Tidak ada dibuku Pelajaran! Inilah 16 Fakta Dibalik Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia

Summary

On August 17, 1945, Indonesia declared independence, marking a pivotal moment in its history. The proclamation was a strategic move during Japan's surrender, leveraging the power vacuum to assert autonomy. Despite internal disagreements and Japanese influence, figures like Soekarno and Hatta led the charge. The event was simple yet significant, with the red and white flag raised and the Indonesian national anthem sung. The proclamation's legacy endures, with facts like the original manuscript's recovery and the delayed recording of the declaration, reflecting the nation's resilience and the importance of remembering its heroes.

Takeaways

• 🗓️ The Indonesian Proclamation of Independence was a pivotal event that occurred on August 17, 1945, marking the nation's struggle against colonialism and its emergence as an independent entity.
• 🌟 The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, led to Japan's surrender, which was a catalyst for Indonesia to declare its independence.
• 🤝 Leaders like Ir. Soekarno and Moh. Hatta were instrumental in the independence talks with Japanese officials, who initially promised to grant Indonesia its independence.
• 📢 Sutan Syahrir, upon hearing of Japan's surrender, prepared to proclaim independence, rejecting any form of independence gifted by Japan.
• 👥 There was a generational divide among Indonesian freedom fighters; the younger faction, including figures like Aidit, urged for immediate proclamation, while the elderly were more cautious to avoid bloodshed.
• 🏡 The Rengasdengklok event on August 16, 1945, was a turning point where young fighters brought Soekarno and Hatta to ensure they would not be influenced by the Japanese.
• ✍️ The text of the proclamation was collaboratively prepared by Soekarno, Hatta, and others at the residence of a Japanese naval officer, highlighting the complex political landscape of the time.
• 📜 The original handwritten manuscript of the proclamation was almost discarded but was fortunately recovered by Burhanuddin Mohammad Diah, underscoring the importance of preserving historical documents.
• 🚩 The flag of Indonesia, with its red and white colors, was stitched by Fatmawati, Soekarno's wife, using materials at hand, symbolizing the nation's unity and struggle.
• 🎥 Frans Mendoer's photography was crucial in documenting the proclamation ceremony, as the original recording of the proclamation was not made until much later, showing the importance of visual records in history.
• 🏆 The titles of 'Proclamator' for Soekarno and Hatta were officially recognized 41 years after independence, in 1986, reflecting the long-standing respect and acknowledgment of their roles in Indonesia's history.

Q & A

What is the significance of August 17, 1945, in Indonesian history?

August 17, 1945, is significant as it marks the date of the proclamation of Indonesian independence, signifying the beginning of the nation's struggle against colonialism and the unification of the country as an independent entity.

How did the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki influence Indonesia's independence?

The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to Japan's surrender, which created a power vacuum in the region. Indonesia used this moment to proclaim its independence, seizing the opportunity amidst the chaos of World War II.

Why did Indonesia reject the form of independence offered by Japan?

Indonesia rejected the form of independence offered by Japan because the Indonesian fighters wanted true sovereignty, not a gift from a foreign power. They aimed for an independent nation, not one dependent on the goodwill of Japan.

What was the Rengasdengklok event, and why was it significant?

The Rengasdengklok event was when young fighters, including Pieter Chaerul, Sukarni, Wikana, Subandrio, and D.N. Aidit, along with Shodancho Singgih, brought Soekarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok, Karawang. This was done to ensure they would not be influenced by the Japanese and to assure them of Japan's surrender and the fighters' readiness to resist.

Where was the text of the proclamation of Indonesian independence compiled, and who were the witnesses?

The text of the proclamation was compiled at the residence of Admiral Tadashi Maeda, an imperial Japanese naval officer, located at Jalan Imam Bonjol No.1, Menteng, Central Jakarta. The witnesses included Soekarni, Burhanuddin Muhammad Diah, Raden Soediro, and Sayuti Melik.

Why was the original manuscript of the proclamation lost and later found?

The original manuscript was lost after it was retyped by Sayuti Melik, as the handwritten original was not given much attention after the typed version was made. Burhanudin Mohammad Diah found the original manuscript in a wastebasket at Admiral Maeda's residence and secured it.

Who raised the Indonesian flag during the proclamation ceremony, and who made it?

The Indonesian flag was raised by Latief Hendraningrat, a PETA soldier, assisted by Soehoed. The flag was made by Mrs. Fatmawati, the wife of President Soekarno, using a cotton sheet gifted by a Japanese officer.

