Ilmu Ukur Tanah Basic (Part 2)

Sri Rezki Artini

18 Oct 202009:41

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses various measurement techniques and tools used in civil engineering and surveying. It covers the conversion of grades to decimals, direct and indirect distance measurements, and the use of scales in map readings. The script also introduces different surveying equipment such as tape measures, total stations, and GPS devices. It explains practical applications like contour mapping and land leveling, emphasizing the importance of accurate measurements in engineering projects.

Takeaways

😀 The script discusses converting measurements from one unit to another, specifically from grades to centimeters and vice versa.
📏 It mentions the use of specific formulas to calculate distances, such as using tape measures and surveying tools like theodolites.
📐 The concept of map scales is explained, highlighting the difference between large and small scales and their applications.
🗺️ The importance of choosing the appropriate map scale based on the project's needs is emphasized.
🏗️ Civil engineering calculations are mentioned, including the use of scales in civil engineering to determine distances and sizes.
🔍 The script describes the use of surveying equipment like total stations and GPS for accurate measurements in the field.
🛠️ It provides examples of how these tools are used in real-world civil engineering projects, such as bridge height measurements.
📊 The process of converting field measurements to scale drawings is outlined, which is crucial for planning construction and land development.
📈 The script touches on the significance of contour lines and cross-sections in understanding land surfaces for engineering and construction purposes.
🔧 Practical applications of surveying and measurement tools are discussed, including their use in land surveying, road construction, and tunneling projects.

Q & A

What is the process of converting a grade value to its equivalent in degrees and percent?
-The process involves converting a grade value to degrees by subtracting the grade from 100 and multiplying the remainder by 100. Then, to convert to percent, multiply the decimal part by 100. For example, 255.3456 grade is converted to 255 degrees and 34.56 percent.
How do you calculate the distance using direct and indirect methods?
-Direct methods use measuring tapes, meter rods, and wheel measures with readings from surveyor's rods. Indirect methods involve using formulas based on readings from benchmarks and other surveying techniques.
What is the formula for calculating distance in surveying?
-The formula for calculating distance in surveying is the difference between the upper and lower readings multiplied by 100.
What are the differences between large and small scales in mapping?
-Large scale maps have larger numbers but are less detailed, while small scale maps have smaller numbers and cover more extensive areas with less detail.
How do you determine the scale of a map?
-The scale of a map is determined by comparing a distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. For example, a scale of 1:1000 means 1 unit on the map represents 1000 units in reality.
What is the significance of the red line in the context of map scales?
-The red line is used to illustrate the difference between various map scales, showing how the level of detail changes with different scales.
How do you calculate the distance on paper for a given scale and actual distance?
-To calculate the distance on paper, you convert the actual distance to centimeters and then divide by the scale's denominator.
What is the purpose of using a total station in surveying?
-A total station is used for precise measurements in surveying, allowing for accurate distance, angle, and elevation measurements.
What is the difference between a digital level and a total station?
-A digital level is used for measuring vertical angles, while a total station is a more advanced instrument that combines distance measurement and angle measurement capabilities.
How is GPS used in surveying and civil engineering?
-GPS is used in surveying and civil engineering for positioning, mapping, and navigation. It provides accurate location data that can be used for various engineering tasks.
What is the purpose of contour lines in surveying?
-Contour lines connect points of equal elevation on the ground and are used to represent the shape of the terrain on maps. They are essential for understanding landforms and planning construction projects.

Outlines

00:00

📏 Conversion of Measurement Units and Introduction to Surveying Tools

This paragraph discusses the conversion of measurement units, specifically focusing on temperature scales. It explains how to convert a given temperature in degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius and vice versa, using mathematical formulas. The speaker provides an example of converting 255.3456 degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, resulting in 34.56 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the paragraph introduces the concept of direct and indirect distances in surveying, with direct distances measured using tools like tape measures and wheel measures. The speaker also mentions the use of road signs for direct distance measurements. The paragraph concludes with an introduction to scale conversion in maps, explaining the difference between large and small scales and how they affect the level of detail in a map. The speaker provides examples of different scales and their corresponding map details.

05:04

🔍 Surveying Techniques and Tools in Civil Engineering

The second paragraph delves into the practical applications of surveying in civil engineering. It discusses the use of various surveying tools such as total stations and theodolites, highlighting their importance in tasks like measuring the height of structures and creating contour lines for land development. The speaker mentions personal experiences with using these tools, such as measuring a tower in South Sumatra in 2015. The paragraph also covers the use of GPS devices in surveying, including hand-held GPS units and geodetic GPS, which are used for various civil engineering tasks. The speaker describes how data collected from these devices can be transferred to a laptop for further processing and visualization. The paragraph concludes with a brief overview of surveying tasks such as creating cross-sections and calculating areas, which are essential for civil engineering projects. The speaker expresses a hope that the information shared will be beneficial and ends with a farewell message.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Grade

In the context of the video, 'grade' refers to a specific measurement of slope or inclination, often used in civil engineering and surveying. It is defined as the angle or steepness of a surface relative to the horizontal plane. The script mentions converting a grade to a decimal form, illustrating the practical application of this concept in engineering calculations, such as when calculating the steepness of a road or the slope of an embankment.

