Chimamanda Adichie El peligro de una sola historia (sub castellano y francés)

jaritac
8 Mar 201318:29

Summary

TLDREl orador comparte experiencias personales sobre el peligro de la 'single story', la narrativa unificada que puede distorsionar la percepción de un lugar o una persona. Desde su infancia en Nigeria, leía libros de personajes blancos y azul de ojos, lo que le hizo creer que los libros tenían que ser extranjeros. Descubre luego literatura africana, lo que le permite ver la diversidad en las historias. Expone cómo las historias pueden ser utilizadas para opresión o empoderamiento, y subraya la importancia de contar con múltiples historias para una comprensión auténtica y empática del mundo.

Takeaways

  • 📚 La narradora creció leyendo libros británicos y americanos, lo que influenció sus propias historias escritas, llenas de personajes ajenos a su cultura.
  • ❄ Aunque vivía en Nigeria, una región sin nieve, sus personajes ficticios jugaban en la nieve, reflejando la ausencia de diversidad en la literatura que consumía.
  • 🌟 El descubrimiento de literatura africana le permitió ver a personas como ella misma representadas en los libros, lo que alteró su percepción de la literatura.
  • 🏡 La historia de FID, el muchacho de la casa, le enseñó que la pobreza no define a las personas y que hay más historias que la única que se cuenta.
  • 🗽 Al mudarse a Estados Unidos, se dio cuenta de cómo las personas ven a los africanos a través de una 'sola historia', basada en la catástrofe y la pobreza.
  • 🌏 La 'sola historia' de África, perpetuada por la literatura y los medios, reduce a los africanos a estereotipos y negamos su complejidad y humanidad.
  • 💡 La narradora aboga por la importancia de contar múltiples historias para contrarrestar los estereotipos y recuperar la dignidad de las personas y lugares.
  • 🌱 La diversidad de historias es esencial para entender plenamente a una persona o un lugar, y es crucial para la empatía y la conexión humana.
  • 📖 La literatura y los medios de comunicación tienen un poder巨大的影响力 en cómo se ven y se理解 las culturas y las personas.
  • 🌈 La narradora promueve la creación y difusión de historias variadas para humanizar y empoderar a las personas, en lugar de marginarlas o estigmatizarlas.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué es la 'peligrosidad de la única historia' que menciona el narrador?

    -La 'peligrosidad de la única historia' se refiere a la limitación de la comprensión y percepción de un lugar o una persona basada en una sola narrativa o imagen, lo que lleva a estereotipos y falta de dignidad para aquellos a quienes se refiere.

  • ¿Por qué el narrador comenzó a escribir historias con personajes blancos y de ojos azules?

    -El narrador comenzó a escribir personajes blancos y de ojos azules porque los libros que leía, que eran de origen británico y estadounidense, representaban a personajes extranjeros, y él creció convencido de que los libros por naturaleza debían contener extranjeros y temas con los que no podía identificarse personalmente.

  • ¿Cómo cambió la percepción del narrador sobre la literatura después de descubrir libros africanos?

    -Después de descubrir escritores africanos como Chinua Achebe y Kamar L, el narrador experimentó un cambio mental en su percepción de la literatura, entendiendo que personas como él, con piel oscura y cabello rizado, también podían existir en la literatura.

  • ¿Qué lecciones aprendió el narrador de su experiencia con FID y su familia?

    -El narrador aprendió que su única historia sobre la familia de FID, basada en su pobreza, le impidió ver más allá de esa condición. Esto le enseñó sobre la importancia de no reducir a las personas a una sola historia o etiqueta.

  • ¿Cómo reaccionó la compañera de cuarto del narrador en los Estados Unidos ante su llegada?

    -La compañera de cuarto del narrador en los Estados Unidos estaba sorprendida y asumió que él no sabía usar un horno, que su música era tribal y que no podía hablar inglés bien, reflejando una única historia de África basada en la condescendencia y la pobreza.

  • ¿Qué impacto tuvo el descubrimiento de escritores africanos en el narrador?