Why was the location for the reading of the proclamation changed, and where was it finally held?

The reading of the proclamation was initially planned to be held at the Ikaada field, but for security reasons, it was moved to Soekarno's residence at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur number 56, which is now known as Proklamasi Street No.1, Menteng, Central Jakarta.

What challenges did President Soekarno face on the day of the proclamation, and how did they affect him?

President Soekarno was in an unhealthy condition on the day of the proclamation, suffering from malaria tertiana with a high fever. His doctor advised him not to fast and gave him medication to reduce his temperature. Despite his condition, he read the text of the proclamation at 10:00 AM.

Why was there an attempt to record the reading of the proclamation again, and when did it finally happen?

The reading of the proclamation on August 17, 1945, was not recorded due to a blackout and close surveillance by Japan. Jusuf Ronodipuro, the founder of RRI, asked President Soekarno to repeat the reading for recording. Initially, Soekarno refused, but after persuasion, he agreed, and the recording took place in 1951 at the RRI Studio.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Proclamation of Indonesian Independence

The paragraph outlines the historic significance of the Indonesian independence proclamation on August 17, 1945, marking the nation's struggle against colonialism. It details the sequence of events leading to the proclamation, including Japan's surrender to the Allies and the subsequent actions of Indonesian leaders like Soekarno and Hatta. The paragraph also highlights the internal debates among Indonesians regarding the timing and nature of the proclamation, the Rengasdenglok event, and the drafting process of the proclamation text at Admiral Maeda's residence. The decision to move the proclamation reading from the Ikaada field to Soekarno's residence for security reasons is also mentioned.

05:01

📜 Facts and Details of the Proclamation Day

This paragraph provides a deeper dive into the events of August 17, 1945, the day of the proclamation. It discusses President Soekarno's health condition, the disappearance of the original proclamation manuscript, and its discovery by Burhanudin Mohammad Diah. The paragraph also covers the process of the proclamation text's transcription, the flag-raising ceremony, and the creation of the red and white flag by Mrs. Fatmawati. It describes the simplicity of the ceremony, the Japanese military's attempt to prevent the proclamation, and the role of Frans Mendoer in documenting the event. Additionally, it mentions the post-ceremony challenges, including the recording of the proclamation text and the eventual official recognition of Soekarno and Hatta as the proclaimers.

10:01

📚 Historical Significance and Legacy

The final paragraph reflects on the legacy of the Indonesian independence proclamation, emphasizing the importance of remembering the nation's heroes. It notes the coincidence of the proclamation date with the deaths of significant figures like Wage Rudolf Supratman and Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk, and it calls for the continued cultivation of patriotism and nationalism among the Indonesian people. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for the nation's youth to lead Indonesia towards a better future.

Keywords

💡Proclamation of Indonesian Independence

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence refers to the formal declaration that marked the beginning of Indonesia's existence as an independent nation, free from colonial rule. This event is central to the video's theme, as it sets the historical context for the nation's struggle for self-determination. The script mentions this proclamation as a historic event that ushered in a new era for Indonesia, highlighting its significance in the country's history.

💡Colonialism

Colonialism is the practice of a powerful nation exerting control over another territory, often for economic or strategic gain. In the context of the video, colonialism is the system under which Indonesia was governed by foreign powers prior to its independence. The script discusses the Indonesian struggle against colonialism as a driving force behind the push for independence.

💡Soekarno

Ir. Soekarno, also known as Bung Karno, was one of Indonesia's founding fathers and the country's first president. His role in the video is pivotal, as he is depicted as a key figure in the proclamation of independence. The script describes his actions and decisions leading up to the proclamation, emphasizing his leadership in the country's fight for freedom.

💡Hatta

Moh. Hatta, or Bung Hatta, was another prominent Indonesian statesman and the country's first vice president. He is mentioned in the script as working closely with Soekarno in the lead-up to the independence proclamation. Hatta's contributions to the drafting and support of the proclamation are highlighted, showcasing his integral role in Indonesia's independence movement.

💡Rengasdengklok Event

The Rengasdengklok Event refers to a significant incident where a group of young fighters brought Soekarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok, Karawang, to ensure they would not be influenced by the Japanese and to reaffirm their commitment to independence. This event is mentioned in the script as a turning point that demonstrated the determination of the Indonesian fighters and their readiness to proclaim independence.

💡PPKI

PPKI, or the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, was a group formed to prepare for the nation's independence. The script discusses the controversy surrounding the PPKI, as some viewed it as an entity created by the Japanese government. The youth group's disapproval of the PPKI illustrates the internal dynamics and differing views on how to achieve independence.

