MUSIC Grade 9 - Music of Renaissance Period (Part 2) - (1st Quarter MAPEH)

Summary

In this final lesson of the first quarter, the focus is on the music of the Medieval and Baroque periods. The Medieval era, marked by the fall of the Roman Empire, saw the rise of Gregorian chants, characterized by their monophonic nature and Latin liturgical basis. Composers like Adam de la Halle gained prominence during this time. Transitioning to the Baroque period, music became more ornate, with complex melodies and dynamic contrasts. Baroque music featured various genres, including operas, oratorios, and concertos, with famous composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, and George Frideric Handel leading the scene. Their works, like Bach's 'Mass in B Minor' and Handel's 'Messiah,' continue to resonate today.

Takeaways

• 🎵 The lesson continues the discussion from last week, focusing on the final modules of music, specifically covering the medieval and baroque periods.
• 🗝️ The medieval period, also known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages, spanned from 700-1400 AD and was characterized by the fall of the Roman Empire and the significant influence of the Christian Church on European culture.
• 🎶 Pope Gregory I established Gregorian chant as the approved music of the Catholic Church, which is monophonic, has free meter, is based on Latin liturgy, and uses neume notation.
• 👨‍🎨 Adam de la Halle is noted as one of the oldest secular composers, known for his chansons and the musical play 'Jeu de Robin et Marion', which is the earliest surviving secular French play with music.
• 🎭 The baroque period, from 1685 to 1750, is derived from the Portuguese word 'barroco', meaning an irregular-shaped pearl, reflecting the era's emphasis on grandeur and elaborate ornamentation in the arts.
• 🎼 Baroque music is characterized by elaborate and ornamental melodies, primarily contrapuntal textures, dynamic contrast, and includes genres like operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concerto grosso, and fugue.
• 🎻 The concerto grosso is a form of orchestral music featuring a small group of solo instruments (concertino) and the full orchestra (tutti), exemplifying the interplay between the two groups.
• 🎵 The fugue is a contrapuntal piece developed through imitative counterpoint, showcasing the complexity and intricacy of baroque composition.
• 🌟 Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, and George Frideric Handel are among the most famous composers of the baroque period, known for their significant contributions to sacred and secular music.
• 📝 The lesson concludes with activities for students to complete based on the music modules 3 and 4, reinforcing the knowledge gained about the medieval and baroque periods.

Q & A

What is the time period of the medieval era in music history?

The medieval period in music history spans from the year 700 to 1400.

What is another name for the medieval period?

The medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or the Dark Ages.

Who made Gregorian chant the approved music of the Catholic Church?

Pope Gregory the First made Gregorian chant the approved music of the Catholic Church.

What are the characteristics of Gregorian chants?

Gregorian chants are monophonic, have free meter, are usually based on Latin liturgy, and use neume notation.

Who is one of the oldest secular composers from the medieval period?

Adam de la Halle is one of the oldest secular composers from the medieval period.

What is the time period of the Baroque era in music history?

The Baroque era in music history spans from the year 1685 to 1750.

What does the word 'Baroque' mean in terms of art and music?

The word 'Baroque' is derived from the Portuguese word 'barroco', which means a pearl of irregular shape, and it signifies grandiose and elaborate ornamentation in the arts.

What are some of the musical characteristics of the Baroque period?

Baroque music is characterized by elaborate and ornamental melodies, primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony, dynamic contrast, and includes various genres such as operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concerto grosso, and fugue.

What are the common keyboard instruments used in Baroque music?

The common keyboard instruments used in Baroque music are the harpsichord and the organ.

Which famous composer is known for his sacred music and compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio?

Johann Sebastian Bach is known for his sacred music and compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio.

What is Antonio Vivaldi's nickname and what is it derived from?

Antonio Vivaldi's nickname is 'Il Prete Rosso', which means 'The Red Priest', derived from his red hair.

What is George Frideric Handel's most famous composition?

George Frideric Handel's most famous composition is 'Messiah'.

