Hijau di Kalimantan: Pohonnya Ditebang, Hutannya Dibabat | Narasi Explains

Narasi Newsroom

11 Mar 202311:35

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the severe impact of deforestation in West and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, which has led to devastating floods affecting nearly 100,000 people. It highlights deforestation as a key cause, driven by the expansion of oil palm plantations and mining, resulting in significant carbon emissions and contributing to climate change. The script also touches on historical exploitation of Kalimantan's forests since the colonial era, the failure of the 2011 moratorium to effectively curb deforestation, and the ongoing challenges despite policies aimed at controlling it. The script concludes with the urgent need for better policy utilization and infrastructure development that considers environmental sustainability.

Takeaways

🌧️ In October 2021, West Kalimantan faced severe flooding, affecting nearly 100,000 people across several districts.
🌳 Deforestation is a significant cause of the recurring floods in Kalimantan, with forests being cleared for oil palm plantations and mining, leading to the loss of natural coverage.
🌿 The script highlights that deforestation in Kalimantan is a long-standing issue, with historical exploitation dating back to the colonial era and intensifying during the New Order regime under Soeharto.
📉 The consequences of deforestation are not limited to floods; they also include significant carbon emissions, exacerbating the climate crisis.
🌍 Indonesia, particularly Kalimantan, is a major contributor to global carbon emissions due to deforestation, ranking third after the United States and China.
🔥 Deforestation contributes to increased risk of forest fires, which not only release carbon dioxide but also potent methane gas, 21 times more harmful than carbon dioxide.
🌡️ The script mentions that from 2002 to 2021, Indonesia lost 28.6 million hectares of forested area, which equates to 19.6 gigatons of carbon emissions.
🌡️ The loss of forests in West Kalimantan alone resulted in the equivalent of 2.43 gigatons of carbon emissions, highlighting the region's significant impact on global emissions.
🌱 The government has implemented a moratorium on deforestation since 2011, claiming it has helped reduce deforestation rates in Kalimantan.
⛏️ Despite the moratorium, deforestation threats persist, with ongoing infrastructure development and the expansion of oil palm plantations continuing to encroach on forest lands.

Q & A

What was the impact of the floods in West Kalimantan in October 2021?
-The floods in West Kalimantan in October 2021 lasted for about two weeks, affecting nearly 100,000 people across several districts.
What is a common factor contributing to the floods in both West and Central Kalimantan?
-Deforestation, particularly for the opening of land for palm oil plantations and mining, is a common factor contributing to the floods in both regions.
How does deforestation affect the climate in Kalimantan?
-Deforestation leads to the release of carbon stored in forests into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change and increasing temperatures.
What is the historical context of forest exploitation in Kalimantan?
-Forest exploitation in Kalimantan dates back to colonial times, with the most aggressive phase occurring during the New Order regime under President Suharto, where vast areas of forests were cleared.
What were the consequences of the forest exploitation during the 1970s in Kalimantan?
-During the 1970s, a significant portion of Kalimantan's forests were turned into concessions for timber companies, with wood becoming the second-largest export commodity after oil.
How much of Kalimantan's tropical rainforest was lost between 1973 and 2010?
-Approximately 30% of Kalimantan's total tropical rainforest area was lost between 1973 and 2010, amounting to 123,941 km2.
What is the role of tropical forests in global carbon emissions?
-Tropical forests contribute about 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, with Indonesia being the third-largest emitter after the United States and China.
What are the effects of deforestation and carbon emissions on the local temperature in Kalimantan?
-Deforestation and carbon emissions have led to an increase in local daily temperatures by about 0.95 degrees Celsius, which in turn affects the health of residents and worker safety in the area.
What is the government's policy to control deforestation in Kalimantan?
-The Indonesian government implemented a moratorium on forest clearing in Kalimantan since 2011, claiming it has helped reduce deforestation rates.
What is the role of palm oil plantations in carbon emissions in Kalimantan?
-Palm oil plantations contribute significantly to carbon emissions in Kalimantan, accounting for 18-20% of the total carbon emissions in Indonesia.
What is the current threat to forests in Kalimantan despite the moratorium?
-Despite the moratorium, deforestation threats persist due to ongoing infrastructure development projects, as emphasized by the environment minister.

