Lesson 3 (Part 2): Functions and Features of Effective Communication | Oral Communication in Context
Summary
TLDRThis lesson delves into the barriers that impede effective communication, categorizing them into physical, semantic, and social-psychological barriers. It discusses how factors like faulty organizational structures, physical noise, time and distance, and information overload can disrupt communication. Semantic barriers include language challenges such as homophones, homographs, and homonyms, as well as connotations and denotations. Social-psychological barriers encompass inattention, closed-mindedness, and cultural differences. The lesson emphasizes the importance of understanding and overcoming these barriers for successful communication.
Takeaways
- π Effective communication is crucial but achieving perfect communication is challenging due to various barriers.
- ποΈ Physical barriers such as faulty organizational structures, noise, time zones, and distance can disrupt communication.
- π Information overload, where too much data is presented, can hinder effective communication by overwhelming the receiver.
- π Semantic barriers involve language difficulties like homophones, homographs, and homonyms, which can lead to misunderstandings.
- π Connotations and denotations in language use can create barriers as words can carry different emotional associations and literal meanings.
- π£οΈ Language barriers can arise from differences in languages, unclear speech, overuse of jargon, and lack of specificity in messaging.
- π§ Social psychological barriers include inattention, closed-mindedness, differing fields of experience, and group identification that affect communication.
- π€ Self-image and attitudes can influence how individuals communicate and may create barriers if not managed properly.
- π Cross-cultural barriers are significant and include differences in language, values, social relations, time perception, and personal space.
- π Overcoming communication barriers is essential for successful interactions and can be achieved by understanding and addressing these various factors.
Q & A
What are the different features that make communication effective according to the lesson?
-The lesson does not explicitly list the features that make communication effective but focuses on the barriers that hinder effective communication.
What are the categories of barriers to communication mentioned in the lesson?
-The lesson mentions physical barriers, semantic barriers, and social psychological barriers as the categories of communication barriers.
Can you provide an example of a physical barrier to communication mentioned in the script?
-A faulty organizational structure, physical noise, time and distance, and information overload are examples of physical barriers to communication.
What are semantic barriers and can you give some examples?
-Semantic barriers are difficulties in using language due to its features. Examples include homophones (words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings), homographs (words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings), and homonyms (words that have the same spelling and sound but different meanings).
What is the difference between denotation and connotation as explained in the script?
-Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word as found in a dictionary, while connotation refers to the emotional associations and feelings attached to a word, often influenced by cultural context.
How do language differences contribute to communication barriers?
-Language differences can lead to ineffective communication when people do not understand each other due to speaking different languages or using words with different meanings in their native languages.
What is the role of clarity in speech in avoiding language barriers?
-Clarity in speech is important to ensure that the message is easily understandable and audible for the listeners, thus avoiding misunderstandings that can arise from unclear speech.
How can the use of jargon create a barrier in communication?
-Jargon, being specific words used within a particular group, can create a barrier when used in conversations with people outside that group, leading to misunderstandings as they may not understand the jargon.
What are some social psychological barriers to communication discussed in the lesson?
-Social psychological barriers include inattention, closed-mindedness, differences in fields of experience, group identification, self-image, distrust, poor retention, attitudes and opinions, and emotions.
How can cultural aspects like values and social relations act as cross-cultural barriers?
-Cultural aspects such as differing values, social relations, concepts of time, personal space, and understanding of gestures can act as barriers when they are not aligned between the communicating parties, leading to misinterpretations and misunderstandings.
What is 'Filipino time' as mentioned in the script, and how does it differ from the concept of time in other cultures?
-'Filipino time' refers to the cultural norm where being late is considered normal and acceptable. This contrasts with cultures like the Japanese, where punctuality is highly valued, and being on time is expected.
Outlines
π£οΈ Communication Barriers Overview
This paragraph introduces the concept of communication barriers, emphasizing that effective communication is rarely perfect due to various factors that can disrupt the process. It outlines physical barriers such as faulty organizational structures, noise, time and distance, and information overload. The paragraph also touches on semantic barriers related to language use, including homophones, homographs, and homonyms, which can lead to confusion and misunderstandings.