💡Red and White Flag

The Red and White Flag is the national flag of Indonesia, symbolizing courage and purity, respectively. In the video, the flag is a central symbol of the nation's independence. The script describes how the flag was raised during the proclamation ceremony, representing the unity and sovereignty of the newly independent nation.

💡Japan's Surrender

Japan's Surrender refers to the historical event in which Japan capitulated to the Allies at the end of World War II, which is mentioned in the script as a catalyst for Indonesia's proclamation of independence. The script notes that the news of Japan's surrender was used by Indonesian leaders to assert their independence, marking a significant moment in the country's history.

💡Malaria Tertiana

Malaria Tertiana, also known as tertian malaria, is a form of malaria characterized by paroxysms occurring every 48 hours. In the context of the video, Soekarno was diagnosed with this illness on the day of the proclamation, which is mentioned to illustrate the challenges he overcame to lead the country to independence. His illness and recovery add a human element to the narrative of the historic event.

💡Frans Mendoer

Frans Mendoer was a photojournalist who played a crucial role in documenting the independence proclamation. The script describes how Mendoer's photographs were nearly destroyed by Japanese soldiers but were saved, preserving a visual record of the event. His actions underscore the importance of documentation in preserving historical moments.

💡Proclaimers

Proclaimers, in this context, refers to the individuals who officially proclaimed Indonesia's independence. The script discusses how Soekarno and Hatta were recognized as the proclaimer figures, with the title being officially awarded decades after the event. This term is significant as it highlights the leadership and authority behind the declaration of independence.

Highlights

The proclamation of Indonesian independence marked the beginning of a new era for the nation's struggle against colonialism.

Japan's surrender to the Allies after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was used by Indonesia to declare its independence.

Indonesian leaders met with Japanese officials in Dalat, Vietnam, to discuss the impending defeat of Japanese forces and the promise of Indonesian independence.

Sutan Syahrir, upon hearing of Japan's surrender, prepared to proclaim Indonesian independence without accepting it as a gift from Japan.

Differences between the young and old factions in Indonesia regarding the proclamation of independence led to debates on the urgency and approach of the declaration.

The Rengasdenglok event, where young fighters brought Soekarno and Hatta to Karawang, was a pivotal moment ensuring independence was proclaimed without Japanese influence.

The text of the proclamation was prepared by Soekarno, Hatta, and others at the residence of a Japanese naval officer, Admiral Maeda.

The original manuscript of the proclamation was almost discarded but was saved by Burhanuddin Mohammad Diah, who later gave it to President Suharto.

The proclamation was initially planned to be read at the Ikaada field but was moved to Soekarno's residence for security reasons.

President Soekarno, despite being unwell with malaria, read the proclamation on August 17, 1945, at 10 am.

The red and white flag of Indonesia was stitched by Mrs. Fatmawati, Soekarno's wife, using a cotton sheet and red cloth from a soup seller's cover.

The proclamation ceremony was simple, without protocol, music, or a conductor, and the flagpole was made of bamboo.

Japanese officers arrived too late to prevent the proclamation, and were met by armed Indonesian pioneers.

Frans Mendoer, a journalistic photographer, preserved the proclamation ceremony's documentation by hiding the film negatives from Japanese soldiers.

The recording of the proclamation's reading was made six years after independence, at the request of RRI's founder, Jusuf Ronodipuro.

Soekarno and Hatta were officially recognized as the proclaimers of Indonesian independence 41 years after the event.

August 17 is also the death anniversary of two significant figures in Indonesian history: WR Supratman and Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk.

The anniversary of Indonesian independence serves as a reminder to honor the nation's heroes and foster patriotism and nationalism.

Transcripts

The proclamation of Indonesian independence is one of the most historic events

for the Indonesian nation.

The proclamation brought a new era for the struggle of the Indonesian nation

in order to fight colonialism by foreign nations,

and united as part of an independent nation.

There are several facts and history from the Indonesian invoice regarding the proclamation of Indonesian independence

which was carried out on August 17, 1945.

The atomic bombs dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945,

making Japan then surrender to the Americans and their allies.

This moment was later used by Indonesia to proclaim its independence.

On 9 August 1945,

ir. Soekarno, Moh. Hatta, and Radjiman widyodiningrat were flown to the city of Dalat, Vietnam

to meet marshals terauchi as the supreme commander of the japanese forces in southeast asia.

They got the news that the Japanese troops were on the verge of defeat

and will give independence to Indonesia.

