Fabrication and Testing on Rice Husks and Rice Starch Mixture as an Alternative Insulation Material
Summary
TLDRThe study explores the potential of rice husk and rice starch mixture as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional insulation materials for window-type air conditioning units. Through various tests, including ASTM standards and ANSYS simulation, the researchers found that a specific mixture (25% rice husk ash and 75% starch) demonstrated superior insulating properties with the lowest thermal conductivity. The study concludes that this sustainable material could be a viable option for thermal insulation, offering both environmental and economic benefits.
Takeaways
- π± The study focuses on developing a sustainable and cost-effective insulation material using rice husk and rice starch for window type air conditioning units.
- π‘οΈ Thermal insulation in air conditioning systems is crucial for reducing heat gain or loss, and the study aims to find an alternative to conventional materials like polyester, foam, and polyethylene foam.
- π The researchers are investigating the benefits of using rice husk as an insulating material due to its low thermal conductivity, which prevents heat from passing through easily.
- π§ͺ The study will determine the properties of the rice husk and starch mixture, its advantages over commercial insulation materials, and the cost-effectiveness of the proposed material.
- π The research has specific objectives, including fabricating and testing the new composite insulating material and determining its thermal properties using ASTM standards and ANSYS software.
- π The study's significance lies in maximizing the use of agricultural waste, such as rice husks, and analyzing its potential as an alternative insulation material for air conditioning units.
- π The literature review highlights common problems with air conditioning insulation, such as wear and tear, and the importance of thermal conductivity and resistance in insulation materials.
- π§ The methodology involves treating raw rice husk, creating a mixture with rice starch and a foaming agent, and testing the resulting insulation boards for thermal properties.
- π Experimental results showed that a specific mixture (Board D with 25% rice husk ash and 5% starch) had the lowest thermal conductivity, indicating better insulating properties.
- πΉ Cost analysis revealed that the proposed rice husk insulation boards are more economical compared to commercial polyethylene foam, making them a viable alternative.
- π¬ ANSYS simulations were used to model the thermal conductivity of the rice husk-based insulation, validating the experimental results and providing additional insights into heat transfer.
Q & A
What is the main objective of the study presented in the transcript?
-The main objective of the study is to fabricate and test a mixture of rice husk and rice starch as an alternative insulation material for window type air conditioning units.
Why is there a need to develop alternative insulation materials for air conditioning units?
-There is a need to develop alternative insulation materials to address the crisis in sustainable growth and environmental stability, by creating cost-effective, durable, and lower embodied energy construction materials.
What are the common insulation materials used for air conditioning units?
-Common insulation materials used for air conditioning units include polyester foam, polyethylene foam, and rockwool.
What are the benefits of using rice husk as an insulation material?
-Rice husk has low thermal conductivity, which means it does not let heat pass through easily, making it an effective insulator.
What are the specific questions the study aims to answer?
-The study aims to answer questions such as the properties of the rice husk and starch mixture, the optimal ratio for the mixture, the advantages over commercial insulation materials, the cost of the proposed rice husk insulation, and the processes involved in achieving good insulation.
What are the general and specific objectives of the study?
-The general objective is to have an alternative insulation material, while the specific objectives include fabricating and testing the new composite insulating material, determining the capabilities of each thermal property using ASTM standard experimental setup and ANSYS software, and analyzing the effectiveness of rice husk ash as an insulator.
How does the study define thermal conductivity and thermal resistance?
-Thermal conductivity is defined as the ability of a material to conduct heat, while thermal resistance is the ability of a material to resist heat flow.
What are the methods used to determine the thermal properties in the study?
-The methods used to determine the thermal properties include ASTM E1461-13 for thermal diffusivity using the flash method, and ASTM C177-04 for thermal transmission properties using guarded hot plate apparatus.
What is the significance of the study in terms of resource utilization?
-The study aims to maximize the usage of rice husks, which are agricultural waste materials, by turning them into a valuable insulation material for air conditioning units.
What are the scope and limitations of the study?
-The study focuses on the analysis of the mixture of rice husk and rice starch as an insulation material for window type air conditioning units, and it does not extend to other types of air conditioning systems or insulation materials.
What are the conclusions drawn from the study regarding the effectiveness of the rice husk and starch mixture as an insulation material?