    -El descubrimiento de escritores africanos salvó al narrador de tener una única historia sobre lo que los libros son, permitiéndole ver que personas como él también podían existir en la literatura y expandiendo su perspectiva sobre la diversidad dentro del continente africano.

  • ¿Qué es 'anali' y cómo está relacionado con la historia única según el narrador?

    -Anali es una palabra que se traduce como 'ser mayor que otro', y está relacionada con la historia única porque refleja la estructura de poder que define quién puede contar historias y cómo, lo que a menudo resulta en una narrativa dominante que reduce a las personas a una sola historia.

  • ¿Cómo describe el narrador la influencia de la literatura occidental en la percepción de África?

    -El narrador describe la influencia de la literatura occidental en la percepción de África como una tradición que presenta a subsaharánfrica como un lugar de negativos, diferencia y oscuridad, con historias que enfatizan la catástrofe y la pobreza, en lugar de la riqueza cultural y la diversidad de experiencias.

  • ¿Qué sugiere el narrador como solución para superar la historia única?

    -El narrador sugiere que para superar la historia única, es necesario contar múltiples historias que representen la diversidad y la complejidad de un lugar o una persona, lo que permite una mejor comprensión y empatía, y evita la reducción a estereotipos.

  • ¿Por qué es importante para el narrador que las historias cuenten más que solo la catástrofe y la adversidad?

    -Es importante para el narrador que las historias cuenten más que la catástrofe y la adversidad porque, aunque estas son parte de la realidad, también existen historias de resiliencia, creatividad y logros que son esenciales para una comprensión completa y humana de un lugar o una persona.

Outlines

00:00

📚 La Peligrosidad de la Historia Única

El narrador comparte su experiencia de crecer en una universidad en Nigeria y cómo la ausencia de literatura diversa en su juventud la llevó a escribir historias donde los personajes eran blancos y azul de ojos, a pesar de que ella misma era africana. Esto refleja la influencia de la literatura de fuera de su contexto cultural y cómo la descubrimiento de escritores africanos cambió su percepción de la literatura, permitiéndole ver a personas como ella misma en los libros.

05:00

🌏 La Construcción de la Identidad a través de las Historias

El narrador describe cómo su identidad como africana fue moldeada tanto por su experiencia en Nigeria como por la percepción de los estadounidenses hacia los africanos. Explica cómo la historia única de Africa, que generaliza la continente como un lugar de catástrofes y pobreza, es perpetuada por la literatura y los medios de comunicación occidentales. Además, reflexiona sobre cómo la historia única puede ser dañina y cómo la diversidad de historias es esencial para una comprensión justa y humana de cualquier lugar o persona.

10:02

🌐 El Poder de las Historias y la Resiliencia

Se discute cómo las historias tienen el poder de definir la imagen y la realidad de un pueblo, y cómo la historia única puede desposeer a las personas de su dignidad y humanidad. El narrador comparte su propia vida y las experiencias de su familia como ejemplos de la complejidad y riqueza de las historias africanas, que van más allá de los estereotipos y las tragedias. Aboga por la importancia de contar y escuchar múltiples historias para una comprensión más profunda y empática.

15:02

🌈 La Importancia de Contar y Escuchar Diversas Historias

El narrador concluye su discurso enfatizando la importancia de contar historias que representan la diversidad y complejidad de las experiencias humanas. Explica cómo su propia obra literaria y la iniciativa de su editor nigeriano demuestran que las historias pueden empoderar y humanizar a las personas. Finalmente, sugiere que al rechazar la historia única y reconocer la multiplicidad de historias, se puede alcanzar una 'paradisea' comprensión más rica y respetuosa de la humanidad.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Historia única

La 'historia única' se refiere a la idea de que se presenta una narrativa limitada o estereotipada sobre un grupo de personas, lugar o cultura, lo que lleva a una comprensión incompleta o distorsionada. En el video, la narradora describe cómo su percepción de los libros y las personas fue inicialmente moldeada por una 'historia única', basada en los estereotipos presentados en los libros de niños británicos y estadounidenses que leía de niña. Este concepto es central en el mensaje del video, que aboga por la importancia de contar múltiples historias para una comprensión más rica y justa de las personas y los lugares.