Outlines

00:00

🎵 Music of the Medieval and Baroque Periods

This lesson concludes the first quarter with a focus on the medieval and baroque periods of music history. The medieval period, also known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages, was marked by the fall of the Roman Empire and the significant influence of the Christian Church on European culture. Pope Gregory I established Gregorian chant as the official music of the Catholic Church, characterized by its monophonic nature, free meter, Latin liturgical basis, and neume notation. The lesson introduces composers like Adam de la Halle, known for his secular works including 'Jeu de Robin et Marion.' Transitioning to the baroque period from 1685 to 1750, the music was elaborate and ornate, reflecting the artistic style of the time. Baroque music featured complex melodies, contrapuntal textures, dynamic contrasts, and included genres such as operas, oratorios, suites, toccatas, concerto grosso, and fugues. The period saw the rise of composers like Johann Sebastian Bach, known for his sacred music and compositions for organ and orchestra.

05:09

🎼 Baroque Music Characteristics and Composers

The baroque period is characterized by its grandiose and elaborate ornamentation in the arts, including music. Melodies were complex and challenging to sing or remember, with a primary focus on contrapuntal textures and dynamic contrasts. The orchestra typically consisted of strings, with the harpsichord and organ as common keyboard instruments. The lesson explores various baroque music genres: concerto grosso, which features a dialogue between a small group of soloists and the full orchestra; concerto, showcasing a solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment; fugue, a contrapuntal form based on imitation; oratorio, a large-scale musical composition on religious themes; and coral, a harmonized version of Protestant church hymns. The paragraph highlights famous baroque composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, known for his 'Mass in B Minor' and 'Brandenburg Concertos,' Antonio Vivaldi, famous for 'The Four Seasons,' and George Frideric Handel, celebrated for his operas and oratorios, including 'Messiah.'

10:11

📚 Music Module 3 and 4 Activities

The lesson concludes with a summary of the activities related to Music Modules 3 and 4. Students are instructed to answer questions from both modules, which can be done online through provided links or by writing answers on a sheet. There is a specific mention that there will be no separate activity for Module 4, and the content discussed serves as a reference for answering the questions. The activities are designed to reinforce the knowledge gained from the lessons on the medieval and baroque periods, as well as the music and composers discussed.

Keywords

💡Medieval Period

The Medieval Period, also known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages, spans from the 7th to the 15th century. It is characterized by the fall of the Roman Empire and the significant influence of the Christian Church on European culture and politics. In the context of the video, the Medieval Period is highlighted for its development of Gregorian Chant, which became the approved music of the Catholic Church, named after Pope Gregory I. This period is crucial for understanding the evolution of Western music, as it laid the foundation for later developments.

💡Gregorian Chant

Gregorian Chant is a form of plainchant, a monophonic liturgical music of the Roman Catholic Church. It is named after Pope Gregory I, who is traditionally credited with having organized it into a cohesive system. The video script mentions that it is monophonic, has free meter, is based on Latin liturgy, and uses neumatic notation. Gregorian Chant is significant as it represents the primary form of music during the Medieval Period and is an example of the Church's influence on music.

💡Monophonic

Monophonic music consists of a single melodic line, typically sung by a single voice or instrument, without accompanying harmony or chords. In the video, it is mentioned as a characteristic of Gregorian Chant, emphasizing the simplicity and focus on a single melody. This term is important for understanding the structural differences between Medieval music and the more complex polyphonic music that followed in later periods.

💡Baroque Period

The Baroque Period, ranging from 1685 to 1750, is characterized by elaborate and ornate artistic expression. The video script describes it as a time when music featured complex melodies, contrapuntal textures, and dynamic contrasts. This period saw the rise of various musical forms such as operas, oratorios, and concertos, which are discussed in the video. The Baroque Period is significant for its rich and expressive music that contrasted with the simplicity of the Medieval Period.

💡Contrapuntal Textures

Contrapuntal textures refer to a musical composition technique where two or more melodic lines are played or sung simultaneously. The video script mentions that Baroque music often featured this technique, alongside some homophony. This concept is important for understanding the complexity and richness of Baroque compositions, which often involved multiple independent melodies interacting with each other.

