Unveiling the Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence | Jada Scott | TEDxYouth@JeffersonStreet

Summary

This video explores the pros and cons of artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing its potential as a transformative tool if used wisely. It explains three AI models: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforced learning. The video highlights AI's applications in medicine, manufacturing, and education, while addressing concerns about accuracy and bias. A personal project on an AI-generated pneumonia detector illustrates AI's promise and challenges, concluding that with ethical and smart use, AI can be a boon for society.

Takeaways

• 🤖 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often misunderstood as a threat, but it has the potential to be a phenomenal resource if used wisely and safely.
• 🧠 AI is defined as a computer system that resembles neurons in the human brain and can recognize patterns in information.
• 📈 There are three main models of AI: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforced learning, each with different methods of human interaction and learning.
• 👶 Supervised AI is trained by humans who provide information and identify patterns for the AI to learn from, similar to teaching a child.
• 🔍 Unsupervised AI allows the computer to identify patterns on its own from the information provided by humans, like how chatbots understand and respond to queries.
• 🚗 Reinforced AI observes human tasks and learns to mimic them without direct human input, exemplified by self-driving cars learning from human driving patterns.
• 🩺 AI can be beneficial in the workforce, particularly in the medical field, where it can assist doctors by taking over time-consuming tasks like pattern recognition in X-rays.
• 🏭 In manufacturing, AI can perform dangerous jobs more efficiently, reducing risks for human workers.
• 🏫 AI has the potential to aid in education, not replace teachers, but assist in managing tasks, especially in areas where teacher shortages are prevalent.
• ⚠️ Concerns about AI include its accuracy, which is crucial for safety, and the risk of bias in the information it learns from humans, which can lead to exclusion or unfair treatment.
• 🌟 The development of AI should prioritize inclusivity to ensure it benefits everyone and does not perpetuate existing inequalities.

Q & A

What is the official definition of artificial intelligence?

The official definition of artificial intelligence is a computer system that resembles neurons in the human brain and is able to pick up on patterns and the information that it receives.

What are the three models of AI mentioned in the script?

The three models of AI mentioned are supervised AI, unsupervised AI, and reinforced AI.

How does supervised AI work?

Supervised AI involves a human feeding the computer information and pointing out the patterns, and it is up to the AI to practice those patterns in order to accomplish a human task.

What is an example of supervised AI mentioned in the script?

An example of supervised AI mentioned is face recognition, where the AI is trained to recognize a specific face by being shown images of that face.

How does unsupervised AI differ from supervised AI?

In unsupervised AI, a human still feeds the computer information, but it is up to the computer to point out the patterns itself, without explicit guidance on what patterns to look for.

What is an example of unsupervised AI given in the script?

An example of unsupervised AI given is chat GPT, where the AI formulates its answer based on keywords it identifies in the user's question.

What is reinforced AI and how does it work?

Reinforced AI is the most advanced type of AI, where it does not need a human to give it any information. Instead, it observes a human task and is able to mimic it by itself.

What is an example of reinforced AI mentioned in the script?

An example of reinforced AI mentioned is a self-driving car, which learns to drive by observing human driving.

How can AI be beneficial in the medical field according to the script?

AI can be used in the medical field to allow doctors to spend less time diagnosing patients and more time on treatment, such as by using pattern recognition to analyze medical images like X-rays.

What concerns are raised about the use of AI in the workforce?

The concerns raised include the accuracy of AI, as it needs to be as accurate as possible to avoid putting people's lives at risk, and bias in the information that AI is trained on, which can lead to biased AI systems.

Why is it important for AI to be inclusive during its development?

It is important for AI to be inclusive during its development to ensure that it does not perpetuate existing biases and exclusions faced by minorities, and to make sure that it benefits and serves everyone equally.

What was the outcome of the AI-generated pneumonia detector project mentioned in the script?

The AI-generated pneumonia detector project achieved an accuracy rate of 80%, but it highlighted the need for AI to be constantly trained and learning to improve its performance.

