Law of Conservation of Mass Lab | Open VS Closed Systems | Baking Soda and Vinegar Experiment

Science Explained

18 Feb 202206:18

Summary

TLDRIn this educational video, Mrs. Budashan explores the law of conservation of mass through experiments with open and closed systems. She demonstrates the concept using vinegar and baking soda, comparing mass before and after reactions. In a closed system with a balloon seal, the mass difference is attributed to gas pressure. In an open system, a 6-gram mass loss is observed as gases escape, illustrating mass conservation in chemical reactions.

Takeaways

🔬 The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
🧪 In an open system, matter and energy can leave the system, such as gases escaping into the atmosphere.
🛡️ A closed system prevents matter and energy from leaving, often sealed with a lid or a balloon to capture gases.
🍶 The experiment involves mixing vinegar and baking soda in a flask to observe chemical reactions in both open and closed systems.
📏 A digital scale is used to measure the initial and final masses of the systems to check for conservation of mass.
🎈 In the closed system, the initial mass was 236 grams, and the final mass was 234 grams, indicating a 2-gram difference.
🌬️ The 2-gram difference in the closed system is attributed to the pressure from the gases pushing outward, affecting the scale reading.
🏺 The open system's initial mass was 480 grams with the flask and vinegar, and 26 grams with the empty cup and baking soda.
🌀 After the reaction in the open system, the final mass was 498 grams, showing a 6-gram loss due to gases escaping into the environment.
📉 The 6-gram loss in the open system demonstrates the mass that has left the system, adhering to the law of conservation of mass.

Q & A

What is the law of conservation of mass?
-The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
What is the difference between an open system and a closed system as described in the script?
-In an open system, matter and energy can leave the system, meaning there is no containment to prevent gases or particles from escaping into the surrounding environment. In a closed system, matter and energy cannot leave the system, which is typically achieved by sealing the system, such as with a lid or a balloon, to capture all gases produced.
Why does the mass appear to decrease in the closed system experiment?
-The mass appears to decrease in the closed system experiment due to the buildup of pressure from the released gases, which pushes outward and upward on the balloon, affecting the weight measurement. This does not mean that mass is lost; it's still present but not fully accounted for by the scale due to the additional forces at play.
What materials are used in the experiment to demonstrate the law of conservation of mass?
-The materials used in the experiment include vinegar, baking soda, a flask, a spoon, balloons, a digital scale, and a small cup to measure the baking soda.
What happens when baking soda is mixed with vinegar in the experiment?
-When baking soda is mixed with vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs, producing gases that cause bubbling, fizzing, and foaming. This reaction can be violent and causes the balloon to expand as the gases push outward.
What is the initial mass of the closed system in the experiment?
-The initial mass of the closed system, which includes the flask with vinegar and the balloon containing baking soda, is 236 grams.
What is the final mass of the closed system after the chemical reaction, and what does this indicate?
-The final mass of the closed system after the chemical reaction is 234 grams. This indicates a 2-gram difference, which is attributed to the forces exerted by the gases, not a violation of the law of conservation of mass.
How is the mass of the baking soda determined in the open system experiment?
-The mass of the baking soda in the open system experiment is determined by subtracting the mass of the empty cup (2 grams) from the total mass of the cup with baking soda (26 grams), resulting in 24 grams of baking soda.
What is the difference in mass observed in the open system experiment, and what does this represent?
-In the open system experiment, a difference of six grams is observed after the chemical reaction, indicating that six grams of mass, primarily in the form of gases and small particles, have left the system and entered the surrounding air.
Why is it important to measure the mass of the cup separately in the open system experiment?
-Measuring the mass of the cup separately ensures that only the mass of the baking soda is considered in the chemical reaction, as the cup itself does not participate in the reaction and should not be included in the mass calculations related to the law of conservation of mass.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Law of Conservation of Mass in Open and Closed Systems

Mrs. Budashan introduces the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. She explains the concept by comparing open and closed systems. In an open system, matter and energy can escape, such as gases and particles entering the atmosphere. In contrast, a closed system prevents matter and energy from leaving, often sealed with a lid or a balloon to capture gases. The experiment involves mixing vinegar and baking soda in a flask, with the closed system being a flask topped with a balloon to trap gases. The initial mass is measured, and after the reaction, the mass is measured again to check if it aligns with the law of conservation of mass. Despite a 2-gram difference, Mrs. Budashan explains that the law still holds true, as the forces acting on the system have changed due to the gas pressure.

