Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders (Intro Psych Tutorial #229)
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Michael Corayer explores trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5, focusing on PTSD. He explains that PTSD involves intrusive memories of trauma, typically emerging 3 months post-event, and is more common in those exposed to severe stress like military veterans and first responders. The video also touches on acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and the increased risk of suicide in those diagnosed with these conditions.
Takeaways
- š The video discusses trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5, focusing on PTSD.
- š PTSD is characterized by involuntary and intrusive memories of traumatic events, typically emerging about 3 months post-event.
- š„ For a PTSD diagnosis, the patient must have firsthand experience with the traumatic stressors.
- š„ Flashbacks are a key symptom where individuals feel as if they are re-experiencing the traumatic event.
- š Behavioral symptoms of PTSD include avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma.
- š Somatic symptoms involve a heightened startle response, a physiological reaction to being startled.
- š§ Cognitive symptoms in PTSD manifest as negative beliefs and distorted cognitions, sometimes with catastrophizing thoughts.
- š The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%.
- š®āāļø Higher prevalence rates are found among military veterans, first responders, and victims of crimes or assaults.
- š¤ PTSD often co-occurs with other disorders, with about 80% of diagnosed individuals meeting criteria for another condition.
- ā³ Acute stress disorder is a related condition focusing on short-term effects of trauma, with symptoms like depersonalization and guilt.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video script?
-The main focus of the video script is to review trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5, with a particular emphasis on PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).
What is PTSD and what are its key symptoms?
-PTSD, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Key symptoms include recurrent involuntary and intrusive memories of the event, often manifesting as flashbacks, avoidance of related stimuli, heightened startle response, and negative beliefs or distorted cognitions.
Why is firsthand exposure to a traumatic event important for a PTSD diagnosis?
-Firsthand exposure to a traumatic event is crucial for a PTSD diagnosis because the disorder is directly linked to the individual's personal experience of trauma. Intrusive memories about events like TV shows, movies, or video games do not qualify for PTSD diagnosis.
How soon after a traumatic event do PTSD symptoms typically emerge?
-PTSD symptoms often emerge about 3 months following the traumatic event, although the timing can vary.
What is the difference between flashbacks and recalling a traumatic event?
-Flashbacks involve the person feeling as if they are re-experiencing the event, as if it is happening again, which is distinct from simply recalling or thinking about the event or ruminating over its details.
Which groups have a higher prevalence of PTSD?
-The prevalence of PTSD is higher in groups such as military veterans, firefighters, police officers, first responders, medical personnel, and victims of crimes including rape, assault, and captivity.
Is PTSD diagnosed more in males or females?
-Contrary to the stereotype that PTSD is more common among military veterans who are often male, more females receive a diagnosis of PTSD than males.
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD?
-The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%, meaning approximately 3.5% of the population suffers from this disorder over the course of a year.
What is comorbidity in PTSD?
-Comorbidity in PTSD refers to the high likelihood that individuals diagnosed with PTSD also meet the criteria for another disorder, with about 80% of patients having an additional condition such as a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder, or a substance abuse disorder.
What is Acute Stress Disorder and how does it differ from PTSD?
-Acute Stress Disorder focuses on the short-term effects of a traumatic event, occurring within a month of the event, and involves symptoms such as feelings of depersonalization and guilt. It differs from PTSD, which considers the long-term effects of exposure to a traumatic event or stressful situation.
What is Adjustment Disorder and how is it related to stress?
-Adjustment Disorder is diagnosed when a person's symptoms and distress caused by a stressful life event are considered out of proportion with the stressor and cause impairments in social or occupational functioning. It can be triggered by less serious stressful events like breakups, divorce, occupational problems, natural disasters, or retirement.