💡Literatura

La 'literatura' es el conjunto de obras escritas, como novelas, cuentos y poesía, que a menudo reflejan la experiencia humana y la sociedad. En el video, la narradora menciona su amor por la literatura desde una edad temprana y cómo su descubrimiento de la literatura africana la llevó a una 'mental shift', permitiéndole ver a personas como ella misma representadas en los libros. La literatura es un tema recurrente, ya que la narradora explora cómo las historias contadas en la literatura pueden influir en la percepción y la identidad de los lectores.

💡Identidad

La 'identidad' es la percepción que uno tiene de sí mismo y cómo es visto por otros, a menudo influenciado por factores como la nacionalidad, la raza y la cultura. En el video, la narradora discute cómo su identidad como africana fue moldeada por las historias que leían y escuchaba, y cómo su experiencia en Estados Unidos la llevó a 'embrace' (abrazar) una nueva identidad como africana. La identidad es un tema clave, ya que la narradora reflexiona sobre cómo las historias únicas pueden limitar o enriquecer nuestra comprensión de quiénes somos.

💡Estereotipos

Los 'estereotipos' son representaciones generalizadas y a menudo distorsionadas de un grupo de personas o lugar. En el video, la narradora critica los estereotipos que limitan la comprensión de la diversidad y la complejidad de las personas y los lugares. Ella comparte su propia experiencia de cómo los estereotipos sobre los africanos y los mexicanos influyeron en su percepción antes de conocer a estas culturas mejor, y cómo la exposición a historias más variadas desafió sus prejuicios.

💡Poder

El 'poder' en el contexto del video se refiere a la capacidad de determinar cuáles historias se cuentan y cómo se cuentan, lo que a menudo refleja y perpetúa las estructuras de poder existentes. La narradora menciona cómo el poder puede ser ejercido a través de la narrativa, permitiendo que ciertos grupos definan la historia de otros, a menudo de una manera que refuerza sus propias posiciones de poder. El poder es un tema subyacente en la discusión sobre por qué las 'historias únicas' persisten y cómo pueden ser desafiadas.

💡Compasión condescendiente

La 'compasión condescendiente' es una forma de compasión que subyace en una relación de superioridad, donde el que compadece se siente en una posición de poder o superioridad sobre el que recibe la compasión. En el video, la narradora describe cómo su compañera de cuarto estadounidense la trató con una especie de compasión condescendiente, asumiendo que, como africana, necesitaba ser salvada o comprendida desde una perspectiva de superioridad. Este concepto resalta cómo las 'historias únicas' pueden llevar a una comprensión desigual y paternalista de los demás.

💡Resiliencia

La 'resiliencia' es la capacidad de recuperarse o adaptarse a situaciones difíciles o adversas. En el video, la narradora menciona la resiliencia de los nigerianos frente a los desafíos de la infraestructura y el gobierno fallidos, destacando cómo la gente encuentra formas de prosperar a pesar de, y no gracias a, las estructuras gubernamentales. La resiliencia es un tema que subraya la fuerza y la agencia de las personas, a pesar de las narrativas negativas que pueden prevalecer.

💡Narrativa

La 'narrativa' hace referencia a la forma en que se cuenta una historia, incluyendo quién la cuenta, cuándo y cómo se presenta. En el video, la narradora explora cómo las narrativas pueden ser usadas para moldear la percepción y la realidad, tanto al perpetuar las 'historias únicas' como al ofrecer una 'balanza de historias' que refleja la diversidad y la complejidad de las experiencias humanas. La narrativa es crucial para entender cómo se construyen y desafían los estereotipos y las identidades.