💡Decimal

The term 'decimal' in the video script is used in the context of converting measurements from one form to another, specifically from grade to a decimal value. Decimals are numbers that represent fractions using a base-10 system, where the digits after the decimal point indicate tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc. In the script, the conversion of grade to a decimal is an example of simplifying slope measurements for easier calculation and understanding.

💡Surveying

Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space position of points and the distances and angles between them. It is crucial in civil engineering, construction, and mapping. The video script discusses various surveying tools and methods, such as using a tape measure and total station, which are essential for measuring distances and angles accurately in the field.

💡Scale

In the video, 'scale' refers to the ratio of a distance on a map or drawing to the actual distance on the ground. It is a fundamental concept in cartography and surveying. The script explains different scales, such as 1:10,000 and 1:500,000, and how they affect the level of detail and accuracy in map representations. Understanding scale is essential for interpreting maps and planning construction projects.

💡Direct Distance

Direct distance in the script pertains to the measurement of the shortest path between two points, typically measured using tools like tape measures or laser rangefinders. This concept is important in surveying and construction to determine the exact distance between points for planning and execution purposes. The video mentions using direct distance measurements for various engineering tasks.

💡Indirect Distance

Indirect distance, as mentioned in the video, is a method of measuring distance by calculating it from known points rather than measuring it directly. This is often used when direct measurement is not feasible, such as across bodies of water or in hazardous areas. The script discusses how indirect distance can be determined using surveying techniques and tools.

💡Total Station

A total station is a sophisticated surveying instrument that combines an electronic theodolite, a distance measuring device, and software to calculate coordinates of points. The video script describes the use of total stations in various surveying tasks, such as measuring the height of a tower or creating contour lines for land development. It is an essential tool in modern surveying for its accuracy and efficiency.

💡Contour Line

Contour lines on a map represent lines of equal elevation. They are crucial in civil engineering and land surveying for understanding the terrain's shape and slope. The video script mentions the importance of contour lines in land development, such as planning excavation and filling operations. These lines are derived from surveying data and help visualize the three-dimensional terrain on a two-dimensional map.

💡GPS

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation system that provides geolocation and time information to GPS receivers anywhere on or near the Earth. In the video, GPS is mentioned as a tool used in surveying and civil engineering for obtaining precise location data. The script also refers to GPS hand-held devices and geodetic GPS, which are used for various surveying tasks, such as setting up construction sites or mapping large areas.

💡Cross-Section

A cross-section in the context of the video refers to a vertical slice through an object or landscape, typically used in engineering and geology to study the internal structure or composition. The script discusses creating cross-sections for surveying and engineering purposes, such as analyzing the layers of soil or rock for construction projects. Cross-sections are essential for understanding the subsurface conditions and planning infrastructure development.

Highlights

Conversion of grade values to decimal form with an example of 255.3456 grade being converted.

Explanation of converting grade to a percentage by multiplying the decimal grade by 100.

Introduction to direct and indirect distances, with tools like measuring tapes and range finders for direct measurements.

Formula for calculating direct distance using the difference between upper and lower thread readings multiplied by 100.

Discussion on map scales, differentiating between large and small scales and their applications.

Practical example of scale conversion from a real-world measurement to a map representation.

Explanation of the ideal scale for civil engineering calculations, such as 1:11,000 where 1 meter on paper represents 11 meters on the ground.

Conversion of real-world measurements to map measurements using different scales, like 1:2500 and 1:250.

Demonstration of using total stations, a type of surveying instrument, for various civil engineering tasks.

Description of a total station used by first-semester students for surveying tasks.

Examples of field surveying work, including measuring the height of a tower in South Sumatra using a theodolite.

Introduction to the use of GPS devices in surveying and civil engineering, including handheld and geodetic GPS units.

Explanation of how survey data is connected to a laptop for further processing and mapping.

Discussion on contour lines and their importance in land surveying for understanding the terrain's surface.

Overview of land surveying techniques and their applications in civil engineering projects.

Introduction to cross-section and longitudinal section surveys, essential for civil engineering design.

Example of a closed polygon measurement, a common task in surveying and civil engineering.

Closing remarks, summarizing the key points and expressing hope for the usefulness of the information shared.