Blockchain Expert Explains One Concept in 5 Levels of Difficulty | WIRED

WIRED
28 Nov 201717:50

Summary

TLDR本视频由技术研究者Bettina Warburg主讲,她深入浅出地解释了区块链技术的概念及其复杂性。区块链是一种新型网络,有助于我们去中心化交易,减少对中介机构如公司或银行的依赖。通过分布式计算机网络和加密技术,区块链确保交易的安全和透明。尽管区块链在金融行业尤其受到关注,但其应用潜力远不止于此。视频还讨论了区块链技术的现状、潜在挑战以及它如何与人工智能和物联网等其他技术相结合,塑造未来的交易方式。

Takeaways

  • 🌐 区块链技术是一种新型网络,有助于我们去中心化交易,使交易更加点对点,减少对中介机构如公司或银行的依赖。
  • 🔄 区块链允许在全球范围内进行直接交易,无需通过商店或认识交易对象。
  • 💻 区块链基于计算机网络,所有节点保存相同的交易历史记录,通过共识机制和密码学确保交易的安全性和不可篡改性。
  • 📈 区块链技术可以消除中间商,如银行和公司,通过技术建立信任,从而直接进行交易。
  • 🚀 区块链技术的应用案例不仅限于加密货币,还可扩展到资产交易、身份验证等多个领域。
  • 🔒 使用区块链技术,可以创建加密签名的身份结构,如政府签发的护照或大学签发的学生证明。
  • 📚 区块链目前处于研究阶段,正在开发中,预计将广泛应用于多个领域,包括能源、制药和零售等。
  • 🌐 区块链定义为一个持久、透明、公开的只追加账本,通过分布式共识机制确保数据的一致性和安全性。
  • 🔄 区块链技术的发展需要时间,可能需要5到10年才能成熟并广泛应用。
  • 💡 区块链技术带来的变革不应被过度炒作,其真正的价值在于使跨境交易更安全、便利。
  • 🚧 区块链技术面临的挑战包括安全性问题、教育普及、以及如何与现有系统和法规相融合。

Q & A

  • 区块链技术的核心概念是什么?

    -区块链技术的核心概念是创建一个去中心化的交易网络,允许点对点的交易,减少对中介机构如公司或银行的依赖。

  • 区块链如何改变传统的交易方式?

    -区块链允许人们在没有商店或不必认识对方的情况下进行交易,通过技术建立信任,从而绕过传统的中间人如eBay或品牌。

  • 区块链的工作原理是什么?

    -区块链是一个由多台计算机组成的网络,这些计算机都保存着相同的交易历史记录。不同于单一公司数据库,区块链上的信息是由网络中的所有参与者共同验证和更新的。

  • 区块链如何确保交易的安全性?

    -区块链使用密码学来编码所有交易,确保交易信息的安全性。虽然具体内容无法查看,但可以确认交易确实发生了,因为它们会被标记下来。

  • 区块链技术如何影响现有的中间人机构?

    -区块链技术有潜力减少或消除对许多中间机构的需求,如银行和公司,因为它提供了一种技术信任,可以保证交易的安全和有效性。

  • 区块链在身份验证方面的应用是什么?

    -区块链可以用来创建身份结构,通过加密签名验证个人属性,如政府签署的护照或大学的在籍证明,允许个人控制并按需展示这些认证信息。

  • 区块链技术目前的发展状态如何?

    -区块链目前处于研究阶段,正在开发中,预计将应用于多个领域。目前已有公共区块链如比特币和以太坊网络,同时许多公司和联盟正在构建私有区块链,并进行实际项目试验。

  • 区块链技术面临的挑战和障碍有哪些?

    -区块链技术面临的挑战包括信任问题、安全性问题以及教育和标准的缺乏。需要时间来教育公众,建立标准,并与企业合作,确保技术的安全可靠。

  • 区块链技术在现实世界中的应用前景如何?

    -区块链技术在现实世界中的应用前景非常广泛,可能包括电力分配、供应链管理等领域。它有助于建立更加去中心化和自动化的系统,提高效率和透明度。

  • 如何看待当前围绕区块链的炒作现象?