Meanwhile in Indonesia on August 10,

Sutan Syahrir has heard the news via radio that Japan has surrendered to the Allies.

Knowing this, the fighters got ready to proclaim Indonesian independence,

and rejecting the form of independence that was given as a gift from Japan.

After Soekarno returned to his homeland from his meeting in Vietnam,

sutan syahrir urged Soekarno to immediately proclaim independence,

because they considered the results of the meeting in the city of Dalat as a Japanese trick.

However, there was a difference of opinion between the young and the old in the plans

the proclamation of Indonesian independence.

The young group urged that the proclamation be carried out immediately,

while the elderly were more considerate and did not want to rush,

They do not want bloodshed when the proclamation takes place.

Consultations were then carried out in the form of a PPKI meeting

or the preparatory committee for Indonesian independence,

the youth group did not approve of the meeting,

because they consider that the PPKI is an agency formed by the Japanese government,

they wanted the independence of the Indonesian nation on their own, not on the gift of the Japanese.

The climax was in the early hours of 16 August 1945,

the fighters from the young faction were among them

pious chaerul,

Sukarni,

wikana,

subandrio,

dn aidit

with Shodancho Singgih who was one of the PETA soldiers and other young men,

they then picked up and brought Soekarno and Moh.hatta to Rengasdenglok, Karawang.

This incident is known as the rengasdenglok event.

The purpose of picking up Soekarno and Hatta by a group of fighters was so that they would not be influenced by the Japanese,

and also they reassured Soekarno and Hatta,

that Japan had surrendered and the fighters were ready to fight the Japanese at all costs.

In the evening Soekarno and Moh.hatta returned to Jakarta.

The preparation of the text of the proclamation was carried out by Ir. Soekarno, Moh. Hatta, and Achmad Soebardjo Djojoadisurjo

and witnessed by Soekarni, Burhanuddin Muhammad Diah, Raden Soediro, and Sayuti Melik.

The compilation of the text of the proclamation was carried out at the residence of an imperial Japanese naval officer

namely admiral tadashi maeda,

on Jalan Imam Bonjol No.1, Menteng, Central Jakarta.

After the concept of the text of the proclamation is completed and mutually agreed upon,

the manuscript was then copied and typed by Sayuti Melik.

At first the reading of the proclamation will be carried out in the ikada field

currently known as the monas monument field,

but for security reasons,

reading of the proclamation was moved to Soekarno's residence on Jalan Pegangsaan Timur number 56,

which is currently the street proclamation no.1, menteng, central jakarta.

That is a brief history of the proclamation of independence for the Republic of Indonesia.

and do you know?

There are some interesting facts during the proclamation,

and here are 16 facts about the proclamation.

The reading of the proclamation of Indonesia's independence was held on Friday,

August 17, 1945 AD,

or August 17, 2605 according to Japanese years,

and also coincides with the 9th of the month of Ramadan in 1364 Hijriyah at 10 am.

Bung Karno, the nickname for President Soekarno, is apparently in an unhealthy condition

when reading the text of the proclamation on August 17, 1945.

2 hours before the reading of the proclamation, Bung Karno was still fast asleep at his residence on Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No.56.

by his doctor he was diagnosed with malaria tertiana,

Bung Karno's body temperature was very high

so the doctor gave drugs to reduce heat.

Bung Karno then got up from his bed at 09:00 a.m.

and at 10:00 he read the text of the proclamation of Indonesian independence.

Because his condition was not healthy, Bung Karno was not fasting at that time,

although previously had time to eat sahur with his best friend, Mohammad Hatta.

On the advice of his personal doctor, Bung Karno canceled his fast that day.

The original text of the proclamation had disappeared,

manuscript of the draft proclamation handwritten by President Soekarno,

was lost after the manuscript was retyped by Sayuti Melik.

Perhaps because the manuscript had been retyped, the handwritten original was later

not really paid attention, so that too wasted.

Burhanudin mohammad diah found the original manuscript

in the wastebasket at Admiral Maeda's residence and then securing it.

BM Diah kept the original manuscript and

just gave it to President Suharto on May 29, 1992.

Before typing by sayuti melik,

Mohammad Hatta or who is familiarly called Bung Hatta,

apparently had assigned BM diah to duplicate or reproduce the text of the proclamation.

He also ordered the text to be disseminated.

After the concept of the proclamation text was completed, it was written by ir. Soekarno and agreed together,

sayuti melik copying and typing the manuscript using a typewriter taken from the German naval representative office,

belongs to the marine major dr. hermann candeler.