💡Humanización

La 'humanización' es el proceso de presentar a las personas de una manera que resalta su condición humana y sus experiencias comunes, en lugar de enfocarse únicamente en sus diferencias o circunstancias. En el video, la narradora argumenta que contar historias variadas y completas es esencial para la humanización, ya que permite ver a las personas más allá de las etiquetas y los estereotipos, reconociendo su dignidad y complejidad. La humanización es un objetivo que se busca al desafiar las 'historias únicas' y promover una narrativa más inclusiva.

💡Dignidad

La 'dignidad' se refiere al respeto y la consideración que se deben a una persona por ser humana. En el video, la narradora discute cómo las 'historias únicas' pueden robar la dignidad a las personas, al presentar una imagen incompleta o distorsionada que minimiza su experiencia y su humanidad. Al contar historias más variadas y completas, se puede restaurar la dignidad y promover una comprensión más profunda y empática de las personas y sus experiencias.

Highlights

La narradora comparte su experiencia de crecer con cuentos de niños británicos y estadounidenses, lo que la llevó a escribir historias con personajes ajenos a su cultura.

Descubre la literatura africana y cómo esto cambió su percepción de la literatura, permitiéndole ver a personas como ella misma en los libros.

Explica cómo la pobreza fue la única historia que conocía sobre la familia de su ayuda de casa, lo que la llevó a verlos únicamente a través de esa historia.

Cuenta su sorpresa al descubrir la habilidad artesanal de la familia pobre, lo que la hizo cuestionar su 'historia única' sobre ellos.

Describe su experiencia como estudiante nigeriana en Estados Unidos y cómo su roommate estadounidense tenía una 'historia única' sobre África.

Muestra cómo la 'historia única' de África, basada en la catástrofe, puede ser una percepción distorsionada y falta de diversidad.

Comparte una cita del escritor John Lock, ilustrando cómo la literatura occidental ha contribuido a la 'historia única' de África.

Argumenta que la 'historia única' puede ser tan dañina como los estereotipos, ya que ambas son incompletas y limitan la visión de la diversidad humana.

Explora la idea de que el poder es la capacidad de definir la 'historia única' de un pueblo, y cómo esto puede ser usado para opresión o empoderamiento.

Cuenta una experiencia en México donde su 'historia única' sobre los inmigrantes mexicanos la hizo verlos de una manera distorsionada.

Destaca la importancia de contar historias complejas y diversas para contrarrestar la 'historia única' y promover una comprensión más rica y empática.

Comparte ejemplos de la resiliencia y la creatividad de los nigerianos, desafiando la 'historia única' de fracaso e infraestructura fallida.

Explica cómo la literatura y las historias pueden ser herramientas para empoderar y humanizar, más allá de ser solo una fuente de opresión.

Propone la idea de que al rechazar la 'historia única' y reconocer la diversidad de las historias, se puede 'regresar al paraíso' en términos de entendimiento y conexión humana.

Gracias a la narradora por su discurso, que resalta la importancia de las historias complejas y la necesidad de romper con la 'historia única'.

Transcripts

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[Applause]

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I'm a Storyteller and I would like to

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tell you a few personal stories about

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what I like to call the danger of the

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single

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story I grew up on a University campus

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in eastern Nigeria my mother says that I

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started reading at the age of two

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although I think four is probably close

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to the

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truth so I was an early reader and what

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I read were British and American

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children's books I was also an early

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writer and when I began to write at

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about the age of seven stories in pencil

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with crayon illustrations that my poor

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mother was obligated to read I wrote

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exactly the kinds of stories I was

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reading all my characters were white and

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blue-eyed they played in the

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snow they ate

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apples and they talked a lot about the

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weather how lovely it was that the sun

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had come out

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now this despite the fact that I lived

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in Nigeria had never been outside

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Nigeria we didn't have snow we ate

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mangoes and we never talked about the

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weather because there was no need to my

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characters also drank a lot of ginger

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beer because the characters in the

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British books I read drank ginger beer

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never mind that I had no idea what

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ginger beer

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was and for many years afterwards I