π Semantic Barriers in Language
This section delves deeper into semantic barriers, focusing on language-specific challenges. It explains homophones as words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings, homographs as words with the same spelling but different pronunciations and meanings, and homonyms as words with the same spelling and sound but different meanings. The paragraph also discusses the concepts of denotation and connotation, highlighting how connotations can alter the perceived meaning of words based on cultural associations and personal experiences.
π Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges
The third paragraph explores social and psychological barriers to communication, including inattention, closed-mindedness, and differing fields of experience. It also addresses group identification and self-image as factors that can hinder communication. The concept of 'Filipino time' is introduced as an example of a cultural practice that can create misunderstandings in a cross-cultural context, emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness in communication.
π€ Social Psychological Barriers
This paragraph continues the discussion on social psychological barriers, adding distrust, poor retention, and differing attitudes and opinions to the list. It also considers the impact of emotions and the tendency to filter or distort messages, which can lead to miscommunication. The paragraph highlights the role of status differences in communication, suggesting that perceived social hierarchies can impede open dialogue.
π Overcoming Communication Barriers
The final paragraph summarizes the various barriers discussed and emphasizes the importance of overcoming them for effective communication. It suggests that understanding and addressing these barriers is crucial for clear and successful communication. The paragraph concludes with a reference to sources and a thank you note, indicating the end of the lesson.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Communication Barriers
π‘Physical Barriers
π‘Semantic Barriers
π‘Homophones
π‘Homographs
π‘Homononyms
π‘Denotation and Connotation
π‘Social-Psychological Barriers
π‘Cross-Cultural Barriers
π‘Filipino Time
π‘Non-Verbal Communication
Highlights
Communication barriers can distort messages and cause confusion and misunderstanding.
Physical barriers include faulty organizational structure, noise, time and distance, and information overload.
Noise can be physical, such as loud music or construction, hindering effective communication.
Time zone differences and physical distance can affect the dynamics of communication.
Information overload can occur when too much data is presented in a short time, making comprehension difficult.
Semantic barriers involve difficulties in language use, such as homophones, homographs, and homonyms.
Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings.
Homographs are words with the same spelling but different pronunciations and meanings.
Homononyms are words with the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings based on context.
Denotation refers to the literal dictionary meaning of a word, while connotation involves emotional associations.
Language barriers can arise from differences in languages, unclear speech, and the use of jargon.
Social psychological barriers include inattention, closed-mindedness, and differing fields of experience.
Group identification and self-image can influence communication and create barriers.
Distrust and poor retention can hinder effective communication.
Cross-cultural barriers include language differences, varying social relations, and differing concepts of time.
Cultural aspects such as personal space and gestures can lead to miscommunication.
Effective communication requires overcoming these barriers for smooth and successful interactions.