Finished reading the proclamation by ir. Soekarno then continued with a short speech,

the next procession is the raising of the red and white flag.

At first, surastri karma trimurti or better known as sk trimurti

who is a journalist, writer and Indonesian language teacher

asked to raise the red and white flag,

but he refused on the grounds that flag-raising should be done by a soldier.

Then appointed Latief Hendraningrat who is a PETA soldier

assisted by Soehoed for the task.

The red and white heirloom flag or known as the red and white saka yang

hoisted on August 17, 1945,

stitched by the wife of president Soekarno, namely Mrs. Fatmawati.

He sewed the flag himself,

The cloth he used to make the flag was a cotton sheet gift from a Japanese officer

and it is said that the red cloth was obtained from the covering of the soup seller.

The proclamation ceremony was carried out very simply,

the ceremony proceeded without protocol, without music, without conductor and without uniform.

Even the flag-raising pole was set up just minutes before the ceremony began.

The flag-raising pole was made of bamboo and was prepared by a line of pioneers led by the PETA commander

namely shodancho latief hendraningrat and shodancho arifin abdurahman.

The ceremony at that time had only three agendas,

namely, reading the text of the proclamation,

raising the red and white flag and singing the Indonesia Raya song,

and the last one was a speech from the mayor of jakarta at that time, namely suwiryo and doctor muwardi.

The head of the Japanese military government sent five officers to visit ir. Soekarno

with the intention of prohibiting Soekarno from reading the proclamation,

however, the five officers came when the ceremony had finished

and the proclamation was read.

The five officers then left the ceremony

after previously being surrounded by a line of pioneers with machetes and sharp bamboo.

Frans Mendoer who is a journalistic photographer

is a figure who perpetuates the proclamation of Indonesia's independence ceremony.

After the ceremony is over

frans mendoer chased and approached by Japanese soldiers who intend to seize and destroy

film negatives or cliches that belong to him.

Luckily just before the arrival of the Japanese soldiers,

frans mendoer managed to hide the cliché under a tree

in the backyard of the Asia Raya daily office where he works.

When met by Japanese soldiers, he admitted that the photos of the proclamation

Indonesian independence has been taken by the vanguard ranks.

Photo by frans mendoer allows the Indonesian nation to witness the documentation of the proclamation of Indonesian independence.

Reading of the text of the proclamation which was carried out on August 17, 1945

have not had time to record because of blackout,

and at that time Indonesia was closely watched by Japan.

The founder of RRI, Jusuf Ronodipuro, asked President Soekarno to repeat and record the reading of the text of the proclamation.

However, Soekarno's intention was rejected, who considered reading the text of the proclamation

only valid once.

After being persuaded, President Soekarno finally agreed to read the text of the proclamation again.

The recording did not take place until 1951

at the RRI Studio which is located on Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No.4 Jakarta.

Master recorded text of the proclamation was sent to Lokananta in Solo for duplication in 1959.

Sound recordings of reading the text of the proclamation that we hear today

is a recording made 6 years after Indonesia's independence.

Bung Karno and Bung Hatta officially obtained the title of proclamator 41 years after

Indonesian independence.

Even though the title of proclaimer has been given by the Indonesian people

since 1945,

however, the official title award from the government was only given in 1999

1986 or 41 years after Indonesia's independence.

At first, Bung Hatta had suggested that all those present at the meeting of the formulation of the proclamation text

to co-sign the text,

however the proposal was later rejected by the volunteer.

If the proposal is approved, the proclaimers will number more than two people.

Apart from being the anniversary of the Indonesian nation,

August 17 is also the date when the death of 2 figures who contributed to the Indonesian nation

namely, the songwriter Indonesia Raya, Wage Rudolf Supratman

or better known as wr supratman,

he died on August 17, 1938 at the age of 34 years.

Besides Wr Supratman who died on August 17,

a originator of Indonesian language knowledge, namely Herman Neubronner van der tuuk

who died on 17 August 1894 at the age of 69 years.

He is the originator of the foundations of modern linguistics in several languages ​​spoken in the archipelago.

That is a brief history of the proclamation of Indonesian independence and some of the facts in it.

As the saying goes

"A great nation is a nation that does not forget the merits of its heroes".

Hopefully the anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Indonesia this year

can further cultivate the nature of our patriotism and nationalism as the nation's next generation,

so that we can take this nation towards a better future,

and can compete in a positive context with other countries in the world.

Thank you for watching, and waiting for our next video.