How Oil Water Separator Works ?

Summary

Ships generate waste oil from various sources, which is managed by segregating it into sludge and bilge. Dedicated tanks store this mixture, separating oil and water through heating and centrifugal separators. Onboard Waste Oil Separator (OWS) equipment filters bilge water through multiple stages, ensuring oil content is below 15 PPM for legal discharge. An Oil Content Monitor (OCM) controls the process, directing excess oil to sludge tanks for proper disposal and releasing clean water, protecting the ecosystem.

Takeaways

• 🚢 Ships produce a significant amount of waste oil from various sources, including engine lubrication and fuel consumption.
• 🚫 It is illegal for ships to discharge waste oil overboard, which can result in fines and imprisonment.
• 📦 Waste oil is managed by segregating it into sludge and bilge, stored in dedicated tanks on the ship.
• 🔥 Heating arrangements are used to control the viscosity of oil and separate water from it.
• 💧 Bilge and sludge tanks are designed to handle different oil-water mixtures, with bilge having less oil and sludge having more.
• 🛠️ Machinery leakage is directed to either bilge or sludge tanks, depending on the oil content.
• 🌀 The centrifugal separator is used to further treat fuel, separating additional impurities as sludge and water.
• 🚰 Onboard Wastewater Separation (OWS) equipment filters bilge water through multiple stages of filtration based on densities.
• 🛑 The first filter unit in the OWS uses catch plates and a coalescer to separate oil from the mixture.
• 🔍 The second filter unit ensures the output has less than 15 PPM of oil to meet legal discharge criteria.
• 📊 The oil content monitor (OCM) continuously checks the PPM of oil, and if high, triggers an alarm and directs the mixture to the sludge tank.

Q & A

船只如何处理产生的废油？

船只通过将废油分离成油渣和舱底水，并在专门的油渣和舱底水储存罐中存放来处理废油。舱底水和油渣是油和水的混合物，不同之处在于舱底水中油的含量较少，而油渣中油的含量较多。

为什么船只不能将废油直接排放到海里？

直接将废油排放到海里是违法的，可能会导致高额罚款和船员监禁。因此，船只必须合法处理废油，以保护海洋环境。

船上的油水分离器（OWS）是如何工作的？

油水分离器通过不同的过滤阶段来分离油和水，这些阶段基于它们的密度差异进行设计。OWS由三个部分组成：第一级过滤单元、第二级过滤单元和油含量监测与控制单元。第一级过滤单元通过捕集板和油收集室使油因密度低于水而上升；第二级过滤单元进一步去除油，确保输出少于15ppm以满足法定排放标准；第三级单元包括油含量监测器，如果油含量过高则发出警报，并将油水混合物排入油渣罐中。

船只如何确保废油得到妥善处理？

船只通过将废油收集并存储在专用的油渣和舱底水储存罐中，然后通过油水分离器进行处理，分离出的油被收集并适当处置，而清洁的水则被释放到环境中。这个过程确保了船只的废油得到适当管理，不会对周围生态系统造成伤害。

船上的废油储存罐有什么特别的设计吗？

船上的废油储存罐配有加热装置以保持油的粘度在一定限度内，并分离出水。这些罐可以从底部排出沉积的重水，并将其排入舱底水罐。

船只如何处理机械泄漏产生的废油？

机械泄漏产生的废油根据泄漏混合物中所含油量的不同，被送往舱底水或油渣罐。

船只的废油管理计划包括哪些内容？

根据MARPOL Annex V的规定，100总吨位及以上的船舶、载客15人或以上的船舶以及每个固定或浮动平台都必须携带垃圾管理计划，其中包括最小化、收集、储存、处理和处置垃圾的书面程序。

船只如何处理食品废物和污水？

船只必须遵守严格的环境保护规定，特别是针对极地水域的条件，例如北极水域和南极区域。食品废物和污水通常需要在船上进行处理，以减少对海洋环境的污染。

船只的废油记录簿有什么作用？

根据MARPOL Annex V的规定，所有100总吨位及以上的船舶以及载客15人或以上的船舶必须配备废油记录簿，记录所有处置和焚烧操作。这有助于执行和加强废油管理规定的遵守。