    -虽然区块链技术具有巨大潜力,但目前存在过度炒作的现象,特别是与初始币币发行(ICO)相关的投资热潮。需要从炒作转向实际应用,认识到区块链在简化跨境交易等方面的实际价值。

  • 区块链技术与其他技术如人工智能和物联网如何协同作用?

    -区块链技术与人工智能和物联网等技术相结合,可以帮助我们提升过去的机构,并创建可识别和可验证的信任。例如,通过区块链的“染色币”概念,可以为特定硬币分配属性,实现复杂的交易和供应链管理。

Outlines

00:00

🌐 区块链技术简介

本段介绍了区块链技术的基本概念,将其定义为一种新型网络,有助于我们去中心化交易,减少对中介机构如公司或银行的依赖。通过区块链,人们可以实现点对点的直接交易,无需通过第三方平台。此外,还讨论了区块链如何通过计算机网络的网络来保证交易的安全,使用加密技术来编码交易信息,确保交易的不可篡改性。

05:02

💡 区块链的金融应用与挑战

这一部分探讨了区块链在金融行业特别是银行业的应用,以及如何使用区块链技术来交易比特币等加密货币。同时,提出了区块链技术在身份验证、确保交易双方合法性方面的潜在用途。此外,还讨论了区块链技术面临的挑战,包括信任问题、安全性问题以及教育和标准的缺乏。

10:04

🔧 区块链的技术定义与实际应用

这一段提供了区块链技术的定义,将其描述为一种持久、透明、公开的只追加账本,并通过一种机制在不需要相互信任的分布式参与者之间创建共识。讨论了区块链如何通过挑战机制来确保网络的安全性和防篡改性。同时,探索了区块链在现实世界中的潜在应用,如智能电网技术和电动汽车的分布式充电网络。

15:05

🚧 区块链的炒作与未来展望

本段讨论了区块链技术当前的炒作现象,特别是在初始币币发行(ICO)方面。指出了区块链技术的巨大潜力,但同时也提醒人们要警惕过度炒作和不切实际的期望。强调了区块链技术的发展需要时间和教育,以及它在未来可能成为日常基础设施的一部分,虽然这可能不会立即发生。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡区块链技术

区块链技术是一种新型网络技术,它通过去中心化的方式帮助我们进行交易。在视频中,它被描述为能够降低我们对中介机构(如公司或银行)的依赖,使得交易更加点对点直接进行。

💡去中心化

去中心化是指将权力或功能分散到网络上的多个节点,而不是集中在单一的中心点。在区块链的背景下,这意味着交易记录不是存储在单一的数据库中,而是由网络中的所有参与者共同维护。