Transcripts
[Music]
on part one of this lesson we learned
about the different features that make
communication effective
however it is important to note that
there is no such thing as perfect
communication more often than not there
are certain factors that limit disrupt
or hinder the communication process
these factors are what we call barriers
there are many barriers to communication
and these may occur at any stage in the
communication process
these may also lead to distorted
messages and may cause confusion and
misunderstanding
now let's talk about those barriers to
communication what are these things
factors elements that hinder disrupt the
communication process there are actually
several categories to the barriers of
communication there are certain barriers
to communication that we can categorize
as physical barriers okay first one for
example is a faulty organization
structure so take for example when you
are working in an office or in working
in an organization or an institution
then if your organizational map is
faulty already then it's gonna be
difficult to communicate within and
among the members of the system all
right so that could resolve to
miscommunication misunderstanding within
the organization within the institution
itself aside from that of course we have
noise the physical noise that we hear
loud music loud talking all right if
there's construction going on outside
your room for example and you're talking
to someone or you're just basically in a
physically noisy environment meaning
your ears are affected in some way of
processing and receiving the information
then that could be referred to as noise
or physical noise time and distance are
also categorized under physical barriers
for example if you are on a different
time zone then communication might be or
the dynamics of communication might be
different okay um distance as well will
affect it because if you're far from
someone even if it's just a short
distance take for example a few meters
and you're already far it's very
difficult to communicate with that
person you already have to shout or
scream or say it out loud whatever it is
you are trying to say which of course
would be harmful to us as speakers and
of course unbeneficial for the listeners
as well another physical barrier may be
having too much information this is very
particular to students or people who are
trying to study absorb a lot of
information in a limited amount of time
or in a short amount of time so it
results more often than nato information
overload there is way too many
information that is being absorbed being
learned or being taken into account for
which makes it even more difficult for
you to understand them because there's
way too many you're having difficulties
processing it in your mind even in the
physical sense if you have way too many
papers in front of you it's very
difficult to go through them so that
could be information overload another
category in classifying barriers to
communication are semantic barriers when
we say semantic barriers these are
simply barriers that pertain to
difficulties in using a language because
there are certain features there are
certain elements in the language itself
that makes it hard for us to even relay
the information in the manner that we
want to relate to the english language
for example we have what we call
homophones homographs homonyms of course
the concepts of connotations and
denotations okay so we will go at that
one at a time when you encounter similar
sounding words words that sound the same
okay we call them homophones so simply
put if you are going to be
more specific about it if it has the
same pronunciation it sounds the same
when you say it or when you hear it okay
it has the same pronunciation however
the spelling is different and the
meaning is different as well we refer to
it as homophones some specific examples
include pale and pale outer and altar
rain and rain and by and by again
homophones are words that share the same
pronunciation okay same sound but
different in meaning and different in
spelling on the other hand there are
also words that have multiple
pronunciation okay and this are words
that we refer to as homographs to be
specific homographs are words that have
the same spelling meaning they are they
contain the same letters all right
however the pronunciation and the
meaning of those words are actually
different from one another so take for
example this one we must polish the
polish furniture okay so the word the
first word polish simply refers to us
wiping it down making it clean making it
presentable or right whereas the second
word which is capitalized polish simply
refers to furniture or describes
furniture that came from poland okay the
country poland so this one is a great
example of homographs another example is
this one the bandage was round around
the wound okay wound is the past tense
of wine or trying to put it around okay
whereas one refers to what we get when
we get when we get into an accident okay
another example is he could lead if he
would get the lead out aside from the
first two there are also words that have
multiple meanings if a while ago they
have different sounds okay but same
spelling
same spelling but different sounds all
right this time we have words that have
the same spelling same sound however
multiple meanings so depending on the
context of the sentence they could have
different meanings
and these words are what we refer to as
homonins again they have the same
pronunciation they sound the same they
share the same spelling they are
containing the same letters but the
meaning of these words would vary
depending on the context of the sentence
where you used it so take for example
this one close the window before the b
gets too close so the first clause
refers to
shorting it okay shutting the window
whereas the second close
the next word close is referring to
distance okay minimizing the distance
between you and the b all right so there
another good example is this the dog
barks at the trees bark so you would
notice that these they are the same they
sound the same they are composed of the
same letters but the first word bark
refers to the sound that the dog makes
whereas the second word bark refers to a
part of the tree in using language as
