Characteristics of Living Things | Science | Grade-7,8| Tutway |

Summary

This educational video script delves into the fundamental characteristics of living organisms. It begins with an exploration of the natural environment, highlighting the presence of visible and microscopic life forms. A simple experiment contrasting sand with yeast demonstrates the respiration and waste production unique to living entities. The script then outlines key features of life, including growth, reproduction, self-repair, respiration, energy needs, environmental response, adaptation, a finite lifespan, waste production, and cellular composition. The engaging content is designed to educate viewers on the distinctions between living and non-living matter.

Takeaways

• 🌿 Living things can be observed in various environments, including those not visible to the naked eye such as microorganisms in air, water, and soil.
• 🔬 An experiment with sand and yeast demonstrated the difference between non-living (sand) and living (yeast) substances, with the yeast showing respiration and waste production.
• 🌱 Growth is a characteristic of living things, as they increase in size over time.
• 🌟 Reproduction is a key feature of living organisms, allowing them to produce offspring similar to themselves.
• 🛡️ Living things have the ability to repair themselves, maintaining their structure and function.
• 💨 Respiration, or the exchange of gases with the environment, is essential for living organisms to survive.
• ⚡️ Energy is required by all living things for various activities including reproduction, growth, movement, and metabolism.
• 🌍 Living organisms respond to changes in their environment, such as seeking food, avoiding predators, and adapting to different conditions.
• 🐾 All living things have a definite lifespan, growing for a certain period before they die.
• 🚮 Living organisms produce waste, which is released into the environment as a byproduct of their life processes.
• 🧬 All living things are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life, performing different functions in both single-celled and multicellular organisms.

Q & A

What are some examples of living things mentioned in the script?

The script mentions trees, birds, grass, deer, fish, lizards, ants, rats, and microorganisms as examples of living things.

Why are microorganisms not visible to the naked eye?

Microorganisms are not visible to the naked eye because they are extremely small, and their size is beyond the resolving power of the human eye.

What is the purpose of the experiment with sand and yeast in the script?

The experiment aims to demonstrate the difference between living and non-living things by observing their reactions to the addition of water and sugar.

How does the yeast react when mixed with water and sugar in the experiment?

The yeast produces bubbles and gases, indicating that it respires, exchanges gases, and uses water as food, which are characteristics of living things.

What happens to the balloon covering the yeast bottle in the experiment?

The balloon covering the yeast bottle fills with air, showing that gases are being produced by the yeast as a result of its metabolic activities.

What are the basic characteristics of living things discussed in the script?

The script discusses characteristics such as growth, reproduction, self-repair, respiration, energy requirement, response to environmental changes, obtaining food or energy, adaptation, having a definite lifespan, and producing waste.

How does the script define growth in living things?

Growth in living things is defined as an increase in size over time.

What is the significance of the ability to repair themselves in living organisms?

The ability to repair themselves allows living organisms to maintain their structure and function despite damage or injury.

Why do living things require energy according to the script?

Living things require energy to perform various activities such as reproduction, growth, movement, respiration, development, and metabolism.

How do living things respond to changes in their environment as mentioned in the script?

Living things respond to environmental changes by adapting to them, such as seeking food, protecting their young, and migrating for better resources.

What is the role of cells in living things as described in the script?

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living things. All living things are composed of one or more cells, with single-celled organisms performing all life processes and multicellular organisms having specialized cells for different functions.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Introduction to Living Things

The script begins by engaging the audience in a discussion about the characteristics of living organisms. It uses the example of a backcountry environment to illustrate the diversity of life, including visible entities like trees, birds, and deer, as well as microscopic life forms that are invisible to the naked eye but can be observed with a microscope. The narrator then introduces a simple experiment to differentiate between living and non-living matter, using sand and yeast. The experiment involves adding water and sugar to each, sealing them with balloons, and observing the changes. The yeast, being a living organism, reacts by consuming the sugar and water, producing waste in the form of bubbles, which causes the balloon to inflate. This demonstrates the fundamental processes of respiration and waste production in living things. The paragraph concludes by asserting that all living things require a source of food or energy and produce waste.