💡Dynamic Contrast

Dynamic contrast in music refers to the variation between loud and soft sections, creating a sense of drama and tension. The video script highlights this as a characteristic of Baroque music, which sought to evoke strong emotional responses. Understanding dynamic contrast is essential for appreciating the expressive qualities of Baroque compositions.

💡Oratorio

An oratorio is a large-scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that tells a story, often on a religious theme. Unlike operas, oratorios are typically performed without costumes, scenery, or action. The video script provides an example of an oratorio, illustrating the narrative and musical depth of this genre. Oratorios were popular during the Baroque Period and are significant for their ability to convey complex stories through music.

💡Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach, born in 1685 and died in 1750, was a German composer and musician of the Baroque Period. The video script mentions his deep religious faith, which is reflected in his sacred music. Bach is renowned for his compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio, with famous works such as the Mass in B Minor and the Brandenburg Concertos. Bach's music is a cornerstone of the Baroque Period, showcasing the period's complexity and emotional depth.

💡Antonio Vivaldi

Antonio Vivaldi, known as 'Il Prete Rosso' due to his red hair, was a Venetian Baroque composer, Catholic priest, and virtuoso violinist. Born in 1678 and died in 1741, Vivaldi's music, as mentioned in the video, had a widespread influence across Europe. His most famous work, 'The Four Seasons,' is a series of four violin concertos that depict the different seasons. Vivaldi's music exemplifies the ornate and expressive qualities of the Baroque Period.

💡George Frideric Handel

George Frideric Handel, born in 1685 and died in 1759, was a German-British Baroque composer known for his operas, oratorios, and concertos. Despite his father's opposition, Handel taught himself to play the harpsichord and organ. The video script highlights his oratorio 'Messiah' as one of his most famous compositions. Handel's music is celebrated for its grandeur and emotional impact, reflecting the characteristics of the Baroque Period.

Highlights

Today's lesson continues the discussion from last week, focusing on the final modules of music.

The lesson covers the music of the Renaissance period from the previous week.

Discussion of the medieval and baroque periods, along with famous composers from these times.

The medieval period, also known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages, began with the fall of the Roman Empire.

Christian church heavily influenced Europe's culture and political affairs during the medieval period.

Pope Gregory I established Gregorian chant as the approved music of the Catholic Church.

Gregorian chants are monophonic, free meter, based on Latin liturgy, and use neume notation.

A sample of Gregorian chant is played to illustrate its sound.

Adam de la Halle is highlighted as one of the oldest secular composers of the medieval period.

The baroque period, from 1685 to 1750, is characterized by grandiose and elaborate ornamentation in arts.

Baroque music features elaborate melodies, contrapuntal textures, and dynamic contrast.

Orchestras in the baroque period consisted mainly of strings, with harpsichord and organ as common keyboard instruments.

Baroque era saw the development of genres like operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concerto grosso, and fugue.

Examples of concerto grosso, concerto, fugue, oratorio, and coral are played to demonstrate baroque music styles.

Johann Sebastian Bach, known for his sacred music and compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio, is discussed.

Antonio Vivaldi, nicknamed 'Il Prete Rosso', is recognized for his violin concerti, including 'The Four Seasons'.

George Frideric Handel, despite losing his eyesight, is remembered for his operas and oratorios, especially 'Messiah'.

The lesson concludes with activities for music modules 3 and 4, with no activity for module 4.

Transcripts

today's lesson is a continuation of last

week's topic

this is from the very last modules of

music

module 3 and module 4. this will be our

last lesson for this first quarter

period

last week we talked about the different

elements of music

and the music of the renaissance period

for today we will discuss another two

musical periods the music of the

medieval

and baroque period as well as the famous

composers

during this times

let's start with the first lesson the

music of the medieval period in the year

700-40

the medieval period is also known as the

middle ages

or dark ages that started with the fall

of the roman empire

during this time the christian church

influenced

europe's culture and political affairs

during medieval period pope gregory the

first

made gregorian chance the approved music

of the catholic church

it was named after him

here are some of the characteristics of

the gregorian chants

played during church mass first

it is monophonic which is music that is

written

for only one voice or part second

it is free meter third

it is usually based on latin liturgy

and last one it uses nume notation which

means

it is used to set music to an existing

text

for you to have an idea of what

gregorian chant

sounds like i will play a sample of it

[Music]

god

[Music]

now here are some of the famous

composers who became popular

during the medieval period

the first one is adam delahal

adam was one of the oldest secular

composers

whose literary and musical works include

chansons

and poetic debates his musical play

jude robin at marion was considered

the earliest surviving secular french

play with music

this is his most famous work

let's now go to the second lesson which

is the music

of the baroque period in the year 1685

to 1750.