Outlines
š Understanding PTSD and Its Impact
In the first paragraph, Michael Corayer introduces the topic of trauma and stressor-related disorders, focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He clarifies that PTSD involves intrusive memories of traumatic events that the patient has directly experienced, distinguishing it from indirect exposure like watching a movie. Symptoms typically emerge around three months post-event and can manifest as flashbacks, where individuals feel they are re-experiencing the trauma. Behavioral symptoms include avoidance of stimuli related to the event, while somatic symptoms involve a heightened startle response. Cognitive symptoms may present as negative beliefs and distorted cognitions, sometimes with patients catastrophizing their condition. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%. Higher rates are found among military veterans, first responders, and victims of crimes, with females slightly more diagnosed than males. Comorbidity is common, with about 80% of PTSD patients also meeting criteria for another disorder, often depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. The paragraph also touches on acute stress disorder, which deals with short-term effects of trauma, characterized by depersonalization and guilt within a month of the event, with varying prevalence rates depending on the nature of the trauma.
š Adjusting to Stress: Disorders and Suicide Risk
The second paragraph delves into the less severe but still impactful stressors in life, such as breakups, occupational issues, and natural disasters, which can lead to adjustment disorder. This disorder is diagnosed when an individual's response to a stressor is out of proportion, causing significant impairments in social or occupational functioning. It is notably common following serious medical diagnoses, with an increased risk of suicide associated. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content by liking and subscribing, summarizing the discussion on trauma and stressor-related disorders and their various manifestations in different populations.
Mindmap
Keywords
š”PTSD
š”Intrusive memories
š”Flashbacks
š”Avoidance
š”Startle response
š”Cognitive symptoms
š”Lifetime prevalence
š”Comorbidity
š”Acute stress disorder
š”Adjustment disorder
š”Stressors
Highlights
Introduction to trauma and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5.
Discussion on PTSD, including its main symptom of recurrent involuntary memories.
Emphasis on the requirement for firsthand exposure to stressors for PTSD diagnosis.
Description of PTSD symptoms emerging about 3 months post-trauma.
Explanation of flashbacks as a PTSD symptom.
Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma as a behavioral symptom.
Mention of heightened startle response as a somatic symptom in PTSD.
Cognitive symptoms in PTSD, including negative beliefs and distorted cognitions.
Lifetime prevalence of PTSD is about 8%, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.5%.
Higher prevalence of PTSD among military veterans, first responders, and victims of crimes.
More females receive a PTSD diagnosis than males, contrary to common stereotypes.
Comorbidity in PTSD, with 80% of patients also meeting criteria for another disorder.
Introduction to acute stress disorder, focusing on short-term effects of trauma.
Prevalence rates of acute stress disorder vary depending on the type of traumatic event.
Discussion on less serious stressful events that can lead to adjustment disorder.
Adjustment disorder diagnosed when stressor-related symptoms are out of proportion.
Increased risk of suicide associated with adjustment disorder.
Conclusion and call to action for viewers to like and subscribe for more content.
Transcripts
Hi, I'm Michael Corayer and this is Psych ExamĀ Review. In this video we're going to look at theĀ Ā
category of trauma and stressor related disordersĀ in the DSM-5. And we'll start by looking at PTSDĀ Ā
or post-traumatic stress disorder and this isĀ a disorder that I've talked about in a previousĀ Ā
video, so I'll post a link to that video in theĀ description. Now one of the main symptoms that weĀ Ā
see in PTSD is recurrent involuntary and intrusiveĀ memories of traumatic events. Now it's importantĀ Ā
that in the diagnosis of PTSD the patient hasĀ firsthand exposure or experience with theseĀ Ā
stressors. So if you have intrusive memories aboutĀ a TV show that you watched or a movie you saw orĀ Ā
a video game that you've played, this wouldn'tĀ be considered towards diagnosis of PTSD. TheseĀ Ā
symptoms often emerge about 3 months following theĀ traumatic event and one way that this can occur isĀ Ā