05:04

📚 Key Characteristics of Living Things

This paragraph delves into the various characteristics that define living organisms. It starts with growth, explaining that all living things increase in size over time. Reproduction is the next feature, highlighting that organisms produce offspring similar to themselves. The ability to repair themselves is also a key characteristic, as is respiration, where organisms exchange gases with their environment. The need for energy to perform life processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism is discussed. The paragraph also covers how living things respond to environmental changes, such as seeking food, protecting their young, and adapting to different conditions. It mentions the定向 growth of plants towards sunlight and moisture as examples of this adaptation. The script then touches on the definite lifespan of living organisms, providing examples of the average lifespan of various animals. The production of waste is another characteristic, with examples of how different organisms dispose of waste. Lastly, the paragraph emphasizes that all living things are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life, capable of performing all life processes in single-celled organisms or specialized functions in multicellular ones.

Keywords

💡Living Things

Living things are organisms that exhibit characteristics of life, such as growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. In the video, various examples of living things are given, including trees, birds, fish, and microorganisms. The video emphasizes that life is ubiquitous, existing in visible organisms like deer and rats, as well as in microscopic forms that require a microscope to be observed.

💡Microorganisms

Microorganisms are tiny living organisms that are difficult to see with the naked eye, including bacteria, fungi, and some small protozoa. The script mentions that there are millions of microorganisms present in the environment, particularly in air, water, and soil, which are invisible to us but can be seen with a microscope.

💡Respiration

Respiration is the process by which living organisms exchange gases, typically taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The video uses the example of yeast to illustrate respiration, where the yeast consumes sugar and water to produce waste in the form of bubbles, indicating the exchange of gases and the production of energy.

💡Growth

Growth refers to the increase in size or development of living organisms over time. The script mentions that all living things grow, which is a fundamental characteristic of life. It is exemplified in the video by discussing how all living things, from plants to animals, increase in size as they mature.

💡Reproduction

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. The video script notes that all living things reproduce, ensuring the continuation of their species. This is a key feature that distinguishes living things from non-living entities.

💡Repair

The ability to repair refers to the capacity of living organisms to heal or regenerate damaged parts. The script implies that all living things have this ability, which is crucial for their survival and maintenance of their structures.

💡Energy Requirement

All living things require energy to perform various life processes such as growth, movement, and reproduction. The video script explains that living organisms use food or other sources of energy to fuel these activities, highlighting the necessity of energy for life.

💡Response to Environment

Living organisms have the ability to respond to changes in their environment, which is essential for their survival. The script gives examples such as animals escaping predators and plants growing towards sunlight, showcasing how living things adapt and react to their surroundings.

💡Definite Lifespan

A definite lifespan means that living organisms have a limited period of life from birth to death. The video script provides various examples of lifespans, such as humans living for about a hundred years and mice for about four years, emphasizing that all living things have a specific duration of life.

💡Waste Production

All living things produce waste as a byproduct of their metabolic processes. The script explains that animals produce sweat, urine, and feces, while plants release oxygen and water vapor. Waste production is a natural part of the life cycle and an indicator of ongoing biological processes.

💡Cells

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. The video script states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, which are the building blocks of life. Single-celled organisms can perform all life processes on their own, while multicellular organisms have specialized cells that perform different functions.

Highlights

Introduction to the basic characteristics of living things.

Observation of a variety of living things in the environment.

Mention of microorganisms invisible to the naked eye.

Experiment to differentiate between living and non-living things using sand and yeast.

Description of the experiment setup with bottles, water, and sugar.

Observation of changes in the sand bottle indicating non-living characteristics.

Observation of changes in the yeast bottle indicating living characteristics.

Explanation of yeast respiration and waste production.

Conclusion on living things using food, energy, and releasing gases and waste.

Discussion on the first feature of living things: growth.

Explanation of reproduction as a characteristic of living things.

Ability of living things to repair themselves.

Respiration and gas exchange as vital for living things.

Energy requirement for living things' activities.

Living things' response to environmental changes.

Adaptation to environmental changes by living things.

Definite lifespan of all living things.

Production of waste by living things.

All living things are composed of one or more cells.