-The study concludes that the rice husk and starch mixture, specifically sample board D with 25% rice husk ash and 5% starch, has the lowest thermal conductivity and highest thermal resistivity, making it an effective and economical alternative to commercial insulation materials.
Outlines
π± Introduction to Rice Husk Insulation Research
Denzel Rapanan introduces a study on the fabrication and testing of a rice husk and rice starch mixture as an alternative insulation material for window-type air conditioning units. The study aims to address the global crisis of sustainable growth and environmental stability by developing cost-effective, durable construction materials with lower embodied energy. The researchers are particularly interested in the benefits of rice husk as an insulation material and will investigate its thermal properties, compatibility, and cost-effectiveness compared to commercial insulation materials like polyethylene foam. The study will use ASTM standard experimental setups and ANSYS software for testing.
π Review of Insulation Materials and Theoretical Considerations
The script reviews common insulation materials like polyester, foam, and polyethylene foam, and discusses the importance of thermal insulation in air conditioning systems. It highlights the need for further innovation in insulation materials. Rice husk ash is presented as a potential insulator due to its low thermal conductivity. The script also covers the physical properties and chemical composition of rice husk ash, and the ASTM terminology guide for standard thermal insulation. Theoretical considerations include the modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) and the theories that will be used to guide the study, such as the Fourier's law of heat conduction.
π¨ Methodology for Insulation Material Production and Testing
The methodology chapter details the process of producing and testing the rice husk and rice starch insulation material. It includes the treatment of raw rice husk, thermal treatment to produce rice husk ash, and the use of rice starch as a binding agent. The mixture is then combined with a foaming agent to create the insulation board. The testing involves the use of ASTM C177 for steady-state heat flux measurement and thermal transmission properties using a guarded hot plate apparatus. Due to pandemic limitations, the researchers adapted the testing method based on a study by Tech Science. The chapter also discusses the use of ANSYS software for simulating the thermal properties of the insulation material.
π Results and Analysis of Insulation Material Testing
Ashley Puyat reports on the results and analysis of the experimental insulation boards. The group fabricated four boards with varying mixture percentages of rice husk ash and starch. The boards were tested for thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity, and thermal diffusivity using experimental setups and ANSYS simulation. The results showed that Board D, with a composition of 25% rice husk ash and 5% starch, had the lowest thermal conductivity, making it the most effective insulator. The cost analysis revealed that the experimental boards were more economical compared to commercial polyethylene foam. ANSYS simulations confirmed the experimental results, showing good agreement between computed and simulated data.
π Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research
The researchers conclude that they have successfully fabricated a thermal insulation board using rice husk ash and rice starch. Sample board 4 demonstrated the best insulation characteristics with a thermal conductivity of 0.0396 watts per meter kelvin. The material is not only cost-effective and renewable but also does not emit toxic substances. Recommendations for future research include educating researchers on advanced heat transfer principles and operating various laboratory equipment. It also suggests conducting tests using recommended equipment for determining thermal productivity and exploring the use of more biomass resources and different binding agents for improved fire retardancy.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Sustainable Growth
π‘Thermal Insulation
π‘Embodied Energy
π‘Rice Husk
π‘Rice Starch
π‘Thermal Conductivity
π‘ASTM Standards
π‘Polyethylene Foam
π‘Thermal Resistivity
π‘Thermal Diffusivity
Highlights
The study focuses on developing sustainable and cost-effective construction materials with lower embodied energy for air conditioning systems.
Thermal insulation in air conditioning systems is crucial for reducing heat gain or loss and preventing water vapor and freezing on cold surfaces.
Common insulation materials like polyester, foam, and polyethylene foam are being re-evaluated for environmental impact.
Rice husk is explored as a potential insulation material due to its low thermal conductivity and natural availability.
The study aims to determine the properties of rice husk and starch mixtures for use in window type air conditioning units.
The research questions address the ratio mixture, advantages over commercial materials, cost, and processes involved in achieving good insulation.
The study's goal is to establish if rice husk and starch mixture can match the thermal properties of polyethylene foam.
General and specific objectives include fabricating a new composite insulating material and determining its thermal properties using ASTM standards.
The significance of the study lies in maximizing the use of rice husks as a waste material and analyzing its potential as an alternative insulation.
The study's scope is limited to the analysis of rice husk and rice starch mixtures for air conditioning insulation.
Literature review includes common problems with air conditioning insulation and the importance of maintaining efficiency.