船只的废油是否可以回收利用？

是的，废油可以回收利用。例如，废食用油可以通过加工转化为生物燃料，这不仅解决了食品安全、污染和能源安全问题，而且还提供了一种三赢的替代方案。

Outlines

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🚢 Ship Waste Oil Management

Ships generate significant waste oil from various sources such as engine lubrication and fuel consumption. To manage this, ships have dedicated tanks for segregating waste oil into sludge and bilge, with sludge containing more oil than bilge. These tanks are equipped with heating to control oil viscosity and separate water. The onboard equipment, including centrifugal separators, further treats the fuel to remove impurities. Machinery leaks are directed to bilge or sludge tanks based on oil content. The Oil Water Separator (OWS) filters bilge water through stages that separate oil and water based on density. The OWS consists of a first filter unit with catch plates and coalescer stages, a second filter unit to reduce oil content to below 15 PPM, and an oil content monitor and control unit that alarms if oil levels are high and directs the mixture to the sludge tank. The process ensures that waste oil is managed properly without harming the ecosystem.

Keywords

💡Waste Oil

Waste oil refers to any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has become unsuitable for its original purpose due to contamination or loss of properties. It is generated from various sources on ships such as engine lubrication, fuel consumption, and other mechanical processes. The management of waste oil is crucial to prevent environmental pollution, as even small amounts can contaminate vast quantities of water. Ships are required to segregate and store waste oil in dedicated tanks, and it is treated and disposed of through processes like centrifugal separation and onboard equipment known as an Oil Water Separator (OWS) to ensure compliance with legal regulations and prevent ecological harm.

💡Sludge

Sludge is a byproduct of the oil treatment process on ships, consisting of a mixture of oil and water where oil is the majority component. It is separated from other waste oils and stored in dedicated sludge tanks. The script mentions that sludge is further treated in a centrifugal separator to separate additional impurities, and the separated oil is then sent to a sludge tank for proper disposal. The management of sludge is part of the ship's overall waste oil management strategy to minimize environmental impact.

💡Bilge

Bilge is a mixture of oil and water that has less oil content compared to sludge. It is also a byproduct of the ship's operations and is stored in bilge tanks. The script explains that bilge water can be treated using an Onboard Wastewater Treatment System (OWS), which separates oil and water based on their densities. The treatment process ensures that the bilge water meets legal discharge criteria before being released into the environment.

💡Centrifugal Separator

A centrifugal separator is a mechanical device used onboard ships to separate impurities such as sludge and water from fuel. It operates based on the principle of centrifugal force, which separates substances of different densities. The script describes how the fuel is treated in the centrifugal separator, where additional impurities are separated and directed to the sludge tank. This process is essential for cleaning the fuel and managing waste oil effectively.

💡Oil Water Separator (OWS)

The Oil Water Separator (OWS) is an onboard equipment used to treat bilge water by filtering it through different stages of filtration. It separates oil and water based on their densities, ensuring that the water discharged overboard meets legal requirements. The script outlines the three segments of the OWS: the first filter unit with catch plates and an oil collecting chamber, a coalescer stage to increase oil droplet size, and an oil content monitor and control unit to ensure the oil content in the discharged water is within permissible limits.

💡PPM (Parts Per Million)

PPM is a measure of concentration used to describe the amount of a substance in a given mixture. In the context of the script, it refers to the concentration of oil in water, measured in parts per million. The script mentions that the output from the OWS should be less than 15 PPM to fulfill legal discharge criteria, indicating the importance of this measurement in ensuring that ships comply with environmental regulations regarding oil discharge.

💡Hazardous Waste

Hazardous waste refers to waste materials that pose substantial threats to public health or the environment and require special handling and disposal. The script implies that waste oil, including sludge and bilge, is considered hazardous due to its potential to contaminate water and harm aquatic life. Proper management and disposal of hazardous waste, such as waste oil, are critical to prevent environmental damage.

💡Environmental Regulations

Environmental regulations are legal rules and guidelines designed to protect the environment from harmful human activities. In relation to the script, these regulations prohibit ships from discharging waste oil overboard and mandate the use of systems like the OWS to treat waste oil before it can be released into the environment. Compliance with these regulations is essential to avoid legal penalties and protect marine ecosystems.

💡Onboard Waste Management

Onboard waste management refers to the practices and processes implemented on ships to handle and dispose of waste materials, including waste oil, in an environmentally responsible manner. The script describes various methods and equipment used for onboard waste management, such as segregation of waste oil into sludge and bilge, heating arrangements to separate oil from water, and the use of OWS to treat bilge water before discharge.