Outlines

00:00

🤖 Introduction to AI and Common Misconceptions

The speaker introduces the topic of artificial intelligence (AI), addressing common fears and misconceptions, such as the idea that AI will lead to evil robots taking over the world. The speaker emphasizes that AI, like many other historical inventions, has the potential to enable great societal advancements. The key is ensuring AI is used wisely and safely. The speaker also reflects on their personal research into AI, noting its potential to be a valuable resource if applied carefully.

05:00

📱 Definition and Types of AI

The speaker defines AI as a computer system that mimics the human brain's neurons, learning from patterns in data. They describe three types of AI: supervised AI, where humans teach the system through examples (e.g., facial recognition); unsupervised AI, where the system identifies patterns without direct human input (e.g., ChatGPT); and reinforced AI, the most advanced form, which learns by observing human actions (e.g., self-driving cars). These models demonstrate different ways AI can assist with tasks, learning either through instruction or observation.

🏥 AI Applications in the Workforce

The speaker outlines three areas where AI can positively impact the workforce: medicine, manufacturing, and education. In the medical field, AI can assist doctors by analyzing patterns in x-rays, allowing them to focus more on treatment. In manufacturing, AI is already being used in car production to take on dangerous jobs, improving worker safety. In education, AI can help address the shortage of teachers by supporting instructional tasks, though it is not intended to replace them.

⚠️ Concerns about AI: Accuracy and Bias

The speaker highlights three key concerns about AI: accuracy, bias, and inclusivity. AI must be highly accurate to avoid risks in areas where human safety is involved. Bias is also a significant issue, as AI systems can inherit human biases present in their training data. A recent example of this was seen with Apple's facial recognition AI, which struggled to recognize people with darker skin tones. Ensuring that AI is inclusive and avoids perpetuating bias is essential, especially for marginalized groups.

📊 AI in Research and Challenges with Accuracy

The speaker shares their experience working on an AI research project to create a pneumonia detector. While AI showed potential by distinguishing between patients with and without pneumonia, it only reached an 80% accuracy rate. This was partly due to the AI becoming too familiar with the training data. The speaker stresses the importance of ensuring that AI is fed diverse information and continues to learn and improve over time.

🔑 Conclusion: Balancing AI’s Potential and Risks

In the conclusion, the speaker summarizes that AI has the potential to be a phenomenal resource, but it is crucial to find a balance between its benefits and risks. They emphasize the importance of ethical use and widespread understanding of how AI works. The speaker believes that if AI is used wisely, it can be a great tool for society.

Keywords

💡Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. The video explains how AI is used to recognize patterns and make decisions, emphasizing that while AI can be highly beneficial, its development and use must be approached cautiously. It highlights the general fear that AI might replace humans, but the speaker encourages the audience to recognize its potential when used safely.

💡Supervised AI

Supervised AI is a model where humans provide labeled data and guide the AI to recognize patterns. The video compares it to teaching a child by showing examples and giving practice problems. An example provided is facial recognition, where the AI is trained to identify faces based on the images it is fed.

💡Unsupervised AI

Unsupervised AI is a model where the AI is given data without explicit labels or guidance, and it must identify patterns on its own. The video mentions ChatGPT as an example, where the AI generates responses by analyzing keywords in the user's input. This type of AI is more independent compared to supervised AI, allowing it to find solutions without being directly told what to look for.

💡Reinforced AI

Reinforced AI is described as the most advanced AI model, where the system learns through observation and practice without needing explicit human input. An example from the video is self-driving cars, where AI learns to drive by observing human drivers. This model represents the peak of AI autonomy, as it can adapt and learn from experience.

💡Pattern Recognition

Pattern recognition is the ability of AI to identify and classify data based on learned patterns. The video emphasizes that this is a key component of AI, with applications like medical image analysis, where AI distinguishes between images of broken and non-broken bones. It's a foundational capability for AI across industries, enabling machines to make accurate decisions based on data.