05:01

🧪 Open System Experiment: Baking Soda and Vinegar

Mrs. Budashan conducts an experiment to demonstrate the law of conservation of mass in an open system. She measures the mass of a flask with vinegar, an empty cup, and the cup filled with baking soda. By subtracting the mass of the cup, she calculates the mass of the baking soda used in the reaction. The combined mass of the flask, vinegar, and baking soda is measured before and after the reaction. The final mass shows a 6-gram difference, indicating that gases and particles have escaped into the surrounding air. This experiment visually demonstrates the mass loss in an open system, contrasting with the closed system where gases are trapped, and the mass remains constant despite the reaction.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Law of Conservation of Mass

The Law of Conservation of Mass is a fundamental principle in chemistry that states mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. It is central to the video's theme as it guides the experiments conducted in both open and closed systems. The video uses this law to predict the outcome of the chemical reactions involving vinegar and baking soda, expecting that the total mass should remain constant before and after the reaction.

💡Open System

An open system is one where matter and energy can freely enter and leave. In the context of the video, an open system is demonstrated by pouring baking soda into a flask with vinegar without a lid, allowing gases to escape into the surrounding atmosphere. This is contrasted with a closed system to illustrate the difference in mass behavior when gases are free to leave the system.

💡Closed System

A closed system is one where matter and energy cannot escape. The video demonstrates this by placing a balloon over a flask containing vinegar and adding baking soda, capturing the gases produced in the reaction. This setup is used to compare the mass before and after the reaction, aiming to show that the law of conservation of mass holds true even when gases are contained.

💡Chemical Reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of substances into new products. In the video, the chemical reaction between vinegar and baking soda is used to illustrate the law of conservation of mass. The reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, which either escapes into the atmosphere in an open system or is trapped in a closed system, affecting the perceived mass.

💡Vinegar

Vinegar is an acidic liquid used in the video as one of the reactants in the chemical reaction with baking soda. It is a key component in demonstrating the law of conservation of mass, as it reacts with baking soda to produce carbon dioxide gas, which is then observed for its effect on the system's mass.

💡Baking Soda

Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is an alkaline compound used in the video to react with vinegar. It is the other reactant in the chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide gas. The video uses baking soda to show how mass changes in an open versus a closed system during a chemical reaction.

💡Digital Scale

A digital scale is used in the video to measure the mass of the reactants and products in the chemical reactions. It is an essential tool for demonstrating the law of conservation of mass, as it provides precise measurements to compare the initial and final masses in both open and closed systems.

💡Mass

Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, and in the video, it is the key measurement used to test the law of conservation of mass. The video discusses initial and final mass in both open and closed systems, showing how mass changes or appears to change due to the escape of gases.

💡Flask

A flask is a type of laboratory container used in the video to hold the vinegar and baking soda during the chemical reaction. It is the primary vessel where the reaction takes place, and its use in both open and closed systems helps to demonstrate the effects of the reaction on the system's mass.

💡Baloon

A balloon is used in the video as part of the closed system setup. It is placed over the flask to capture the gases produced by the reaction between vinegar and baking soda. The balloon serves to contain the gases, allowing for a more accurate measurement of the system's mass after the reaction.

💡Forces

Forces, particularly gravity and pressure, are mentioned in the video to explain the difference in mass measurements. The video explains that the upward pressure from the gases can affect the mass reading on the scale, illustrating the complex interplay between chemical reactions and physical forces.

Highlights

Introduction to the law of conservation of mass, stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Comparison of open and closed systems to observe the law of conservation of mass.

Definition of an open system where matter and energy can leave the system, exemplified by not sealing a flask.

Definition of a closed system where matter and energy cannot leave, using a balloon as a seal.

Materials needed for the experiment: vinegar, baking soda, a spoon, a scale, and a cup.

Procedure for the closed system experiment, including measuring the initial mass.

Observation of the chemical reaction between vinegar and baking soda, causing the balloon to expand.

Explanation of the difference in mass after the reaction in the closed system, attributing it to pressure changes.

Procedure for the open system experiment, including measuring the mass of the flask, vinegar, and baking soda.

Observation of the chemical reaction in the open system, noting the escape of gases into the surrounding air.

Calculation of the mass of baking soda used in the open system experiment by subtracting the mass of the cup.

Final mass measurement of the open system after the reaction, showing a decrease due to gases leaving the system.

Conclusion on the difference between open and closed systems in the context of the law of conservation of mass.

Practical demonstration of the law of conservation of mass through a hands-on science experiment.

Educational value of the experiment in understanding the behavior of mass in chemical reactions.