well we have these two concepts and
these two concepts are unavoidable
because sometimes these two concepts are
culture-bound it's attached to our
culture it's attached to how language is
used in the society these two concepts
are what we refer to as the notation and
connotation okay so when we say
denotation let's try to differentiate
the two when we say denotation this is
the literal meaning of a word meaning
when you look this word up in the
dictionary the meaning that you can find
in the dictionary that is your
denotation okay so how do you describe
it how do you um how do you define the
word itself all right so that is your
denotation your dictionary meaning okay
however there's this concept that is
what we refer to as connotation
connotations are emotions and certain
associations that we connect to a
particular word okay so more often than
not this is because
we attach certain feelings certain
emotions or certain experiences to a
certain word
that we gladly accept that it is the
meaning because of those experiences
those emo shots okay so those were um
those associations those attached
meanings to particular words could be
referred to as connotations okay so take
for example the word sheep okay if
you're going to look up the word cheap
in the dictionary you would notice that
it's denotation or its literal meaning
okay is something that is inexpensive so
when you describe something as cheap it
is inexpensive it doesn't cost too much
all right however there are certain
connotations attached to the word sheep
all right so take for example when you
tell someone oh you look cheap that
doesn't mean that that person doesn't
cost much all right we are not talking
about the price of that person we are
referring to how he or she must be
behaving or how he or she must come off
as okay if it's cheap meaning it's low
quality the connotation that is usually
attached to the word cheap is that it is
of low quality it's not something that
is good to look at all right so it's not
something that is reliable it doesn't
necessarily have to be inexpensive for
it to be called cheap connotations such
as that one um could also be a form of
barrier because sometimes people would
take the word point black they would
take it based on its literal meaning all
right but they are not aware that
certain connotations are attached to the
particular word already so another good
example of this one is the word salvage
in the philippines when we say salvage
there is a negative connotation to it
however if you are really going to look
up salvage in the dictionary even if you
do it right now and you look up salvage
the word is actually positive in meaning
the word is positive in its literal
definition or its definition okay it
means to save however in the philippines
so when we say salvage or when we hear
the word salvage there is a negative
connotation to it because more often
than not it was used to refer to people
who were killed the negative
connotations stayed all throughout the
years other forms of language barriers
aside from those technical aspects to
language use okay there are also other
form of language barriers so take for
example different languages could
already result to ineffective
communication okay so take for example
if i'm a filipino and i don't really
understand english that much remember
that you are not always communicating
using your first language or your native
language so differences in language the
languages that we use could also result
to ineffective communication there are
certain words that you can say therefore
the meaning also changes or the other
party could not understand it anymore
another language barrier is there's no
clarity in speech so when we say there's
no clarity in speech it's not clear the
way that you are projecting the words
out of your mouth the way that you are
saying it may not be as easily
understandable or on the ball for your
your listener so you have to make sure
that when you talk it's clear okay it's
not as if you are eating your words so
there's a there's an expression for that
do not eat your words okay say them out
loud say them in a manner that you know
would um be effective and would be
easily understandable and audible for
your listeners another language barrier
could be when someone is using jargons
all right so jargons are words that are
very specific in a particular group of
people so this particular group of
people are using these words and when
it's used outside that group other
people might not understand it when we
use jargons we have to be careful are we
talking to people who would be able to
understand it when there is too much use
of jargons in a conversation especially
if it's just a normal regular
conversation and you came from two
different groups of people
then that could be already be a barrier
misunderstanding will definitely ensue
remember that when you are also not
being specific meaning you are not
really pointing out what it is that you
want to say what it is that you want to
deliver then that could be a form of
language barrier as well you are um what
do you call this um in english they
refer to it as delhi dalian so you are
beating around the bush you are not um
going straight to the point you are not
being very clear and being concise about
your message another category in
understanding barriers is social
psychological barriers and this is very
important because these are barriers
that sometimes or more often than not we
do not see so we really do not know how
we could get past these barriers okay
because sometimes it happens within a
person okay or it happens in the mind of
a person inattention is included as a
social psychological barrier inattention
is simply not paying attention to a
speaker okay they could be distracted in
some way so that's why they're not
paying attention another thing is having
a closed mind when your mind is boxed in
a certain belief or a certain ideal then
understanding other people especially
their points of view might be difficult
for you another specific example of
social psychological barriers are your
fields of experience remember that
people hail from different backgrounds
we came from different families
different religions different
experiences so our fields of experiences