💡Bias in AI

Bias in AI occurs when the data used to train AI models reflects human prejudices, leading to biased outcomes. The video discusses how Apple’s facial recognition technology struggled to recognize darker skin tones due to biased training data. This highlights a significant concern in AI development, where biased input can lead to discriminatory or inaccurate results, especially when the technology is used in critical areas like hiring or law enforcement.

💡Accuracy of AI

The accuracy of AI refers to how closely the AI’s predictions or decisions match real-world outcomes. The speaker stresses that AI needs to be highly accurate, especially when applied in fields like medicine or self-driving cars, where mistakes can have severe consequences. In the speaker's project, the AI's accuracy reached only 80%, demonstrating the challenges AI faces in reaching perfection.

💡Pneumonia Detector

The pneumonia detector project mentioned in the video is an example of AI being applied in healthcare. The speaker explains how they used AI to differentiate between patients with pneumonia and those without by feeding it medical images. This example illustrates AI's potential to assist doctors by handling time-consuming diagnostic tasks, allowing them to focus on treatment.

💡Medical Field

The medical field is one of the areas where AI can have a significant impact, as mentioned in the video. AI can assist doctors by performing tasks like analyzing medical images to diagnose conditions faster and more accurately. The speaker discusses how AI could allow doctors to spend less time diagnosing and more time treating patients, showing how AI could revolutionize healthcare.

💡Ethical Use of AI

Ethical use of AI is a central theme of the video, emphasizing the need to ensure that AI is developed and applied responsibly. The speaker advocates for using AI wisely and inclusively, ensuring that all groups are considered in its development. This idea is tied to concerns about bias and the potential negative consequences of AI if not properly managed.

Highlights

Introduction to the positives and negatives of artificial intelligence (AI).

Clarification that AI is not inherently evil, and it's comparable to other major technological advancements like the wheel or the smartphone.

AI's potential to be a phenomenal resource, but only if used safely and wisely.

Explanation of the three main types of AI: supervised AI, unsupervised AI, and reinforced AI.

Supervised AI involves humans feeding the AI information and teaching it to recognize patterns.

Unsupervised AI identifies patterns by itself without explicit instruction from humans.

Reinforced AI learns by observing human behavior and mimicking it, with the example of self-driving cars.

AI in the medical field can help doctors by assisting in pattern recognition tasks, like diagnosing broken bones from X-rays.

AI in the manufacturing industry is already taking over dangerous jobs and improving efficiency.

In education, AI can support teachers, especially in regions where there is a shortage due to low wages.

Concerns about AI accuracy and its importance, especially when integrated into human-centric tasks.

The issue of bias in AI is highlighted with the example of Apple’s facial recognition AI, which struggled with darker skin tones.

The need for inclusivity in AI development, ensuring that minorities are not left behind.

Research project on AI-generated pneumonia detection, which achieved only 80% accuracy due to overfamiliarity with training data.

Final conclusion emphasizing the need for ethical and wise use of AI to ensure its positive impact on society.

Transcripts

[Music]

oh

[Music]