Rice husk's insulating properties, such as low thermal conductivity, make it an effective alternative to traditional insulators.
The study utilizes theories of heat transfer, including conduction, convection, and radiation, to understand insulation effectiveness.
The methodology involves treating raw rice husk, thermal treatment, and combining it with rice starch and a foaming agent to create an insulation board.
Experimental setups based on ASTM C177 and E1461-13 standards are used to test the thermal resistance and conductivity of the boards.
Cost analysis shows that the proposed rice husk insulation boards are more economical compared to commercial polyethylene foam.
ANSI software is used for thermal analysis to reduce energy consumption and improve the understanding of heat transfer in the composite materials.
The study successfully fabricated thermal insulation boards with varying ratios of rice husk ash and starch, showing potential for sustainable insulation.
Recommendations for future research include exploring more biomass resources and improving the study with advanced heat transfer knowledge and equipment.
Transcripts
um good day i am denzel rapanan and we
are the group to present our
uh this is titled fabrication and
testing on rice husk and rice starch
mixture as an alternative insulation
material or window type air conditioning
unit
i'm here to discuss
our overview and background of the study
so with the world facing a crisis in
terms of sustainable growth and
environmental stability the
responsibility is on the engineer
community to develop cost effective and
durable construction material having
lower embodied energy
in the air conditioning system
thermal insulation is mainly to reduce
the heat gain or heat loss from piping
other considerations include stopping of
water paper and freezing
and condensing on cold surfaces with
further innovation
there are many materials used for
insulation example for this is polyester
foam and polyethylene foam which is
classified as the insulation material
used for a conditioning unit hence there
are other materials to consider for
making thermal insulation and for us
researchers
we are here to study about
the benefits of rice husk
as insulation material
for air conditioning unit
so for this study
the use of rice has as insulation
material will be focused on the air
conditioning insulation
this study would also like to know the
compatibility of the mixture and whether
it would affect its properties to
insulate the window type air
conditioning unit
specifically this study will seek to
answer the following question
what are the properties
what are the ratio mixture and what are
this advantage and advantage
to
the commercialized insulation material
and
what are the
cost of the proposed prices starch
insulation and lastly what are the
processes involved in to achieve good
insulation
this paper aims to determine if this
mixture of rice has and starch will be
have comparable thermal properties
compared to polyethylene foam
for it
to be able to become an alternative
material to the commercialized
polyethylene foam as an insulation
the study has general and specific
objectives and it stated that the
researchers aim to have an alternative
insulation
and to fabricate
and test the new composite insulating
material also the researchers will
determine the capabilities of each
thermal properties using astm standard
experimental setup and ansys software
for testing
so for the significance of the study the
researchers want to maximize the usage
of rice has passed
the study aims to analyze if the rest
has can serve as an alternative
insulation for the conditioning and the
primary british studies of this
study are the farmers
and for the scope and limitation this
study will only focus
on the analysis of mixture of rice haas
and rice starch
as in as an insulation material for
window type air conditioning
specifically these are the following as
at it as it is stated
next is
our
rrl or review of related literature
so one of the important uh things in
buying air conditioning units
especially in residential is to have a
maintenance checkup to ensure the safety
one
no
there are many common problems that has
been faced by many people when it comes
to air conditioning from time to time
there are times that insulation has been
worn out and this could have a lesser
efficiency when it comes to work
so the researchers
collect data
to know more about the insulation
material used for air conditioning unit
and which is
is a polyethylene foam
insulation is one of the most important
aspects in critical functioning of any
air conditioning system when it comes to
its work insulation is utilized to
reduce energy loss and increase
efficiency
close cell polyethylene foam fiberglass
polyethylene and rockwool are the five
forms of insulation used in air
conditioning
this table stated that
the price for each pulley
for each insulation used in air
conditioning
next is rice's ass has several good
qualities of insulating properties which
make in an effective alternative
insulator these properties involve very
low thermal conductivity which means
that it does not let heat pass through
it easily
so according to this table and figure
stated
the different
uh physical properties of rice has
chemical composition and
the unburned and burned in rice
in continuation of the review of related
literature the table 3-1 astm
terminology guide for standard thermal
insulation is presented
thermal conductivity help to justify
what a certain material feels cooler to
the touch than other material on the
