KEMISKINAN DAN PENGANGGURAN INDONESIA | SRI MULYADI MENTERI KEUANGAN

Summary

The speaker addresses the irony of rising unemployment and poverty despite economic discussions. They highlight the impact of the pandemic on economies, including Indonesia's, with unemployment rates increasing. The speaker emphasizes the government's efforts to recover through fiscal policy, social assistance, and infrastructure development. They refute perceptions that the government only caters to large businesses, detailing support for small businesses and the ultra-poor. The discussion also covers the importance of focusing on poverty and extreme poverty, as well as the government's initiatives to provide credit, healthcare support, and social welfare programs to alleviate these issues.

Takeaways

• 📈 The speaker discusses the irony of rising unemployment and poverty despite macroeconomic and fiscal complexities.
• 🌐 The pandemic has led to economic contractions globally, affecting Indonesia's unemployment rates which increased from 5.2% to 7.1%.
• 💼 The government has implemented fiscal policy instruments to address unemployment, including social assistance programs.
• 🏭 There's a perception that the government's fiscal policies only cater to large businesses, but the speaker clarifies that social assistance is also provided.
• 📉 Unemployment rates have started to decrease, now below 6%, showing a positive trend in economic recovery.
• 📊 Poverty rates initially rose but have since decreased, indicating government efforts are having an impact.
• 🏗️ Infrastructure development, including sanitation and irrigation, is highlighted as a key area for government focus to reduce unemployment and poverty.
• 💼 The government is providing credit to small and micro businesses, with a significant increase in credit volume from pre-COVID levels.
• 💰 Ultra-micro loans (Umi) are being offered to reach those who cannot access banking services, with a total fund of 10 trillion and over 7 million recipients.
• 🏥 Social welfare programs like PKH (conditional cash transfers) and health insurance subsidies are being strengthened to support vulnerable populations.
• 🌱 Success stories of individuals moving from social assistance to self-sufficiency are shared, demonstrating the effectiveness of government programs.

Q & A

What is the main issue discussed regarding the economy?

The main issue discussed is the rise in unemployment and poverty, which is seen as ironic given the complexity of macroeconomic and fiscal policies.

How has the pandemic affected the economy and unemployment rates?

The pandemic has caused economic contraction, leading to an increase in unemployment rates from 7 million to 9.7 million, affecting all countries.

What measures were taken to address the economic downturn?

Fiscal policy instruments were discussed, including social assistance programs and support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

What is the current state of unemployment in Indonesia?

Unemployment has started to decrease and is now below 6%, specifically at 5.9%, with a return to 8.4%.

What steps are being taken to reduce poverty?

The government is focusing on poverty reduction, especially extreme poverty and stunting, by providing social assistance like the Indonesian Family Hope Program (PKH) and other welfare programs.

How does infrastructure development play a role in the economy?

Infrastructure development, including roads, sanitation, clean water, and irrigation, is seen as a way to stimulate the economy and is managed by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR).

What is the government's approach to supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)?

The government is providing credit and business loans to MSMEs, with a significant increase in the volume of credit available, reaching 379 trillion for over 7.6 million borrowers.

What is the significance of the Ultra Micro Credit (UMi) program?

The UMi program is designed to provide financial support to the smallest businesses, especially those that may not have access to traditional banking, with a total fund circulation of 10 trillion and over 7 million recipients.

How does the government assist families in need through social programs?

The government assists families through various social programs like the PKH, which is based on the number of children in the family, and provides additional support for health insurance and maternity benefits.

What is the impact of social assistance on recipients' lives?

Social assistance programs have enabled recipients to become self-sufficient, with some starting their own businesses and no longer requiring government aid.

How does the government ensure that the public understands the scope of its economic policies?

The government is working to communicate the breadth of its economic policies, emphasizing that they are not only for large corporations but also for small businesses and individuals.