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would have a desperate desire to taste

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ginger beer

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but that is another story what this

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demonstrates I think is how

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impressionable and vulnerable we are in

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the face of a story particularly as

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children because all I had read were

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books in which characters were foreign I

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had become convinced that books by their

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very nature had to have foreigners in

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them and had to be about things with

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which I could not personally

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identify now things changed when I

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discovered African books there weren't

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many of them available and they weren't

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quite as easy to find as the foreign

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books but because of writers like Chino

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a and Kamar L I went through a mental

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shift in my perception of literature I

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realized that people like me girls with

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skin the color of chocolate whose kinky

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hair could not form ponytails could also

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exist in literature I started to write

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about things I

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recognized now I loved those American

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and British books I read they stirred my

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imagination the opened up new walls for

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me but the unintended consequence was

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that I did not know that people like me

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could exist in

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literature so what the discovery of

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African writers did for me was this it

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saved me from having a single story of

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what books

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are I come from a conventional

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middleclass Nigerian family my father

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was a professor my mother was an

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administrator and so we had as was the

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norm living domestic help who would

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often come from nearby rural Villages so

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the year I turned eight we got a new

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house boy his name was

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FID the only thing my mother told us

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about him was that his family was very

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poor my mother sent yams and rice and

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our old clothes to his family and when I

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didn't finish my dinner my mother would

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say finish your food don't you know

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people like F's family have nothing so I

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felt enormous pity for

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family then one Saturday we went to his

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village to visit and his mother showed

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us a beautifully patterned basket made

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of died Rafia that his brother had made

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I was

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startled it had not occurred to me that

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anybody in his family could actually

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make something all I had heard about

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them was how poor they were so that it

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had become impossible for me to see them

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as anything else but poor their poverty

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was my single story of them

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years later I thought about this when I

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left Nigeria to go to university in the

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United States I was

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19 my American roommate was shocked by

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me she asked where I had learned to

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speak English so well and was confused

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when I said that Nigeria happened to

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have English as its official

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language she asked if she could listen

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to what she called my tribal music and

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was consequently very disappointed when

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I produced my tape of Mariah car

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sry she assumed that I did not know how

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to use a

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stove what struck me was this she had

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felt sorry for me even before she saw me

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her default position toward me as an

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African was a kind of patronizing

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well-meaning

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pity my roommate had a single story of

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Africa a single story of

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catastrophe in this single story there

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was no possibility of Africans being

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similar to her in any way no possibility

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of feelings more complex than pity no

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possibility of a connection as human

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equals I must say that before I went to

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the US I didn't consciously identify as

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African but in the US whenever Africa

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came up people turned to me never mind

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that I knew nothing about places like

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namia but I did come to embrace this new

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identity and in many ways I think of

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myself now as African although I still

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get quite irritable when Africa is

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referred to as a country the most recent

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example being my otherwise wonderful

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flight from Lagos two days ago in which

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um there was an announcement on the

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Virgin Flight about the Charity Walk in

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India Africa and other

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countries so after I had spent some

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years in the US as an African I began to

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understand my roommate's response to me

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if I had not grown up in Nigeria and if

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all I knew about Africa were from

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popular images I too would think that

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Africa was a place of beautiful

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landscapes beautiful animals and

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incomprehensible people fighting

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senseless Wars dying of poverty and AIDS

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unable to speak for themselves and

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waiting to be saved by a kind white

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Foreigner I would see Africans in the

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same way that I as a child had seen

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fed's

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family this single story of Africa

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ultimately comes I think from Western

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literature now here's a quote from the

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writer of a London Merchant called John

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Lock who sailed to West Africa in

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1561 and kept a fascinating account of

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his

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voyage after referring to the black

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Africans as beasts who have no houses he

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writes they are also people without

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heads having their mouths and eyes in

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their

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breasts now I've laughed every time I've

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read this and one must admire the

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imagination of John lock but what is

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important about his writing is that it

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represents the beginning of a tradition

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of telling African stories in the west a