💡Ecosystem

An ecosystem consists of all living organisms and their physical environment in a particular area, interacting as a system. The script emphasizes the importance of proper waste oil management to prevent harm to the surrounding ecosystem. Discharging untreated waste oil can disrupt aquatic ecosystems by contaminating water and affecting marine life, which is why ships are required to follow strict waste management procedures to protect these environments.

Highlights

Ships generate a vast amount of waste oil from various sources such as engine lubrication and fuel consumption.

Waste oil management is crucial due to limited storage tanks on ships.

Illegal disposal of waste oil overboard is prohibited and can result in fines and imprisonment.

Waste oil is segregated into sludge and bilge, with dedicated tanks for each.

Bilge and sludge differ in the quantity of oil, with bilge having less and sludge having more.

Ships use heating arrangements to manage oil viscosity and separate water from oil.

Heavy water from tanks can be drained and sent to bilge tanks.

Centrifugal separators are used to further treat fuel and separate additional impurities.

Machinery leakage is directed to bilge or sludge tanks based on the oil content.

Onboard Wastewater Separation (OWS) equipment filters water through multiple stages of filtration.

The first filter unit in OWS uses catch plates and an oil collecting chamber to separate oil from water.

Coalescer stages in OWS induce coalescence, increasing oil droplet size for separation.

The second filter unit in OWS ensures the output has less than 15 PPM of oil to meet legal discharge criteria.

The oil content monitor (OCM) continuously monitors the PPM of oil in the OWS discharge.

A three-way valve in the OWS system directs the oily mixture to the sludge tank when the OCM detects high oil content.

Separated oil is collected and properly disposed of, while clean water is released into the environment.

The described process ensures proper waste oil management without harming the ecosystem.

Transcripts

a vast amount of waste oil is generated by ships

which use different kinds of oil for Machinery operations

the waste oil can come from various sources

such as engine lubrication fuel consumption and other mechanical processes

but the ship has limited tanks to store it

then how is the waste oil managed and disposed

ships do not throw or pump the oil overboard it is unlawful

and could lead to Hefty fines and imprisonment of the crew

instead, the waste oil is segregated  in sludge and bilge

and ships have dedicated sludge and bilge tanks

bilge and sludge are a mixture of oil and water

the only difference being that bilge has less quantity of oil

while sludge has more oil in it

many tanks on ships carry different types and grades of oil

they are provided with a heating arrangement to keep the oil's viscosity at a limit

and separate water from it. These tanks have drained from where

the heavy water which settles in the bottom can be drained

and separated and sent to bilge tanks

the fuel is further treated in the centrifugal separator

here additional impurities in the form of sludge and water are separated

and sent to sludge tank

similarly all Machinery leakage are sent to bilge or sludge tank

depending upon the quantity of oil the leakage mixture contains

the bilge water can be treated in onboard equipment called an ows

it filters the water as it passes through different stages of filtration

these stages are designed to separate the oil and water based on their densities

ows consists of three segments

the first filter unit

this unit consists of catch plates inside a coarse separating compartment

and an oil collecting chamber here the oil has a density lower than water

which makes the former rise into the oil collecting compartment

and the rest of the non-flowing oil mixture

settles down into a fine settling compartment after passing between the catch plates

this unit also consists of a coalescer stage and a collecting chamber

in these stages the coalescer induces a coalescence process

in which oil droplets are joined to increase their size by breaking down

the surface tension between oil droplets in the mixture

these large oil molecules rise above the mixture in the collecting chamber

and are removed when required

second filter unit

the second stage is again provided with a fine filter to remove more oil from the

output of the first stage so that the output from this unit should be

less than 15 PPM to fulfill legal discharge criteria

third is the oil content Monitor and control unit

this unit functions together in two parts monitoring and controlling

the PPM of oil is continuously monitored by oil content monitor or ocm

if the PPM is high it will give an alarm and feed data to the control unit

the three-way valve Inlet it is from the ows discharge

where one Outlet is overboard and the second Outlet is to the ows sludge tank

when ocm gives alarm the 3-way valve discharges the oily mixture in the sludge tank

the separated oil is then collected and properly disposed of

while the clean water is released into the environment

this process ensures that the ship's waste oil is appropriately managed

and does not harm the surrounding ecosystem