via what are called flashbacks. So this refers toĀ the person feeling like they are experiencing theĀ Ā
event again it's happening again or they'reĀ reliving it. And so this is different fromĀ Ā
just recalling the event or thinking about it orĀ ruminating over certain details of the event. TheĀ Ā
person actually feels that it's happening againĀ and this is often portrayed in popular culture inĀ Ā
the form of a military veteran who suddenly feelsĀ he's back on the battlefield when he's actually inĀ Ā
a more mundane circumstance. Now other symptomsĀ that we see, we see a behavioral symptom whichĀ Ā
is avoidance of related stimuli so situations orĀ people or objects that remind the person of thisĀ Ā
traumatic event are avoided. And we also see aĀ somatic symptom of a heightened startle response,Ā Ā
so this is refers to a physiological change inĀ the person's reactivity to being startled. AndĀ Ā
we also see cognitive symptoms and these includeĀ negative beliefs and distorted cognitions andĀ Ā
this distortion sometimes occurs in the form ofĀ the patient's saying something like "my nervousĀ Ā
system has been destroyed". Alright so this isĀ sort of exaggeration or catastrophizing of certainĀ Ā
cognitions or beliefs and the estimated lifetimeĀ prevalence of PTSD it's about 8% with a 12-monthĀ Ā
estimated prevalence of 3.5% and again that meansĀ over the course of a year you'll see about 3.5%Ā Ā
percent of the population is suffering from thisĀ disorder. Now of course the prevalence is going toĀ Ā
be higher in some groups and these groups includeĀ military veterans, firefighters, police officers,Ā Ā
and first responders or other medical personnelĀ who are more likely to be exposed to traumatic orĀ Ā
very stressful events. But we also see in victimsĀ of crimes, victims of rape, assault, combat,Ā Ā
or captivity and there's sort of a stereotypeĀ that PTSD is associated with military veteransĀ Ā
and therefore it's often thought of as somethingĀ that would mostly affect males. But it's actuallyĀ Ā
the case that there are more females who receiveĀ a diagnosis of PTSD than males and we also seeĀ Ā
comorbidity in PTSD. About 80% of patients who'veĀ been diagnosed with PTSD also meet the criteriaĀ Ā
for another disorder and that other disorder isĀ often a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder,Ā Ā
or a substance abuse disorder. Now in the caseĀ of PTSD we're mostly thinking about the long-termĀ Ā
effects of exposure to a traumatic event orĀ a stressful situation but of course we alsoĀ Ā
have shorter term effects and this brings us toĀ another disorder which is acute stress disorder.Ā Ā
So this is more focused on the short-term effectsĀ of a traumatic event and this focuses on symptomsĀ Ā
of feelings of depersonalization and guiltĀ following a traumatic event. And these occurĀ Ā
within a month of the event and of courseĀ the prevalence varies by event. So peopleĀ Ā
who experienced a serious vehicular accidentĀ about 13-21% of those people will experienceĀ Ā
feelings of guilt and depersonalization afterĀ the event. In the case of industrial accidentsĀ Ā
it's estimated to be about 6-12% of people who'veĀ had that experience. And then in the case of rape,Ā Ā
assault, or mass shootings we see about 20-50%Ā of people would meet the criteria for a diagnosisĀ Ā
of acute stress disorder. Of course weĀ also have less serious stressful events,Ā Ā
we have things like breakups, divorce,Ā occupational problems, natural disasters,Ā Ā
and even things like retirement that involveĀ lifestyle changes and these can be stressfulĀ Ā
for people and they may actually cause someĀ symptoms and distress. And this can lead toĀ Ā
diagnosis of what's called adjustment disorder andĀ this is where these symptoms and the distress theĀ Ā
person is experiencing because of this stressfulĀ life event is considered to be out of proportionĀ Ā
with the stressor, and it's causing impairmentsĀ in the person's social functioning or in theirĀ Ā
occupational function. And this can then lead toĀ this diagnosis of adjustment disorder. This isĀ Ā
actually fairly common in response to seriousĀ medical diagnoses. So if people are receivingĀ Ā
a diagnosis of a terminal illness, cancer, orĀ brain tumor, or HIV, some very serious medicalĀ Ā
diagnosis, the person is likely to meet theĀ criteria for this adjustment disorder. AndĀ Ā
this also carries with it an increased riskĀ of suicide for these patients. Okay so thoseĀ Ā
are some disorders in this category of trauma andĀ stressor related disorders. I hope you found thisĀ Ā
helpful if so please like the video and subscribeĀ to the channel for more. Thanks for watching!
you
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