the word baroque is derived from the

portuguese word

barroco which means pearl of irregular

shape

during this time the arts highlighted

grandiose

and elaborate ornamentation this were

clearly seen in the musical compositions

created by composers

here are some of the characteristics of

the music

produced during period melodies sound

elaborate and ornamental

melodies are not easy to sing or

remember

primarily contrapuntal textures with

some homophony

dynamic contrast meaning alteration

between loud and soft music genres

include

operas oratorios suits

tocatas concerto grosso and feud

orchestra consists of strings and

continuous

harpsichord and organ are the keyboard

instruments that are commonly used

so these are all the characteristics of

baroque music

during the baroque era a lot of

different genres or type of music

were developed here are the different

genres of music

that became famous during the baroque

period

the first one is concerto grosso

it is a form of orchestral music wherein

the music is between

a small group of solo instruments called

concertino and the whole orchestra

called tutti watch this example

of a concerto grosso

[Music]

this

[Applause]

during the second one is concerto

it is a form of orchestral music that

employs

a solo instrument accompanied by an

orchestra

in concerto merong is a main solo

instrument

here is an example of a concerto

third is called fugue it is a

contrapuntal piece

developed mainly by a meditative

counterpoint

imitative from the word imitation

listen to this example of fugue

[Music]

me

my

um

fourth is oratorio it is a large-scale

musical composition for orchestra and

voices

that incorporates narratives on

religious themes

unlike usual theatrical works this is

usually performed

without the use of costumes scenery

or action it is usually written

in the native language for the intended

audience

here is an example of an oratorio

[Music]

[Applause]

foreign

[Music]

foreign

last one is coral it is a musical

composition

that resembles a harmonized version of

hymnal tunes

of the protestant church during the

baroque era

this is an example of aquaral

[Music]

[Applause]

now here are the famous composers who

became popular

during the baroque period

first is johann sebastian back

born in germany on march 21 1685

and died on july 28 1750.

bach was a religious man his personal

and deep

faith is shown in his sacred music

he was known for his compositions for

organ

orchestra and oratorio his famous works

are mass in b minor brandenburg

concertos

cantata 208 and 211

fugue in g minor and tokata

and feugue in the minor

another famous composer is antonio

vivaldi

he was born in venice on march 4 1678

and died on vienna on july 28 1741

he was nicknamed il pretty rosso

meaning the red priest because of his

red hair

he was an italian baroque composer

catholic priest

and a virtoso violinist he was

recognized as one of the greatest bhagav

composers

his influence during his lifetime was

widespread over

europe his most famous piece

is the four seasons this composition is

a series of four violin concerti

depicting each of the seasons spring

summer

autumn and winter

and lastly george friedrich handel

born in germany on february 23 1685

and died in london on april 14 1759

despite his father's opposition george

secretly taught himself to play the

harpsichord

at age seven he gained access to a

church organ

and started to play a duke heard him

play

and insisted on giving him a formal

music education

handel is remembered for his operas in

oratorios

handel became england's favorite

composer

handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753

when he conducted his oratorio samsung

a few in the audience were unaware that

he had lost his eyesight

so sihandel and pepper form non-samsung

oratorio but in the alam nangagami

audience naha bangsha in a pepper form

walanga shang eyesight orsha ibulagna

his most famous composition is entitled

messiah and that sums up

all the lessons from all the music

modules

now here are the activities you need to

answer

from music module 3 and module 4.

answers only for all the activities and

as always

you can answer online in the links i

will post

or just write an answer sheet there will

be no activity for module 4.

just make it as your reference to answer

all the activities

you can go ahead and finish the

activities right after

our discussion