💡交易

交易是指买卖双方之间价值的交换。在区块链的上下文中,交易不仅包括货币的转移,还包括任何形式的资产或服务的交换。

💡加密

加密是一种保护信息安全的技术,通过特定的算法将信息转换成只有拥有密钥的人才能解读的代码。在区块链中,加密用于确保交易记录的安全性和隐私性。

💡共识机制

共识机制是指在一个分布式网络中,不同的节点如何达成一致意见的过程。在区块链中,共识机制确保所有参与者都同意交易记录的真实性,从而维护整个网络的完整性。

💡智能合约

智能合约是区块链上的自动执行合同,它在预设条件被满足时自动执行合同条款。这种合约减少了人为干预,提高了效率和透明度。

💡数字货币

数字货币是一种电子货币,它使用加密技术来保证安全性,并通常在区块链上进行交易。比特币是数字货币最著名的例子。

💡信任问题

信任问题指的是在使用新技术或平台时,用户对其安全性和可靠性的担忧。在区块链领域,信任问题涉及到用户对系统能否保护其资产和信息安全的信心。

💡中间人

中间人是指在交易双方之间充当中介的个人或机构,如银行、支付平台等。区块链技术的目标之一就是减少或消除这些中间人的角色,使得交易更加直接和高效。

💡供应链

供应链是指从原材料采购到最终产品交付消费者手中的整个过程。区块链技术可以提高供应链的透明度和追踪性,从而提高效率和减少欺诈行为。

💡炒作周期

炒作周期是指新技术或概念从出现到被过度炒作,再到最终找到其实际应用价值的过程。在区块链领域,炒作周期体现在人们对其潜力的过度期望和随后可能的失望。

Highlights

区块链技术是一种新型网络,有助于我们去中心化交易。

区块链允许我们进行更多点对点的直接交易,减少对中介机构如公司或银行的依赖。

区块链技术可以让人们与世界各地的任何人进行交易,无需通过商店或认识对方。

区块链是一个由多台计算机组成的网络,这些计算机都保存着相同的交易历史记录。

区块链使用密码学来确保交易的安全,编码交易内容使其不可被轻易查看。

区块链技术可以消除中间商,如银行和公司,因为它提供了技术信任。

区块链技术允许在没有中央权威机构的情况下,进行安全、可验证的交易。

区块链技术可以用于创建身份结构,通过加密签名来验证个人属性。

区块链技术不仅仅是关于加密货币,它还有更多用例,如资产交易。

区块链技术的发展将需要更多的教育、标准制定,并与企业合作以确保其安全性和易用性。

区块链技术目前处于研究阶段,正在被开发应用于多个领域,未来可能无处不在。

区块链定义为一个持久、透明、公开的只追加账本,通过分布式共识机制来维护。

区块链技术可能定义新的学科领域,如分布式智能电网技术。

区块链技术的实际应用,如供应链管理,需要考虑其对现有规则和经济的影响。

区块链技术的发展需要时间,可能需要5到10年来成熟并广泛应用。

区块链技术与其他技术如人工智能和物联网的结合,将提升现有机构的功能。

区块链技术的应用,如智能合约,需要灵活性以适应现实生活场景。

区块链技术的发展应避免过度炒作,而应关注其在安全交易和去中心化方面的实际应用。

区块链技术的核心是作为人类和机器人交易的工具,使交易更去中心化。

Transcripts

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my name is bettina warburg i'm a

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researcher of transformative

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technologies and co-founder of animal

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ventures today i've been challenged to

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explain one concept at five levels of

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increasing complexity

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my topic is blockchain technology

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blockchain is a new network and it's

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going to help us decentralize trade

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allowing us to do a lot of our

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transactions much more peer-to-peer

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directly and lower our use of

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intermediaries like companies or banks

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may be i think today everyone can leave

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understanding something about blockchain

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at some level

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do you know what we're going to talk

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about today

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it's called blockchain what's blockchain

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that's a really good question it's

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actually a way that we can trade

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do you know what trade is

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it's like it's when you take turns every

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time that's when you give a most of what

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you want right when you give up most of

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what you want well sometimes that

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definitely happens for sure what if i

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told you that there's a kind of

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technology that i work on that means you

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could trade with any kid all over the

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world really yeah if i could trade with

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any kid i would trade

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well i would chase something i don't

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like so much that's probably a good idea

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maybe somebody else likes it more than

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you do so normally when people trade

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they have to go to the store or they

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have to know the person so that they can

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get what they asked for with blockchain

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you can make that exact same trade but

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you don't need the store and you don't

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even necessarily need to know the other

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person

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really really

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so ian do you know what blockchain is no

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have you ever traded or sold anything

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actually i'm selling my computer on ebay

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right now that's amazing what made you

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decide to trade on ebay um well i mean

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i've heard of it and i trust it a lot

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because there's they have like all their

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guarantees so i i know that i'm gonna

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get money and the person's gonna get

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what they want so what if i told you

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that blockchain technology is basically

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a tool where you can do the exact same

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thing but it goes to you and i directly

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you wouldn't need an ebay or a brand in

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between that's cool and there's a lot of

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those kinds of middlemen

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in our society today right we have a lot

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of banks we have a lot of

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companies that sort of

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help us make sure that our trades happen

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but if we could guarantee the same trade

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using technology

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as sort of like a technological trust

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then we wouldn't really need all those

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middlemen in between so how does it work