other hand
thermal resistance is the ability of the
material to resist hit flow
according to the table 3-1 represented
that test the thermal conductivity is
c117-04
which is the steady state heat flux
measurement and the thermal transmission
properties by means of guard hot plate
apparatus
and also the astm e1461-3
which is the termination of a thermal
diffusivity by means of flash method
for the theoretical considerations these
theories that have been considered with
help us in line to achieve our
objectives and answer the statement of
the problem
that will be used for the study
one of the theories considered is the
mode of heat of transfer insulation is
creating a barrier that will lessen or
minimize the heat of
transfer of heat energy from one
substance to another
insulations come in three different heat
transfer modes
this are conduction
convection or radiation
there are cases of insulation
manufactured from rice
ask ash
mixed with starch as binder that will
minimize the heat transfer occurring
from air surrounding
also
there are window type of air
conditioning unit
which the moded heat of transfer will be
conduction of gas to solid
using the theory of conduction stating
that the formula for conduction
is the rate of heat of conduction is
equals to the thermal conductivity of
the material
which is negative
times
to the area
times
to the temperature difference over its
thickness
so these two are the things needed to
provide
and to prove for the study first is the
properties of rice hash ashes combine
starch as insulator
and also the performance test for the
assessment of rice has starch mixture
efficiency
so the rice ash is an instance of
agricultural waste material
and they can mostly be found in rice
body fields in rural parts of the
country
rice hash is composed of 50 cellulose 30
percent linear and twenty percent celica
so there are a lot of various studies
and tests has been applied applied to
those studies
which shows on the effectivity
as an insulator
that has rice hashes on it by using the
method of hot plate method
[Music]
thermal conductivity can be determined
by producing a heat flow through a slab
sheet sample with the thickness with an
area and determining the temperature
differential
furthermore heat flow rate can also be
determined through melted water using
guarded hot plate experimental apparatus
with a formula of
rate of heat flow is equals to specific
heat of fusion of ice which is
334 kilojs per kilogram is multiplied to
the mass of melted water which is in
kilograms and divided by the change of
time which is in seconds
there are two equation which is the heat
flux and
the fourier fundamental equation for the
heat flux heat flux is the quantity of
heat transported to or from a surface
per unit area per unit time
heat transfer rate per unit time and the
region 2 or from which the heat is
transferred will be determined
for the formula of heat flux the heat
flux is equal to the rate of heat flow
over its area
looking on the right side for the
fourier fundamental equation
the thermal conductivity
was calculated
with the use of the fourier fundamental
equation
by using
this formula this can be suitable for
sandwich systems systems
looking at the equation 3.10
the thermal conductivity is equals the
rate of heat flow multiplied
to the distance of the sample
over the change in temperature is
multiplied to the area of the sample
there are two formulas
these formulas can be used in
determining the sum of the insulation
properties needed for the study so first
is the thermal diffusivity
as you can see on the upper part
the thermal diffusivity is equal to the
thickness of the board it is
it is squared
all over the slope is multiplied by four
well the thermal resistivity this can be
calculated
by
the thickness of the board is divided
the thermal conductivity multiplied to
the area of the board
for the thermal diffusivity this is
defined as the rate of which materials
temperature spreads it is the process of
determining the amount of heat
transferred through a material
while the thermal resistivity is a
property of heat and measurement of the
temperature differential
over which an item or substance receives
a heat flow or in other words thermal
resistance refers to a material's
capacity to receive a passage of heat
another consideration is the thermal
insulation standards
based from the table above which is the
astm terminology guide for standard
thermal insulation
there are two methods in determining the
thermal properties
and has been used in the study
the first one is the astm
e1461-13 which determines the thermal
diffusivity by means of flash method
the other one is c177-04
which determines the thermal
transmission properties and using a
steady-state heat flux measurements by
using guarded heart beta parameters
some all of the properties that can be
computed
is the thermal conductivity and the
thermal resistance
these properties are related of concept
of heat transfer
thermal conductivity relates heat
flowing through a sample of the
temperature of the sample on opposite
sides
while thermal resistance is the ability
of material to resist heat flow
considering that using
a thermocouple that has been attached to
opposite sides of the sample both the
thermal conductivity and the thermal
resistance of the sample can be
calculated
chapter 4 methodology
this chapter includes the method and
equipment that were used in gathering
the data for the assessment of the
testing and simulating of insulation
material made from rice house starch
mixture
the diagram on the left shows the