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tradition of subsaharan Africa as a

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place of negatives of difference of

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Darkness of people who in the words of

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the wonderful poet rad Kipling a half

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devil half

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child and so I began to realize that my

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American roommate must have throughout

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her life seen and heard different

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versions of this single story as had a

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professor who once told me that my novel

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was not authentically

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African now I was quite willing to

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contend that there were a number of

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things wrong with the novel that it had

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failed in a number of places but I had

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not quite imagined that it had failed at

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achieving something called African

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authenticity in fact I did not know what

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African authenticity

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was the professor told me that my

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characters were too much like him an

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educated and middle class man my

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characters drove cars they were not

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starving therefore they were not

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authentically

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African but I must quickly add that I

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too am just as guilty in the question of

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the single story a few years ago I

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visited Mexico from the

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US the political climate in the us at

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the time was tense and there were

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debates going on about

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immigration and as often happens in

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America immigration became synonymous

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with Mexican

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there were endless stories of Mexicans

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as people who were fleecing the Health

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Care System sneaking across the border

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being arrested at the border that sort

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of

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thing I remember walking around on my

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first day in

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guadalahara watching the people going to

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walk rolling up to tears in the

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marketplace smoking

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laughing I remember first feeling slight

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surprise and then I was overwhelmed with

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shame I realized that I had been so

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immersed in the media coverage of

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Mexicans that they had become one thing

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in my mind the abject

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immigrant I had bought into the single

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story of Mexicans and I could not have

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been more ashamed of myself so that is

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how to create a single story show a

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people as one thing as only one thing

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over and over again and that is what

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they

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become it is impossible to talk about

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the single story without talking about

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power there is a word an EO word that I

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think about whenever I think about the

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power structures of the world and it is

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inali it's a noun that Loosely

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translates to to be greater than another

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like our economic and political worlds

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stories too are defined by the principle

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of anali how they are told who tells

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them when they are told how many stories

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are told are really dependent on power

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power is the ability not just to tell

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the story of another person but to make

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it the definitive story of that person

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the Palestinian poet mid bouti writes

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that if you want to dispossess a people

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the simplest way to do it is to tell

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their story and to start with

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secondly start the story with the arrows

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of the Native Americans and not with the

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arrival of the British and you have an

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entirely different story start the story

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with with the failure of the African

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State and not with the colonial creation

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of the African State and you have an

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entirely different

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story I recently spoke at a university

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where a student told me that it was such

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a shame that Nigerian men were were

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physical abusers like the father

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character in my

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novel I told him that I had just read a

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novel called American

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Psycho

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and and that it was such a shame that

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Young Americans were serial

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murderers now

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now now now obviously I said this in a

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fit of mild irritation

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but it would never have occurred to me

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to think that just because I had read a

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novel in which a character was a serial

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killer that he was somehow

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representative of all Americans and now

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this is not because I'm a better person

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than that student but because of

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America's cultural and economic power I

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had many stories of America I had read

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thaan opdik and steinber and Gat skill I

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did not have a single story of

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America when I learned some years ago

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that writers were expected to have had

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really unhappy childhoods to be

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successful I began to think about how I

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could invent horrible things my parents

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had done to

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me but the truth truth is that I had a

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very happy childhood full of laughter

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and love in a very close-nit family but

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I also had grandfathers who died in

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refugee camps my cousin Polly died

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because he could not get adequate Health

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Care one of my closest friends okoma

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died in a plane crash because our fired

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trucks did not have

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water I grew up under repressive

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military governments that devalued

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education so that sometimes my parents

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would not pay their salaries and so as a

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child I saw Jam dis appear from The

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Breakfast Table then maerin

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disappeared then bread became too

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expensive then milk became

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rationed and most of all a kind of

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normalized political fear invaded Our

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Lives all of these stories make me who I

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am but to insist on only these negative

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stories is to flatten my

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experience and to overlook the many

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other stories that formed me the single

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story creates stereotypes and the

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problem with stereotypes is not that