Outlines

00:00

📈 Economic Challenges and Government Responses

The paragraph discusses the rise in unemployment and poverty, possibly due to the complexities of macroeconomic and fiscal policies. The speaker addresses the economic contraction experienced by many countries during the pandemic, with Indonesia's unemployment rate increasing from 5.2% to 7.1%. The government's response includes fiscal policy instruments, social assistance programs, and efforts to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The speaker refutes the perception that the government only caters to large businesses, highlighting the distribution of credit to SMEs and the creation of ultra-micro loans through various financial institutions. The paragraph concludes with a mention of the government's focus on reducing poverty and improving infrastructure as key to addressing unemployment and poverty.

05:00

💼 Social Welfare and Economic Empowerment

This paragraph focuses on social welfare programs and their impact on the most vulnerable populations. It mentions the provision of direct cash assistance through the Family Hope Program (PKH), which is based on the number of children in a family and their educational level. The speaker also discusses the inclusion of beneficiaries in the national health insurance system,免除医疗费用, and the provision of additional benefits for pregnant women and families in need. The paragraph highlights the success stories of individuals who have transitioned from social assistance to self-sufficiency through entrepreneurship, such as selling bakso and establishing small businesses. The speaker emphasizes the government's commitment to supporting these initiatives and the importance of not having a perception that the government's budget is only for large corporations, but also significantly for the small and micro enterprises.

Keywords

💡Unemployment

Unemployment refers to the state of being without a job while actively seeking work. In the context of the video, it is a significant issue that has been exacerbated by the pandemic, with the rate increasing from 5.2% to 7.1%. The video discusses how government policies and economic recovery measures are aimed at addressing this problem, highlighting the importance of job creation and support for the unemployed.

💡Poverty

Poverty is the condition of having little or no money and few or no material possessions. The video script mentions that poverty rates initially rose from 9.2% to 10.2% but have since decreased to 9.5%. The discussion on poverty is linked to the broader theme of economic welfare, and the government's focus on poverty alleviation is evident through various social assistance programs.

💡Economic Recovery

Economic recovery refers to the process of an economy regaining its strength after a period of decline, such as during a pandemic. The video discusses the government's efforts to stimulate economic recovery through fiscal policies and infrastructure development, aiming to create jobs and improve living standards.

💡Fiscal Policy

Fiscal policy involves the government's use of taxation and spending to influence the economy. The video mentions the use of fiscal policy instruments to support businesses and individuals affected by the economic downturn, emphasizing the government's role in managing the economy and addressing unemployment and poverty.

💡Social Assistance

Social assistance refers to government programs that provide financial support to individuals and families in need. The script discusses various forms of social assistance, such as cash transfers and subsidies, which are designed to help those most affected by unemployment and poverty.

💡Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

MSMEs are businesses that are small in size and often play a crucial role in job creation and economic development. The video script highlights the government's efforts to support MSMEs through credit facilities and financial assistance, recognizing their importance in the economy and their vulnerability during economic downturns.

💡Infrastructure

Infrastructure refers to the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, such as roads, bridges, and sanitation systems. The video discusses infrastructure development as a means to stimulate economic growth and improve living conditions, with examples including the construction of roads, dams, and irrigation systems.

💡PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan)

PKH is a conditional cash transfer program aimed at reducing poverty by providing financial assistance to poor families, conditional on their participation in certain health, education, and nutrition programs. The video mentions how PKH has been used to support families during the pandemic, illustrating the government's commitment to social welfare.

💡Ultra Micro Credit

Ultra Micro Credit refers to very small loans provided to individuals or businesses that may not have access to traditional banking services. The video script discusses the creation of Ultra Micro Credit programs, such as 'Umi', to provide financial support to the smallest of businesses, emphasizing the government's efforts to reach the most vulnerable segments of society.

💡BPJS Kesehatan

BPJS Kesehatan is Indonesia's social health insurance scheme, which aims to provide affordable health services to all citizens. The video mentions that the government covers BPJS Kesehatan premiums for certain vulnerable groups, ensuring they have access to healthcare without out-of-pocket expenses.

💡Stunting

Stunting refers to the impaired growth and development that children experience from poor nutrition, especially during the first 1,000 days of life. The video script mentions the government's focus on addressing stunting as a key factor in determining future poverty and unemployment, highlighting the importance of early childhood development in breaking the cycle of poverty.