process in production of lighthouse
ashes that i will be discussing in this
chapter the figure on the right shows
the materials for the insulation board
which includes the foaming agent or the
azo dyker bonamite
rice starch rice has ash and the mother
after obtaining the necessary materials
you would then start treating the raw
rice husk to remove unnecessary
substance
acolyte recruitment of the rice has
using a 10 sodium hydroxide or naoh and
90
distilled water for 90 minutes
then fully air dried
the material should be free of adherent
soil and other particles that may affect
the mixture in the later process
thermal treatment process is a process
of heating the material at very high
temperature to produce a highly variable
form the dried rice husk
from the previous step will be heated up
until
it became blackish in concrete the coke
rice has
would be grinded then it would be
separated and put into the into
different container the remains from the
separated would be granted again and
separated until there is enough rice has
ash
for the experiment
the rice starch is a main binding
agent the experimental insulation that
would be using
the group has to mix a cup of rice touch
with water
once thoroughly mixed the mixture will
be heated at a high temperature
a constant steering is important while
boiling the mixture as it will get
denser
the mixture should have a deconsist
consistency to be used for the next
procedure
the rice husk ash rice storch and
foaming agent would be combined to
create a mixture that will be used to
create the insulation board the ratio of
the rice husk ash and the rice surge
would be the dependent variable and can
be shown on table 4-1
mix the rice has
ash and starch thoroughly then add the
foaming agent and place the mixture in
the molder the mixture will be heated at
a high temperature in an oven for 45
minutes
wait for the foaming process to finish
then let the board rest for 60 minutes
remove the board from the molder then
remove the excess the figure shows
the finished product of the rice has ash
insulation boards 1 to 4 from left to
right
usually the experimental material to be
tested for insulation material for the
thermal resistance or astm c177
which is the steady-state heat flux
measurement and thermal transmission
properties by means of the accorded hot
plate apparatus since the study was done
during the pandemic with limited
resource and time
the researchers have decided to conduct
the testing based on the study of tech
science which is the same concept as the
asa standard
the figure above is the actual setup
that we have used to conduct the
experiment it composes of the steam
chamber and the steam boiler
the steam boiler is connected
with the steam chamber and is placed in
the built-in stove the steam chamber is
placed in the inclined wooden stand
on the top of the steam chamber the
materials or the board 1-4 are placed
above the material is a plastic that
displays with the ice block the
thermocouple is placed below the board
and on top of the board
the right side of the steam chamber is
where the condensed water goes to
to start the testing experiment the
water inside the boiler is heated until
it boils and forms steams when the
boiler is started to generate steam the
temperature of the steam chamber is
monitored until it is constant
temperature when constant temperature
for the steam
chamber is achieved the ice block is
placed on top of the board for a few
minutes to stabilize the heat transfer
the weighing scale is placed in front of
the steam chamber where in the molten
ice is collected the trial has a 10
minute duration and the molten ice after
the tile weren't recorded
this is a sample competition for the
heat flow of boardwood using the
specific heat of vision of ice melted
water mass and the change in time
this is a thermal conductivity sample
computation using the heat flow rate
sample board thickness change in
temperature and the area of the sample
board
this is a computation for thermal
resistivity where we use the thickness
of the board thermal conductivity and
area of the board
for the thermal diffusivity we divide
the square of the board thickness to the
four times of the slope
lastly for heat flux we use the heat
flow rate over the area
rise house based insulating material
with air voids was modeled in ansys and
the effective thermal conductivity is
calculated
in this study the researchers tried to
reduce the energy consumed by using ansi
software for analysis
the problem is modeling commercial fem
software
ansys workbench version 12.0 3d analysis
based on steady state thermal analysis
is performed
the start open the ansys workbench
2021 r2 and select steady state thermal
analysis using mechanical apdl solder
select engineering data for defining and
adding the new material to be analyzed
and set isotropic thermal conductivity
for the material
after that close the engineering data
tab and go proceed to geometry to design
the composite sample word using space
clean
next click the step four for steady
state analysis
which is the modeling here the
researchers input the necessary data for
the simulation
generate mesh for the 3d model of the
sample composite board because a correct
mesh density is critical for geometric
parts
where the results are critical you must
increase the mesh density
then input the initial temperature of
the ansi solver must be specified this
information is necessary because of the
materials quality or temperature
dependent
specify the initial condition for the
sample board steady state analysis for