also vary all right so what you have
experience or what you may have
experienced may not have been
experienced by someone already group
identification could also affect
communication or could hinder or disrupt
the communication process especially for
example if you identify in a certain
group because
that particular group when you identify
to a certain group of people you know
already that there's a culture in that
group and that culture might also be
different from the culture of other
groups so
that in itself could hinder
communicating with other people aside
from those things the way that you view
yourself your self-image could also
hinder disrupt or affect the
communication process it's how confident
you see yourself do you see yourself
worthy of certain um certain
opportunities and so on and so forth so
you have to be very careful with how you
see yourself when you communicate as
well or how you consider yourself a new
community there's also this problem with
distrust when we say distraught it's
simply not having trust when the source
of the information or whoever it is that
you are talking with you are doubtful of
who they are what are their intentions
okay and so on and so forth so that
could cause a problem as well when you
talk to someone there is also this
problem with having poor retention
especially right now at this time and
age where everything is easily
accessible for people okay our attention
spans have shortened um so you have to
consider that one as well in terms of
communicating or effectively
communicating attitudes and opinions or
differences and attitudes and opinions
can also affect the way that we
communicate even your own attitude and
your own opinion could affect the way
that you communicate of course your
emotions are part of social
psychological barriers there are also
instances wherein we can't help but
filter and distort certain parts or the
messages that we send when we filter and
when we distort messages we are trying
to manipulate the content of the message
that we are sending so sometimes that
might result to miscommunication as well
differences in status in terms of status
in the society could also affect the way
that we communicate it could hinder it
could disrupt the way that we
communicate so take for example there
are certain people who believe that they
are above other people so of course they
will not talk to people who they believe
are below them all right so for example
if you are someone who is rich and you
believe that um the rich doesn't have to
go down the level of the poor so you
would only talk to people who are rich
okay you will not be going around
talking to other people who you consider
are poor it is also important to note
that there are certain features or
aspects of our culture that may hinder
disrupt the communication process so we
refer to these things as cross-cultural
barriers an example of this is language
since language is one of the main
aspects of culture okay so different
cultures may have different languages so
it could be considered differences in
languages could be considered as
barriers the values that we have for
example the values that we have as
filipinos they might be different from
the ones that americans have or the ones
that japanese people have or koreans
have our social relations could also
affect the way that we communicate how
do we relate how do we communicate with
other people how do we foster that
relationship with them how we value
these connections between and among
people in our society so there are
differences in that as well that may be
considered as
barriers to communication aside from
that our concepts of time also differ
from one culture to another a very good
example of this is um the concept of
filipino time all right so if you
compare it to the concept of time of the
japanese people japanese people believe
that if you are late then that means on
the clock you are actually on time so
for example if your meeting is at eight
o'clock and you come in at eight o'clock
on the dot eight o'clock that means that
you are late if you come in ten minutes
before eight o'clock that means that you
are um on time okay however in the
filipino concept of time okay or what
we're afraid to normally refer to as
filipino time when you come late that's
normal that's very typical and it's
acceptable in our culture not a lot of
people will bat an eyelash on that one
all right so it's primarily acceptable
but for other cultures such as the
japanese culture and even the korean
culture and chinese culture at that or
east asian culture in general they're
very particular with how you value time
okay but in philippines um we are not
very particular with that one we do
respect other people's time however the
concept of filipino time has been
generally acceptable so um it's been
known all over the world that if a
filipino comes late then it's just
natural it's typical filipino quality
there's also this um concept of space
that we have to consider other people
will be comfortable or other cultures
are comfortable expressing themselves um
in close contact with another example
even if it's a stranger all right so
it's okay for them to be communicating
it
at a close range however there are other
cultures who are very particular with
their concept of personal space so you
have to respect that when you
communicate with them their instances
were in
miscommunication ensues because our
concepts of space differ from one
another of course there are also um
differences in dress shorts or how we
understand how we view chess shorts okay
so just shores might differ from one
culture to another all right so there
are certain things that you can do with
your hand for example the peace sign or
the okay sign or this sign the thumbs up
sign that might be interpreted
differently among different cultures so
you have to be careful with that as well
or else it could be a barrier to
communication
effective communication involves
overcoming these affirmation barriers
there are many ways in which you can do
this and it is essential that we deal
and cope up with these barriers to
ensure smooth and successful
communication
here are my sources and references for
this lesson thank you for joining me
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