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they are untrue but that they are

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incomplete they make one story become

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the only

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story of course Africa is a continent

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full of catastrophes the immense ones

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such as the horrific rapes in Congo and

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depressing ones such as the fact that

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5,000 people apply for one job vacancy

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in

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Nigeria but there are other stories that

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are not about catastrophe

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and it is very important it is just as

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important to talk about them I've always

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felt that it is impossible to engage

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properly with a place or a person

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without engaging with all of the stories

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of that place and that person the

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consequence of the single story is this

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it robs people of dignity it makes our

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recognition of our equal Humanity

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difficult it emphasizes how we are

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different rather than how we are similar

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so what if before my Mexican trip

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I had followed the immigration debate

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from both sides the US and the Mexican

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what if my mother had told us that fed's

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family was poor and had

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working what if we had an African

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television network that broadcast

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diverse African stories all over the

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world what the Nigerian writer Chino

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Achebe calls a balance of stories what

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if my roommate knew about my Nigerian

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publisher MTAR bakari a remarkable man

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who left his job in a bank to follow his

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dream and start a publishing house now

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the conventional wisdom was that

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Nigerians don't read literature he

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disagreed he felt that people who could

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read would read if you made literature

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affordable and available to them shortly

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after he published my first novel I went

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to a TV station in Lagos to do an

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interview and a woman who walked there

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as a messenger came up to me and said I

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really liked your novel I didn't like

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the ending now you must write a sequel

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and this is what will happen

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and she went on to tell me what to write

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in the sequel now I was not only Charmed

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I was very moved here was a woman part

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of the ordinary masses of Nigerians who

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were not supposed to be

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readers she had not only read the book

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but she had taken ownership of it and

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felt justified in telling me what to

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write in the

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SE now what if my roommate knew about my

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friend fumi y a Fearless woman who hosts

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a TV show in Lagos and is deter to tell

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the stories that we prefer to forget

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what if my roommate knew about the heart

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procedure that was performed in the

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Lagos hospital last week what if my

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roommate knew about contemporary

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Nigerian music talented people singing

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in English and pigeon and IO and Yuba

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and E mixing influences from JayZ to

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fella to Bob Marley to their

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grandfathers what if my roommate knew

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about the female lawyer who recently

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went to court in Nigeria to challenge a

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ridiculous law that required women to

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get their husband's consent before

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renewing their passports what if my

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roommate knew about Nollywood full of

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innovative people making films despite

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great technical odds films so popular

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that they really are the best example of

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Nigerians consuming what they produce

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what if my roommate knew about my

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wonderfully ambitious hair braider who

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has just started her own business

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selling hair

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extensions or about the millions of

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other Nigerians Who start businesses

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and sometimes fail but continue to nurse

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ambition every time I am home I'm

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confronted with the usual sources of

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irritation for most Nigerians our failed

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infrastructure our failed government but

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also by the incredible resilience of

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people who Thrive despite the government

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rather than because of

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it I teach writing workshops in Lagos

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every summer and it is amazing to me how

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many people apply how many people are

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eager to write to tell

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stories my Nigerian publisher and I have

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just started a nonprofit called farafina

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trust and we have big dreams of building

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libraries and refurbishing libraries

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that already exist and providing books

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for State schools that don't have

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anything in their libraries and also of

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organizing lots and lots of workshops

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and reading and writing for all the

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people who are eager to tell our many

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stories stories matter many stories

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matter stories have been used to

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dispossess and to malign but stories can

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also be used to empower and to humanize

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stories can break the Dignity of a

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people but stories can also repair that

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broken

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dignity the American writer Alice Walker

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wrote this about um her Southern

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relatives who had moved to the north and

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she introduced them to a book about the

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southern life that they had left

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behind they sat around reading the book

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themselves listening to me read the book

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and the kind of paradise was

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regained I would like to end with this

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thought that when we reject the single

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story when we realize that there is

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never a single story about any

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place we regain a kind of paradise thank

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you

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[Applause]

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