Outlines

00:00

🌳 Impact of Deforestation in West and Central Kalimantan

The script discusses the severe floods that hit West Kalimantan in late October 2021, affecting nearly 100,000 people across several districts. A year later, Central Kalimantan faced similar floods, impacting nearly 50,000 people. Deforestation, particularly for the expansion of oil palm plantations and mining, is identified as a significant factor contributing to these disasters. The script highlights the long-term consequences of deforestation, including the loss of forest cover, increased carbon emissions, and the exacerbation of the climate crisis. It also touches on the historical exploitation of Kalimantan's forests since the colonial era, the economic incentives driving deforestation, and the environmental changes observed from 1973 to 2010, with a significant loss of forest cover and the transformation of the region into a major carbon emitter rather than a carbon sink.

05:01

🌿 Forest Emissions and Deforestation in Indonesia

This paragraph focuses on the issue of deforestation, particularly in Indonesia, and its contribution to global carbon emissions. It mentions that tropical forests contribute about 20% of total greenhouse gas emissions, with Indonesia ranking as the third-largest emitter after the United States and China. The script discusses how deforestation in Southeast Asia tends to produce more carbon emissions than other regions and how it contributes to the risk of forest fires, which release not only carbon dioxide but also methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The script provides statistics on Indonesia's forest loss from 2002 to 2021, with significant emissions resulting from this loss. It also discusses the impact of deforestation on local temperatures and health, as well as the government's moratorium on forest clearing and its effectiveness. The paragraph concludes with a critique of the government's claims about the success of the moratorium and the need for better policy utilization to address deforestation.

10:21

🚧 Ongoing Threats of Deforestation Amidst Development

The final paragraph addresses the ongoing threat of deforestation despite efforts to control it. It discusses the government's infrastructure development plans, such as the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia's Economic Development (MP3EI), and the potential environmental impact of these initiatives. The script also mentions the concerns raised by the Minister of Environment and Forestry regarding the threats to forests. It suggests that the current development push could undermine conservation efforts and lead to further deforestation, despite the existence of policies aimed at protecting forests and combating climate change.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Deforestation

Deforestation refers to the large-scale clearing of forests by humans for various purposes, such as agriculture, logging, or mining. In the context of the video, deforestation is a critical issue in Kalimantan, where it is driven by the need to clear land for palm oil plantations and mining. The script highlights that deforestation has severe environmental consequences, including loss of habitat for wildlife, increased carbon emissions, and exacerbation of climate change. The video emphasizes the impact of deforestation on the local communities and the broader ecosystem of Kalimantan.

💡Flood

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry. The script mentions that Kalimantan has experienced severe flooding, affecting thousands of people and highlighting the connection between deforestation and increased flood risks. The removal of trees due to deforestation can lead to soil erosion and reduced water absorption, which in turn can contribute to more frequent and severe flooding events.

💡Carbon Emissions

Carbon emissions refer to the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The video script discusses how deforestation in Kalimantan contributes significantly to carbon emissions, which are a major driver of global climate change. The script provides specific data on the amount of carbon emissions resulting from deforestation activities, illustrating the scale of the problem.

💡Palm Oil Plantations

Palm oil plantations are large-scale agricultural estates dedicated to the cultivation of oil palm trees, from which palm oil is extracted. The script points out that the expansion of palm oil plantations is a significant driver of deforestation in Kalimantan. This expansion often leads to the clearance of large areas of forest, which not only results in habitat loss but also contributes to increased carbon emissions.