this study the researchers would be
using temperature and apply it to the
one phase of the model
lastly add the solution
for results from steady state thermal
analysis
which are the temperature and heat flux
repeat the steps for boards 2 to 4 and
compare the results in computed data
gathered by the researchers
good day i am ashley puyat reporting the
resource and discussion up to
conclusions and recommendations
the group has made four experimental
installation boards with varying
percentage of mixture which is indicated
below the figure below shows boards one
to four with board one from the left
most the installation boards that were
fabricated were also pliable
porous and compressible in material
this part shows that one resource for
the thermal conductivity experimental
data gathered by the researchers as
shown in the table the results for the
thermal conductivity test is done
experimentally through the bases from
the astme
1461-13 which is also the guided hot
plate method
um overall the thermal conductivity
results showed that the sample board d
which is composed of 25 rha and 5 starch
has the lowest thermal conductivity
of
0.0396 watts per meter kelvin it was
stated that the lower the thermal
conductivity the better because the
material carries less hip energy
this section provides the term the
results obtained in computing for the
thermal resistivity of the insulation
boards thermal resistance is the measure
of the heat flow given the thickness of
the material and was computed by
dividing the thickness of the board by
the thermal conductivity and the area of
the board it was stated that the higher
the terminal resistance of the board the
better the insulating properties so in
this case board force shows the highest
thermal resistivity thus making it the
best insulation among the other boards
this section provides the results
obtained in computing for the thermal
dpc video of the insulation boards
thermal diffusivity is the measure of
the rate at which heat is dispersed
throughout the object the testing that
was done to get the thermal diffusivity
of the world is called the flash method
this method was done to observe the heat
transfer to the insulation board based
on the results that were gathered it is
the board tree that showed the highest
thermal diffusivity among the other
boards this means that the void tree
transfers heat rapidly thus making it
inefficient than the other boards
so the cost analysis for the four
experimental thermal insulation boards
raw material prices were based on a 30
gram average weight multiplying the
price of raw materials the ratio of the
mixture per board and getting some of it
would be the price per board based on
the cost analysis made the experimental
thermal insulation board would be around
1.3 pesos comparing it to the
commercialized polyethylene foam that is
used today in general window type air
conditioning units which is about 1.5 30
grams the rice has insulation board is
more economical
this section shows the thermal analysis
executed through ansi software the
researchers determine the total heat
plus for the composite materials using
steady-state thermal analysis
in nancy's mechanical steady-state
thermal analysis the researchers choose
the materials for the analysis
geometries the access material
correlation includes a large number of
basic materials but for this research
the researchers set a new material to be
analyzed the results showed that sample
board 4 has the best characteristics for
the total heat plus with a result of
352.04 watts per meter squared and it
and it was it was then compared to the
results gathered through the
calculations which
was the same
therefore the calculation was correct
and the figure below shows the results
for the steady state thermal analysis in
ansi simulation
in this slide however the steady state
temperature was shown in the figure to
observe the heat transfer over time
now for the conclusions and
recommendations
so after conducting a series of testing
that the researchers have successfully
fabricated a thermal insulation board
made from rice husk ash and dry starch
as binder it was mentioned before that
there are different ratios of rice husk
ash and binder that were created
the boards was analyzed and tested
through experimental setups based on the
astm c177 which is the guided heart rate
method astm for
e1461-13 which is the flash method and
through ansys simulation
the results show that sample void 4 has
the best characteristics of googled
insulation material with thermal
conductivity of
0.0396 watts per meter kelvin
these voice cond these sports are also
less expensive
renewable insulates well and because it
is by it is a by-product it does not
emit any toxic
further recommendations future
researchers must be educated about the
advanced heat transfer and how to
operate various laboratory equipments
that is in line with the heat transfer
another recommendation is that the
researchers must conduct its testing to
a recommended equipment used for
determining thermal productivity in
order to completely comprehend what is
occurring in the event
to improve the study the students also
recommend investigating the use of more
biomass resources particularly in the
present ratio composition and the
various binding agents or blowing agents
that impart the fire retardancy
this is the gantt chart of our whole
thesis from start to finish
lastly this is a budget for our disease
we spent with the total amount of 2745
pesos
thank you for your time and have a nice
day god bless
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