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it's basically a network of computers

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that all have the same history

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of transactions and so instead of sort

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of there being one company with one

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database that holds all the information

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the same sort of list

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is held by all these different people

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like you could have it on your computer

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and then it gets validated by everyone

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and basically that turns into the next

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part of the list so it's sort of

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constantly updating itself so like how

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do you make sure that it's secure so it

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uses cryptography and that helps it

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basically encode all of the transactions

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so you can't really see exactly what

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happened but you know it happened

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because it's like a marker so you could

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kind of like i don't know say trade you

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trade apples but you would just see like

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random letters yeah for it so you

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wouldn't be able to like track it i

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guess exactly that's cool so it's kind

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of this like really big ledger or

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accounting system for all sorts of

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things that get traded but instead of

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being owned by one company

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it's owned by everybody that's cool yeah

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we're going to talk about blockchain

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technology have you heard of blockchain

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i've heard of the words blockchain but

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i'm not sure i know what it is so when

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we were much smaller societies you and i

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could trade in our community pretty

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easily but as the distance in our trade

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grew we ended up inventing institutions

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right if you use uber or you use

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airbnb or you use amazon even these are

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just digital marketplaces and platforms

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that help us facilitate an exchange of

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value

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but today we actually have a technology

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that allows us to trade one-to-one but

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at scale and it's called blockchain

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technology there is some kind of

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interface for it you could have an app

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or you could use your computer to do it

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but instead of there being a company in

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the middle or what's helping you make

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that transaction is a bunch of software

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code and so it's being run by all of

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these different computers

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that have like a node so they're all

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running the same software and

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guaranteeing your transactions

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um as they happen i mean i would assume

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this technology is taking away business

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or activity from these middlemen in some

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cases yeah it is and a lot of people in

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the financial industry in particular are

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looking at it from the banking side of

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how do we use

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this technology to trade things like

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bitcoin or other tokens that um

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are easier to use instead of today's

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currency you know a lot of people think

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about blockchain as bitcoin

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because it's sort of in the news a lot

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and it's this new cryptocurrency and

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it's kind of exciting but we're actually

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seeing a lot more use cases for

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blockchain that aren't around the

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currency side they're more around how do

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you take any asset

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and be able to trade that using the same

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technology is there a mechanism for

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verifying

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that person a is a legitimate

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seller or producer of the item

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so today a lot of people are working on

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how to create identity structures that

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leverage blockchain and one of the tools

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for doing that is being able to

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cryptographically sign

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for

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a given attribute so your

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government could sign that you have a

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u.s passport or a university could sign

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that you are a currently enrolled

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student and you could then dole out that

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information

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and control it yourself and be able to

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show people those certifications on an

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as needed basis

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so today we're going to talk about

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blockchain technology okay have you ever

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heard of blockchain i have whenever we

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have a transaction and let's say i buy

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something from you this information gets

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logged and it gets verified by a third

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person or third party and then

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if like all this information verified

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and it all matches right the transaction

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goes through without any intermediary

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basically right and it gets stored

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and when we make further transactions

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this information is already embedded

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it's in the in the ledger yeah that's

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exactly right and you can append it you

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can sort of add new information that's

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more current but you can't actually go

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erase anything absolutely right the way

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the technology is changing nothing's

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gonna be like it used to be and there's

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no like firm and then the buyer and the

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seller and it's basically we'll have to

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rewrite a lot of rules and economics as

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well for sure a lot of the assumptions

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won't hold true same with who are the

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who are the actors it's not just people

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anymore it's machines absolutely we're

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going to have to create entire new

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concepts of how they do trade and how

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they work with us too what kind of

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barriers or roadblocks would you

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imagine

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are going to happen in the blockchain

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space so at least when we we talk about

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bitcoin there are some trust issues

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there have been some hacks and uh

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so there is obviously a need to to work

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on on trust and feeling that it's uh

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it's the safe technology yeah one of the

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problems that bitcoin has faced is

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bitcoins getting stolen or lost but a

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lot of that actually comes from

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people trying to recentralize bitcoin in

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different ways making themselves

