Abo Blood Grouping Test Procedure

Summary

This video tutorial demonstrates the process of ABO and Rh blood grouping using a diagnostic kit containing monoclonal antibodies. It outlines the necessary materials, including a clean glass light, pricking device, and test kit with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D reagents. The procedure involves pricking a finger, applying blood drops, adding reagents, and observing for agglutination. The video concludes with interpreting the results, showcasing various blood group patterns, and encourages viewers to engage with the channel.

Takeaways

• 🧬 Diagnostic labs use monoclonal antibodies to identify ABO and Rh blood groups.
• 💧 Anti-A (blue), Anti-B (yellow), and Anti-D (colorless) are the reagents used for blood grouping.
• 📦 The diagnostic kit includes vials of antibodies and a dropper for precise reagent application.
• 🔎 A clean glass light, tile, or test plate is necessary for observing blood reactions.
• 💉 A pricking device like a lancet or pricking pen is used to obtain a blood sample.
• 🔄 Homogenize the antibody vials and let them equilibrate to room temperature before testing.
• 🩸 Sterilize the finger and prick it to collect blood drops for testing.
• 🔵 Place blood drops on the glass light and add reagents for Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D to respective drops.
• 🚫 Do not use the same mixing tool for all blood drops to avoid cross-contamination.
• ⏱️ Allow the blood and reagent mixtures to sit undisturbed for 30 seconds to a few minutes.
• 🔍 Clumping of red blood cells indicates a positive reaction and helps determine the blood group.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the diagnostic kit used in blood grouping?

The diagnostic kit is used for ABO and Rh blood grouping, which consists of monoclonal antibodies for A, B, and Rh antigens.

What are the color codes for the monoclonal antibodies in the blood grouping test kit?

Anti-A (anti-Era A) is blue, Anti-B (Anti-Era B) is yellow, and Anti-D (Anti-Era D) is colorless.

What materials are needed to perform the ABO and Rh blood grouping test?

A clean glass light, a white porcelain tile, a pricking device, alcohol swab, and a blood grouping test kit with anti-A, B, and D antibody vials are needed.

How should the anti-Era antibody vials be prepared before the test?

The contents of the vials should be homogenized by inverting each bottle three to five times and allowed to equilibrate to room temperature.

How is the blood sample collected for the test?

The tip of the middle or ring finger is sterilized with alcohol, allowed to dry, and then pricked using a lancet or pricking pen.

Where should the blood drops be placed on the glass light?

Four drops of blood should be placed on the glass light at more or less equal distances from each other, not too close to the edges.

What is the purpose of the fourth blood drop on the slide?

The fourth blood drop serves as a negative control, to which only a drop of normal saline is added.

How should the blood and reagent drops be mixed on the slide?

Each blood drop should be mixed individually with the corresponding reagent using a different toothpick, match stick, or capillary tube.

What is the expected outcome after mixing the blood and reagents?

The presence or absence of agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells (RBCs) in the mixture drops is observed after allowing the slide to sit undisturbed for 30 seconds to a couple of minutes.

How is the blood group determined based on the test results?

The blood group is determined by which of the three drops mixed with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D reagents exhibit RBC clumping.

What does the absence of clumping in the negative control indicate?

The absence of clumping in the negative control indicates that the test was performed correctly, and if clumping is observed, the experiment may need to be repeated.