.

Occasionally he comes to the instant

noodles to change diapers and make milk powder,

and he feels that he has helped a lot.

They are not motivated by this. Malice

is just a natural move

under the influence of deep-rooted male chauvinism.

If the wife can vent her dissatisfaction

and the husband does not escape

or

respond to his wife's emotional violence with greater violence,

it means that The husband has accepted his wife’s appeal.

Chizuru Ueno used the story of her friend as an example.

Her friend was a freelancer

and she had a free relationship with her husband.

After getting married, they soon conceived the fruit of love.

Her friend’s husband initially believed that the male should be the dominant wife and the female should be

the wife . In the eyes of the traditional Christian mind,

there is no housework

and no awareness of taking the initiative to take care of the children. He is

the kind of person who doesn’t know how to help

the oil bottle at home

because in his opinion,

it seems that it should be the wife’s business.

Finally one day

The friend couldn't bear it anymore.

The moment her husband was about to leave for work,

she hugged her husband's legs

and asked her

why she had never considered her feelings.

What did she want to do with her and the children

? Naturally, her husband was shocked.

But she didn't say anything about waiting until I get off work to talk about it.

Instead, she seriously thought about

why my wife was so angry.

Then

she took a day

off

to explain

everything to her husband.

He quickly changed to a job with relatively free time

to help his wife share the burden of taking care of the family and raising children.

Their family has since regained peace.

Later, when a friend

mentioned this incident with a smile, Chizuru Ueno said that

although his income had decreased,

Our relationship is much better,

but

there are too few wives like this in Japan.

Most Japanese women are in a state of avoiding quarrels

and not interfering with each other

in the relationship.

On Twitter,

you can see that many housewives’ chat

topics are: Say bad things

about your husband. For example, your husband said something outrageous last time,

and your husband doesn’t do anything at home. If

you search for this information, you can find tens of thousands

of

messages. Most of these messages

are made by women who just

vent their dissatisfaction

through these insinuating ways

but are unwilling to really challenge their husbands.

They all express the meaning of telling

my husband that it’s useless, forget it, I don’t count on him anymore.

Around 2010,

there was a sentence

in a Japanese parenting magazine that was popular at the time.

If your husband does nothing at home

, treat him

like a dog. Social culture

intentionally or unintentionally guides women

to avoid the struggle in marriage.

Chizuru Ueno is very opposed to such a marriage relationship.

He believes that marriage is a major choice that allows the other person to enter his life

and

also allows himself to enter the other person's life.

In the relationship between entering each other's life,

A person's life attitude and values

​​will be tested

, so that is also the best time for a person to understand himself.

Therefore, both husband and wife

should seriously complete

the step of penetrating into each other's field and breaking their own boundaries .

If they remain non-active and non-negotiated in the marriage

, even

It is very difficult to establish a truly good intimate relationship if you deliberately

avoid the interpersonal relationship that goes deep into the realm of others.

And

this kind of non-escape relationship must be established by women

, because men will not take the initiative to change.

They are vested interests.

This is also the focus of the feminist struggle.

In order for husbands to let go of their male rights,

they need to constantly break

the male rights they enjoy in the family.

Many small things can be investigated to the end.

For example, who goes to kindergarten

to pick up the children? You have to ask why I have to go

. Why can't you take a leave

or even cook a meal?

You can also ask why it was me who did it.

Yuko Tiankata believes that

life is the accumulation of trivial

matters. When couples encounter problems, they become more and more entangled with

each other. They have to think clearly and solve

every problem

, forcing the husband to compromise on specific problems.

Participating in housework and childcare

is like defeating the patriarchal society between husband and wife. Only when

one person kills one person

as a family unit and

defeats

the whole society one by one will the face of society change

. However, Yuko Tabō also reminded that

if the wife is too strong towards the husband

,

the wife will react in kind. Come and listen to what your husband has to say

, otherwise the relationship will deteriorate

because feminism is not simply about fighting men.

Feminism is more about finding ways to work with men to solve

the discrimination and prejudice brought about by

the patriarchal society

, and for our next generation.

Whether it is a boy or a girl,

the negotiation, struggle and alliance between parents

are their enlightenment about equality.

Your and my little efforts from scratch

may save them from having to start from scratch.

After listening to today’s explanation,

what new understanding do you have about feminism?

Welcome to leave a message in the comment area and discuss

it. This book Feminism from Zero

will explain it to you here.