Highlights

Ironi pengangguran dan kemiskinan naik

Ekonomi makro dan fiskal yang kompleks

Pandemi menyebabkan kontraksi ekonomi dan PHK

Instrumen kebijakan fiskal untuk memulihkan ekonomi

Bansos naik dan pengangguran mulai turun

Kemiskinan sempat melonjak namun kemudian turun kembali

Presiden Jokowi fokuskan kebijakan pada kemiskinan

Infrastruktur dan sanitasi sebagai upaya pemerintah

UMKM tidak diabaikan, kredit usaha rakyat diberikan

Pemberian kredit mikro hingga ultra mikro untuk masyarakat

Pemerintah melalui KUR mendukung lebih dari 7,6 juta debitur

PKH dan beasiswa untuk masyarakat yang membutuhkan

BPJS Kesehatan tanpa biaya untuk keluarga rentan

Menteri Sosial memiliki rencana untuk memperkuat bantuan sosial

PKH membantu masyarakat menciptakan usaha baru

Pemerintah tidak hanya fokus pada perusahaan besar

APBN juga diperuntukkan untuk rakyat kecil

Transcripts

pak rektor tadi disampaikan katanya

ironis pengangguran dan kemiskinan naik

mungkin saya sampaikan begini ya pak

rektor memang kalau saya bicara tentang

ekonomi makro dan fiskal mungkin karena

itu adalah makro dan fiskal yang cukup

Kompleks jadinya ya Udah kayaknya

baik-baik aja tapi yang saya lihat ada

orang nganggur gitu kan itu kan

subjektivitas manusia tapi saya

sampaikan begini waktu terjadi

pandemi semua negara kan tadi mengalami

syok ya Pak ya ekonominya kontraksi

kalau ekonomi kontraksi itu memang ada

PHK Indonesia mengalami juga itu dilihat

itu 5,2 ke 7,1 kalau kita lihat jumlah

pengangguran naik dari 7 juta ke

9,7 semua negara kena musibah Jadi

gimana caranya kita memulihkannya tadi

dengan cerita saya yang panjang lebar

instrumen kebijakan fiskal yang mungkin

untuk catatan Bapak ya Bapak tadi

seolah-olah mengatakan seluruh ini hanya

untuk ngurusin pengusaha besar Bapak

tadi saya sampaikan anggaran bantuan

sosial untuk masyarakat karena mereka

enggak bisa kegiatan Bansos naik PKH

naik sembako naik kita memberikan waktu

itu waktu seluruh para ee pengemudi ojek

kehilangan pekerjaan tahun 2020 itu kita

langsung masuk ke situ Jadi mungkin

persepsi bahwa seolah-olah APBN

mengurusi yang besar malah yang besar

kita pajekin yang kemudian dipakai untuk

itu tadi Pak rektor

satu dan dengan kemajuan tadi kita lihat

pengangguran sudah mulai turun sekarang

sudah di bawah 6% 5,9 kembali ke 8,4

Saya tidak mengatakan tidak ada

pengangguran ada tapi kita tadi ini kan

suatu perekonomian itu progres harus

terus dibuat makanya tadi kita sampaikan

ini harus dijaga momentumnya kemiskinan

juga sempat melonjak Coba lihat di dalam

graf yang sebelah kanan kalau kita lihat

kemiskinan tadinya 9,2 melonjak lagi ke

10,2 sekarang sudah turun lagi ke

9,5 inilah Kenapa kemudian Presiden

Jokowi minta pada seluruh Kementerian

sekarang fokus dan pemerintah daerah

terutama untuk fokus ke kemiskinan

ekstrem stunting karena ini yang akan

menentukan pengangguran dan kemiskinan

Pak kita membuat yang disebut kalau saya

tadi memberikan contoh infrastruktur

seolah-olah jalan tol infrastruktur itu

term masuk sanitasi air bersih irigasi

dan upgrading rumah yang dilakukan oleh

menteri pupr mungkin yang kelihatan

karena selama ini adalah Bendungan sama

tol jadi seolah-olah itu tidak terekspos

itu satu untuk catatan yang kedua Pak

rektor tadi mengatakan

UMKM seolah-olah enggak ada kepedulian