today I'm going to be talking to you

guys about the positives and negatives

of artificial intelligence also known as

AI now right off the bat when I say the

word AI many of you in this room

probably think oh AI is evil robots are

going to take over the world well this

isn't necessarily true if you think

about it throughout history humans have

created a multitude of inventions that

have enabled Society to accomplish great

things for example the wheel or the

radio and now the

smartphone AI just might be the next big

thing and just like all new things

people are terrified and it's okay to be

scared recently I have taken it upon

myself to learn a little bit more about

artificial intelligence since I know

it's going to have such a big impact on

me and from the research and experiments

that I've have seen I believe that AI

has the potential to be a phenomenal

resource but this can only be done if

it's used safely and

wisely so if you're thinking oh this

doesn't really apply to me I don't use

AI take a moment to look in your pocket

or your purse and if there's a phone in

there then I hate to tell you but that

is a

the official Definition of artificial

intelligence is a computer system that

resembles neurons in the human brain and

is able to pick up on patterns and the

information that it

receives so there are three models of AI

first being um supervised Ai and this is

where a human feeds the computer

information and points out the patterns

and it is up to the AI to practice those

patterns in order to accompl Lish a

human task so think of this as training

a child to do something you must first

give them a

situation and then show them how to

accomplish that situation and then give

them a few practice problems to ensure

they know the

skill a real world example of supervised

AI is any sort of face recognition where

you're giving the AI a photo of your

face classifying who it is and then is

up to the AI to recognize that face

anytime that it sees

it the next model is unsupervised Ai and

this is where a human is still feeding

the computer information but it is up to

the computer to point out the patterns

itself an example of this is chat GPT so

in this case the question is the

information that a human is giving the

computer and it is up to that computer

to find a key word in your question in

order to formulate its

answer the last Model is reinforced Ai

and this is known to be the most

advanced type that we have right now

this is because it does not need a human

to give it any information rather it

observes a human task and is able to

mimic it by itself an example of this is

a self-driving car the AI can just watch

a human drive a car and then learn to

drive it by

itself so as you can see there are a

many benefits that AI has and I'm going

to give you three ways that it can be

used in the

workforce first it can be used at in the

medical

field it can allow doctors to spend less

time diagnosing the patient and more

time on the treatment of the patient so

let's say you're a doctor and you want

to separate images of broken bones from

non-broken Bones all this is is pattern

recognition so AI can be used for the

task all you have to do is give it x-ray

images of both types and it'll be able

to decipher the two by

itself AI could also be used in the

manufacturing field so as you may know

manufacturing can be a very dangerous

job and AI is already being used in car

manufacturing specifically

to take the load off of the workers and

do more of the dangerous jobs more

efficiently AI also has the potential to

be used in the education field now I'm

not trying to say that robots are going

to take over teachers jobs rather it can

be used to help aid the process

especially since it's already so hard to

find teachers due to low

wages with all these benefits there are

also many concerns and I'm going to give

you the three main types number one is a

concern with the accuracy right now ai

is not very accurate and it needs to be

if it's going to be working in the

workforce and this is because it is so

intertwined with humans that it's going

to put a lot of people's lives at risk

if it

malfunctions so they say you shouldn't

be a perfectionist but AI needs to be as

accurate as

possible another huge concern is bias in

the information that AI is receiving so

like I said humans are the one that are

training these machines so if the human

trains the AI information with bias then

that AI is going to be biased as

well an example of this happened pretty

recently when Apple products were making

their um face recognition AI they only

tested it on individuals with lighter

skin tones so

whenever it the Prototype was being

presented it could not recognize people

with darker skin tones as easily so this

really brought to light how important it

is for AI to be inclusive of everybody

and I personally stress this issue

because I know that minorities have

always been excluded from major

accommodations so I personally want to

make sure that AI is not another thing

on that list and we are able to be all

inclusive in the development of the

technology

ology so I was able to see all these

positives and negatives into effect with

a research project that I did to make an

AI generated pneumonia detector so we

did this by feeding the AI both images

of patients with pneumonia and without

so that way it can decipher the two

types while doing this project I noticed

that Innovations like this could really

take the Lo off of doctors and it could

really help our

society however I also noticed that

despite all the images that we kept

feeding it it could only get to accuracy

rate of

80% and this was because the information

or the AI was becoming too familiar with

the information that we were giving it

so not only do we have to make sure that

we are feeding the AI enough information

but we also have to make sure that it is

training and always always

learning so to sum this all up I do

believe that AI can be a phenomenal

resource but we must make sure that we

have a medium between the positives and

negatives and work to improve it as much

as we can but as you already know AI is

everywhere so it is very important that

everybody knows how it works and what it

is so they can interact with it

so I think that as long as we can use it

ethically and wisely it will be a great

thing thank

you