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actually a pretty easy target absolutely

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so education will be a big part before

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we actually can use the technology very

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in in the wide sense right yeah to

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actually transition into the mainstream

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and and make it useful for average

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people to use we're going to need to

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make sure we have

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a lot more education a lot more

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standards and probably work with a lot

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of enterprises to create sort of the

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user experience around this being a

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technology that is safe and usable and

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understandable what is the current state

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of blockchain in your understanding

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what's going to have to happen next the

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current state is in this the research

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state and it's being

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developed to to be applied in many many

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areas it might be used almost everywhere

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to where like we won't even imagine how

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we lived without it but i'm not sure

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where it's going to go i mean no one

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really knows right well we have a lot of

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uh public blockchains

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like we have bitcoin we have the

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ethereum network

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nxt but a lot of companies and

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consortiums are getting together to

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build

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private blockchains so ones that are

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more closed off at first and then may

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evolve into a public network when people

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feel comfortable using it and some are

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also proof of concepts out in the real

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world projects in energy and in

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pharmaceuticals and in

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retail and lots of different fields are

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starting experiments and we'll see in

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the next few years how all of those

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interact and what we learn about the

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best use cases for blockchain and what

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it means for trade

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so tell me your version of a technical

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definition of blockchain

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a technical definition of blockchain is

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that it is

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a persistent transparent public

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append-only ledger

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so it is a system that you can add data

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to and not change previous data within

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it

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it does this through a mechanism for

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creating consensus

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between scattered or distributed parties

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that do not need to trust each other but

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just need to trust the mechanism by

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which their consensus has arrived at

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in the case of blockchain

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it relies on some form of challenge

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such that

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no one actor on the network is able to

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solve this challenge consistently more

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than everyone else on the network so it

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randomizes yes yeah it randomizes the

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process and in theory ensures that no

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one can force the blockchain to accept a

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particular entry onto the ledger that

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others disagree with one that

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relies on a mechanism for a peer-to-peer

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network that can maintain

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updates to the ledger and then verify

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those updates in such a way that it is

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impossible to defraud and impossible to

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alter after the fact and do you see it

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as defining a new discipline of kinds or

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where where are we going to see

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blockchain emerge in the real world

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first i mean just so like as an example

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one thing that i think about a lot in

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terms of possible blockchain

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applications is electricity right the

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next generation of distributed smart

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grid technology effectively sure and

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people are working on that already yeah

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yeah exactly and it's this very fruitful

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area of research and you can find

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yourself looking like 20 years out right

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where you have an enormous number like

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of electric cars you have all of these

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batteries like that's essentially

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um a distributed

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peak load power grid right like the cars

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are getting plugged in and unplugged at

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different times if you have a mechanism

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that is able to

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automatically and autonomously

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be distributing power based on batteries

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that are scattered throughout the grid

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that are being used for other purposes

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their owners don't even necessarily need

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to be aware you begin to have something

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that looks like a much more viable

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society that still has a lot of

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electricity needs but is able to base

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that much more on renewables is able to

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make up the difference during peak load

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periods or during differences in weather

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that is able to have power much closer

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to where it's needed rather than having

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to be distributed over great distances

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like

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that's something that would be an

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enormously hard problem to solve and

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it's not that the blockchain makes it

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easy but it makes it possible a lot of

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people are seeing blockchain in the news

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and maybe seeing a lot of sort of

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initial coin offerings this sort of

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monetization opportunity around

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blockchain and are getting very excited

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about it and some of that excitement is

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is real and should be you know

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encouraged but some of it is also hype

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how do you feel about the hype cycle

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around blockchain today i'm glad you

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mentioned initial coin offerings um

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because for me those really exemplify

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the sort of the the problem that we're

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having at this exact moment they are a

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an idea with enormous potential

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significance down the road however the

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promise of the initial coin offering has

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been kind of hijacked into this string

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of like basically pump and dump scams or

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sort of desperate gold rush schemes the

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faster that we can we can shift from

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this this fantasy that it is going to

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make you rich in a sort of you know

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1920s tulip bubble kind of way um