💡Climate Crisis

The climate crisis, also known as climate change, refers to the long-term changes in global weather patterns, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and shifting ecosystems. The video script connects deforestation in Kalimantan to the broader climate crisis, explaining how the loss of forests reduces the capacity of the region to absorb carbon dioxide, thereby exacerbating global warming.

💡Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems, such as clean air, water purification, and pollination. The script discusses how the deforestation in Kalimantan disrupts these services, leading to a decline in environmental health and the well-being of local communities. The loss of forests affects the ability of the ecosystem to provide these essential services, which in turn impacts human health and livelihoods.

💡Moratorium

A moratorium is a temporary ban or suspension on a particular activity. In the script, the Indonesian government's moratorium on deforestation is mentioned as a policy measure to control the rate of forest loss in Kalimantan. However, the effectiveness of this moratorium is questioned, with the script suggesting that deforestation rates have not significantly decreased, indicating the ongoing challenges in managing forest resources sustainably.

💡Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure development refers to the construction of basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. The script mentions that ongoing infrastructure projects, such as the development of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT), may contribute to further deforestation and environmental degradation. This highlights the tension between economic development and environmental conservation.

💡Indonesia's Forest Fires

Indonesia's forest fires are a recurring environmental disaster, often intentionally set for land clearing, particularly for agricultural purposes. The script notes that deforestation contributes to the risk of forest fires, which not only release significant carbon emissions but also produce toxic gases like methane. The fires have severe local and global environmental impacts, as well as health implications for the population.

💡Conservation

Conservation refers to the preservation and protection of natural resources, including forests, wildlife, and ecosystems. The video script underscores the importance of conservation efforts in Kalimantan to counteract the negative effects of deforestation. It suggests that sustainable management of forests is crucial for maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, and supporting the livelihoods of local communities.

Highlights

In October 2021, West Kalimantan was hit by floods affecting nearly 100,000 people.

A year later, Central Kalimantan experienced floods impacting around 50,000 people across 8 regencies and 1 city.

Deforestation is identified as a significant cause of these floods.

Deforestation in these provinces is driven by the need to clear land for palm oil plantations and mining, leading to severe environmental consequences.

The loss of forest cover due to deforestation in Kalimantan is a long-term issue.

Deforestation contributes significantly to carbon emissions, exacerbating climate change.

Kalimantan's rich forest ecosystem, once a harmonious blend of human and wildlife, is under threat due to economic exploitation.

The exploitation of Kalimantan's forests began during the colonial era and intensified under President Soeharto's regime.

In the 1970s, a large portion of Kalimantan's forests was turned into logging concessions, with wood becoming a major export commodity.

Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea were among the main export destinations for Kalimantan's timber.

Deforestation in Kalimantan continues with a new phase of palm oil plantations and mining.

Research shows that from 1973 to 2010, approximately 30% of Kalimantan's tropical forest cover was lost.

The loss of forest cover in Kalimantan between 1973 and 2010 equates to an area of 123,941 km2.

Forests in Kalimantan are crucial for carbon sequestration and maintaining ecosystem balance.

Tropical forests contribute about 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, with Indonesia ranking third in global emissions after the US and China.

Between 2002 and 2021, Indonesia lost 28.6 million hectares of forested area, equivalent to 19.6 gigatons of carbon emissions.

West Kalimantan alone lost 3.69 million hectares of forested area, resulting in 2.43 gigatons of carbon emissions.

Palm oil plantations are a significant contributor to carbon emissions in Kalimantan, accounting for 18-20% of Indonesia's total emissions.

Deforestation and carbon emissions have serious impacts, including raising local temperatures and increasing mortality rates.

The Indonesian government has implemented a moratorium on deforestation since 2011, claiming it has helped reduce deforestation rates.

However, some research suggests that deforestation rates in Indonesia, including Kalimantan, decreased due to falling palm oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic, rather than the moratorium.

Despite efforts to control deforestation, threats persist with ongoing infrastructure development, as emphasized by the Minister of Environment and Forestry.