sama UMKM ya besok lagi kalau bikin

kuliah umum Media Indonesia judulnya

UMKM maka saya akan cerita tentang UMKM

karena nah ini tadi bicara tentang tahun

politik saya enggak bicara tapi supaya

Pak rektor tidak salah ee dalam persepsi

mengenai tidak ada kepedulian

satu pemerintah memberikan kredit usaha

rakyat kredit usaha rakyat itu mereka

mendapatkan dari mulai yang mikro

ee kecil super mikro mikro kecil

menengah itu jumlah kreditnya yang

tadinya tahun 2019 sebelum covid10

triliun sekarang

379

triliun itu artinya jumlah volume modal

yang bisa diberikan kepada seluruh

debitur yang mencapai lebih dari 7,6

saya terima kasih Universitas

Muhammadiyah Tangerang tadi membina

45.000 pemerintah melalui kur ini lebih

dari 7,6

juta itu masih yang melalui perbankan

kita tahu banyak masyarakat yang enggak

bisa akses perbankan kan Pak makanya

kita ciptakan Apa yang disebut Ultra

mikro ada tadi super mikro Kalau di

perbankan tuh mulainya dari super mikro

itu terutama BRI bisa

melakukan kami membuat yang di bawahnya

super namanya ultra ultra mikro makanya

namanya Umi kalau untuk Muhammadiyah

enak Umi kan Ibu berarti ya ya dalam hal

ini pembiayaan Umi ini kita berikan dana

bergulir totalnya sekarang sudah

mencapai 10 TR dan jumlah penerimanya

lebih dari 7 juta juga Pak tadi kita ada

yang melalui eh apa duafa itu ada

melalui Koperasi koperasinya ada yang

punyanya Nu ada yang punyanya

Muhammadiyah ada kita menggunakan

seluruh karena mereka yang kita bicara

juga dengan seluruh yang disebut

lknb di bawah Koperasi itu dan bank

wakaf itu semuanya digunakan untuk untuk

menyalurkan tadi dana dari APBN untuk

yang paling super mikro tadi yang Ultra

mikro

tadi kemudian Kementerian Sosial Minggu

lalu saya diundang sama Bu mensos untuk

di Malang di Kementerian sosial yang

memang masyarakat yang sangat

membutuhkan diberikan cash itu PKH Pak

berdasarkan Berapa jumlah anaknya kalau

anaknya masih SD berarti dia mendapatkan

anak-anaknya masih mendapat Kartu

Indonesia Pintar jadi dia mendapatkan

beasiswa mereka semuanya masuk di dalam

BPJS Kesehatan enggak bayar kita yang

bayar r94 juta kita bayari untuk yuranya

sehingga kalau sampai ada yang sakit

mereka akan bisa masuk rumah sakit tanpa

dia harus mengeluarkan dana Kalau

ibu-ibunya hamil kita berikan tunjangan

tambahan di keluarga yang tadi yang

rentan dan yang kurang

mampu Menteri Sosial masih punya ide

lagi Bu kita perkuat lagi mereka punya

inkubasi kemarin disebut pahlawan

ekonomi

Nusantara Kemarin saya ketemu yang

tadinya penerima PKH sekarang dia bikin

ee jualan bakso kemarin kereta baksonya

diperbarui dan mereka bagus mereka Bu

saya sekarang sudah mengentaskan diri

saya tidak perlu lagi PKH karena saya

sudah punya sekarang bidang usaha

sendiri ada satu lagi yang bikin

anyam-anyam dia juga nambah ada yang

bikin kolam renang dari plastik dia yang

tadinya mendapatkan R3 juta R juta

sebagai modal yang tadi seperti Ultra

mikro jadi Pak rektor mohon mungkin

tidak punya persepsi seolah-olah APBN

karena saya ngomongnya tadi pakai

sedikit bahasa Inggris seolah-olah itu

hanya untuk perusahaan besar saya

ngomong makanya tadi sepi in pamrih

rameing gawe supaya tahu bahwa APBN juga

untuk rakyat kecil banyak sekali itu

tadi

ya kalau pertanyaan kedua sih enggak

relevan Jadi enggak usah dijawab jawab

yaitu Oke baik