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is is that is the sooner that we can get

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into people honestly and i mean this

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like with all the hope in the world

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people being disappointed in blockchains

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like oh i didn't get rich it's just

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being used now to make it easier to

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transact goods and services safely

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across borders this isn't exciting at

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all and then we'll see that like become

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part of the everyday infrastructure of

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the world in a way that i think will be

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very significant but i think it is now

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almost every aspect of it that's

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connected with the concept of money is

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wildly overhyped um and

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it also creates a problem which is

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people get a lot of excitement around it

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and then they're waiting for

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[Music]

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the world to change yeah right where

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where is this technology why haven't i

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seen anything changing yes yes because

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we've had a lot of pr a lot of proof of

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concept but yeah truthfully this is more

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like a science right it will develop it

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will take five years it will take 10

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years that kind of time is necessary one

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of the areas that brought me to supply

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chain research is the fact that we're

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we're not just going to see blockchain

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emerge we're going to see artificial

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intelligence continue to evolve we're

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gonna see connected devices and this

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sort of growing internet of things

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machinery that can do a lot more and

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have a wallet and transact on their own

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and so

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i actually think a lot of where

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blockchain and other technologies are

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headed is this interesting synergy that

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will help us elevate the kinds of

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institutions we've used in the past and

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cobbled together to create that

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identifiable

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verifiable trust yes and one of the most

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interesting ideas to me that came out of

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the currency side of the blockchain

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project was the notion around like

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coloring coins right assign properties

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to a particular coin

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and in particular to assign those

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properties in ways that would allow you

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to do things like bring in the graph of

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previous transactions you know there's

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sort of an obvious application for this

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which is something that would look a

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little bit like an extreme version of

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like a boycott divestment and sanctions

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kind of approach right a model where

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it's sort of like i will not touch money

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my wallet will automatically not touch

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money that has been exchanged with the

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following as a sort of very extreme way

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of cutting those things out but there's

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also ways in which i think that could be

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applied to to clearing out the entire

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logistics process of many kinds of bad

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actors but trying to make a supply chain

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better in some ways relies a lot on

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whose version of better that is and

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exactly kind of what gets qualified but

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also how that is quantified

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within say some kind of like smart

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contract system there's multiple ways

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that i could see this backfiring and one

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is the ways in which that is implemented

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for example

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leaving certain kinds of bad behavior

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untouched or unanalyzed or one that

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feels even more dire to me in some ways

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is creating an extremely inflexible con

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like because human contracts legal

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contracts are actually very flexible

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like there's a lot of kind of room to

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move and renegotiate yeah but we we

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already have

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real world versions of some of these

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nightmare scenarios right where like

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your kid has a medical emergency and you

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can't unlock your car because you're two

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days behind on payments for it and so

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the car system will no longer respond to

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the app mechanism that you're supposed

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to be able to use to drive it barrier

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being sort of a rigidity in structures

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that maybe don't accommodate real life

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scenarios very well as you and i have

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been talking one of the things that

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keeps coming up is that we tend to hold

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novel technologies to an unrealistically

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high standard in terms of what they are

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supposed to deliver rather than

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comparing them to actually existing

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systems where we can begin to see the

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possibility that even like a slight

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incremental improvement would still be

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an enormous gain the system we have

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today is also broken

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right

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it's it's hard to compare it to some

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perfect future just like we compare

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um you know autonomous vehicles to this

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very high standard because machines are

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doing it should be perfect right there

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should be zero car deaths

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and when you say well there's hundreds

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of thousands millions of you know car

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deaths on the road due to human error

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today i think we're in a similar place

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we're going to see problems with this

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technology and we are going to need to

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develop

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multiple kinds of standards that also

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have some flexibility

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but it's it's going to also be a

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version a system that

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allows us to fix some of the things that

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are broken today

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blockchain may sound complicated but at

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its core it's just another tool for

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humans and eventually robots and other

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kinds of identities to trade at scale

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and make that trade more decentralized

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and it's part of our future so it's

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important that people have these kinds

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of conversations and start to learn

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about it

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