How Companies Like Amazon, Nike and FedEx Avoid Taxes

CNBC
14 Apr 202211:27

Summary

TLDRThe US tax code permits some of the world's most profitable companies, including FedEx, Nike, HP, and Salesforce, to avoid paying federal corporate income taxes, highlighting a fairness issue. Despite being legal, this costs the government billions annually. The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act reduced the corporate tax rate to 21%, yet Amazon, for instance, reported almost $79 billion in US income over four years and paid only $4 billion in federal income tax, an effective rate of 5.1%. The script discusses tax strategies like R&D credits, accelerated depreciation, stock options, and offshoring, which contribute to this tax avoidance. It suggests reforms like minimum corporate taxes and beefing up the IRS as potential solutions.

Takeaways

  • 📊 The U.S. tax code permits some of the world's most profitable companies to avoid paying federal corporate income taxes.
  • 💰 In 2020, at least 55 of America's largest corporations paid no federal corporate income taxes on their profits, including知名企业 like FedEx, Nike, HP, and Salesforce.
  • 🔍 These companies' practices are legal and involve various tax strategies, not just the avoidance of federal income tax.
  • 💵 The tax breaks in the U.S. tax code cost the federal government approximately $180 billion annually.
  • 📉 The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, impacting government revenue.
  • 🏛️ Amazon, as an example, reported $11 billion in U.S. income in 2018 and paid no federal income tax, instead receiving a $129 million tax rebate.
  • 📈 Over four years, Amazon reported nearly $79 billion in U.S. income and paid a total of $4 billion in federal income tax, resulting in an effective tax rate of 5.1%.
  • 📋 Corporations use two forms of accounting: one for shareholders (book income) and another for taxes (taxable income), which can lead to discrepancies.
  • 💼 Tools like stock options, accelerated depreciation, and offshoring are used by corporations to reduce their taxable income.
  • 🌐 A global minimum tax has been proposed to prevent profit shifting by multinational corporations and to ensure a fairer tax system.

Q & A

  • 为什么有些美国大公司在2020年没有支付联邦公司所得税?

    -根据提供的脚本内容,有些美国最大的公司在2020年没有支付联邦公司所得税,因为目前的税法允许他们利用税法中的各种税收减免和抵免。这些公司并没有做任何非法的事情,他们支付了其他形式的税款,但联邦所得税为零。例如,根据ITEP的报告,至少有55家大型公司在2020年的利润上没有支付联邦公司所得税,反而收到了税收退款。

  • 2020年有哪些知名公司没有支付联邦公司所得税?

    -脚本中提到了一些知名公司在2020年没有支付联邦公司所得税,包括FedEx、Nike、HP和Salesforce。

  • 联邦公司所得税率是多少,以及它如何影响税收公平性?

    -根据脚本,目前的联邦公司所得税率为21%,适用于国内利润。但是,如果美国跨国公司的利润是海外赚取的,这一比例可能低至0%到10.5%。这种差异可能会影响税收公平性,因为它为公司提供了将利润转移到税率较低的国家的动机。

  • 税收减免对联邦政府的收入有什么影响?

    -脚本中提到,税收减免每年使联邦政府损失大约1800亿美元。相比之下,公司税每年为联邦政府带来约3700亿美元的收入。

  • 亚马逊在2018年和2020年之间的税收情况如何?

    -根据脚本,亚马逊在2018年报告了约110亿美元的美国收入,并且没有支付联邦所得税,实际上还获得了1.29亿美元的税收退款。在2018年到2021年的四年时间里,亚马逊报告了近790亿美元的美国收入,总共支付了40亿美元的联邦所得税,四年的平均税率为5.1%,远低于21%的联邦税率。

  • 公司如何通过不同的会计方法来报告利润和税收?

    -脚本中解释说,上市公司有两种不同的会计方法:一种是为了股东,称为账面收入,使用通用会计原则向股东报告利润;另一种是为了税收,称为应税收入,它有一套不同的规则,通常与账面收入的会计规则不同。这就意味着公司可能在财务报告上显示巨额利润,但在税务报告上却显示没有利润或甚至亏损。

  • 什么是税收支出,它们如何影响公司税收?

    -税收支出是针对特定目标的税收减免,如税收抵免或激励措施。例如,研发税收抵免允许公司对其研究支出进行扣除和抵免。这些税收支出允许公司降低其有效税率,是公司能够告诉投资者他们赚取了数十亿美元,但转而告诉政府他们的利润为零的一种方式。

  • 公司如何通过股票期权来影响其税收?

    -脚本中提到,股票期权的税收减免允许公司在税收上扣除他们给予高管和其他高级员工的股票期权的成本。这种会计处理方式在账面会计和税务会计之间创造了差异,从而影响了公司报告的应税收入总额。

  • 公司如何通过海外利润来减少其联邦公司所得税?

    -脚本中提到,美国跨国公司的外国利润目前有一个非常低的税率,介于0%到10.5%之间。这种税率差异为公司提供了将利润转移到所谓的外国低税国家的动力。这种利润转移可以每年达到数十亿美元,甚至高达1000亿美元。

  • 政策制定者如何解决公司税收公平问题?

    -脚本建议政策制定者的首要任务是确保公司支付其应有的税收份额。可能的解决方案包括改革税法规则,取消或减少低效的税收减免,加强国税局的执法能力,实施国际和国内最低公司税,以及直接对账面收入征收最低税。

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Related Tags
Corporate TaxTax AvoidanceAmazonFedExTax ReformIRSProfitable CompaniesTax BreaksOffshoringTax Fairness