Single-celled organisms' ability to perform all life processes.

Multicellular organisms' specialized cells for different functions.

Summary of the characteristics of living things discussed.

Transcripts

hi friends today we will learn

and revise the basic characteristics of

living things

so let's start have you ever been to a

back country

you can see and observe a variety of

living things in the environment

there are trees birds grass deer

fish lizards ants rats

and so many living things in the

environment

are there any more living things in this

environment

yes there are a lot more that you can't

see with your naked eyes

in the air water and soil

there are millions of microorganisms

that we can't see with our naked eyes

always present in our environment

even in the water even in the air

and even in the soil for example

take a sample of soil it has lots of

microorganisms that you can't see

take any sample of water from any water

body

it has lots of microorganisms present in

that you can see with the help of

a microscope not with your naked eye

even in the air you read there are a lot

of microorganisms that you can't see

with your naked eye but you can see them

with a microscope

so life is everywhere and in

any environment now we will conduct a

small experiment

to see the difference between living and

non-living things

here we have equal amounts of

sand and yeast sand is

rough whitish and has larger particles

whereas yeast is smooth in color smaller

in size

and ovular sand is non-living

and yeast is a living thing now take

two clear bottles add some sand to one

and yeast to the other

now add water and a little sugar

[Music]

take two balloons and cover the mouths

of the bottles with them

the mouth of the bottles should be

completely sealed by the balloon

now look at the following picture in the

sand bottle

the sand has sunk to the bottom

no changes were visible in the bottle

the water is clear and

the balloon is completely deflated there

is no

air in it now in the second bottle

the yeast seems to be floating in the

water

the water has become cloudy and

we can also see that some bubbles have

risen to the top

and the balloon seems to be filled with

some

air now let's study these changes

the sand balloon has no air in it there

is no change in the color of the water

and nothing is happening with the sand

but

in the case of the yeast the yeast

produce bubbles

and some gases because the yeast use

sugar

and water to produce some waste

the bubbles coming out is the waste

produced by the yeast

which is why there is some air in the

yeast balloon

it shows that as the yeast is a living

thing

it respires exchanges gases and

also use the water as food

it shows that as the yeast

is a living thing it respires

exchanges gases and also

use the water as food and

produced waste we can

conclude that all living things use some

source of food

or energy and also release some gases

and waste now

let's learn some more features of living

things

the first feature is growth

all living things increase in size with

time next is

reproduction all living things reproduce

their same kinds next

is the ability to repair themselves

all living things are able to repair

themselves

respiration all living things respire

or exchange gases with the environment

energy requirement all living things

require

energy to do various activities like

reproduction

growth movement respiration development

and metabolism next is

response to changes in their environment

all living things respond to their

environment

for example all living things try to

escape

from their predators and to protect

their young ones

from predators all living things

arranged for food or a source of energy

for themselves and their young ones

all plants grow in the direction of

moist soil all leaves face the sunlight

to get maximum of it

all living things adapt to various

environmental

changes birds and animals migrate for

better resources

plants may grow in the direction of

sunlight the next characteristic of

living things

are that they have a definite lifespan

all living things have a definite

lifespan

they grow for a certain period of time

and then

die for example humans live for about a

hundred years

cows live for about 20 years

pigeons have an average lifespan of 26

years

mice have an average lifespan of four

years

foxes have an average lifespan of 15

years

and dogs have an average lifespan of 14

years

so all types of animals birds

and all other living things have a

definite range of lifespan

the next characteristic is that they

produce

waste all living things produce some

kind of waste

and release that into the environment

all animals birds produce sweat urinate

defecate and produce carbon dioxide as

waste

plants produce oxygen and water vapors

as waste and the very next

important characteristic of living

things is that

all living things are made up of at

least one cell

or they are made up of only one or more

cells

all living things are composed of cells

some are made up of only one cell

and some are made up of many cells even

single cell organisms

are able to perform all the life

processes

and are self-sufficient in multicellular

organisms specialized cells are there

for carrying out

different functions and in the case of

single celled organisms

different organelles of the cell perform

different functions so friends

today we have revised the

characteristics

of living things we will learn about

them

in detail in our next sections