Trick To Draw Structure Of Nitrogen Bases‌ | Purine And Pyrimidine

CHEMISTRY WITH PARESH

2 Feb 202103:45

Summary

TLDRThis educational video teaches viewers how to draw the complex structure of nitrogen bases in DNA. It simplifies the process by breaking down the structure into two types of nitrogen bases: purines and pyrimidines. The video explains the structure of adenine and guanine, which are purines, and cytosine, thymine, and uracil, which are pyrimidines. It uses mnemonics like 'Delhi Indore Gharaana Ke Last Me Noida' to remember the positions of nitrogen in the bases and provides a step-by-step guide to drawing the structures, including adding oxygen and amino groups at specific positions. The video encourages viewers to like, share, and subscribe for more such informative content.

Takeaways

🔬 The video is a tutorial on how to draw the structure of nitrogen bases, which are complex and require certain tricks to simplify the process.
🧬 There are two types of nitrogen bases: purines and pyrimidines, with purines further divided into adenine and guanine, and pyrimidines into cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
📚 The script introduces a mnemonic to remember the structure: 'Delhi Indore Gharaana Ke Last Me Noida Raha Hai', which helps in visualizing the nitrogen number, rings, and positions.
✂️ For purines, the mnemonic suggests cutting the right side part of the nitrogen number ring structure, while for pyrimidines, it involves adding oxygen at specific positions.
🔄 The video explains how to remember the positions of nitrogen in adenine (1379) and guanine (143) using the terms 'dial' and 'end'.
🖌️ The tutorial covers the process of adding an amino group to the sixth position of the nitrogen number ring structure, which is crucial for drawing the structure of purines.
🔄 For pyrimidines, the tutorial explains how to draw the six-member ring structure and add oxygen at the second position.
📝 The script emphasizes the importance of repeating the process for all structures and adding NH2 groups at the head position of cytosine.
🎨 The video provides a method to easily draw the structure of thymine by copying the structure of cytosine and adding a methyl group at the fifth position.
👍 The video encourages viewers to like, share, and subscribe if they find the tricks helpful for drawing the structures of nitrogen bases.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is learning tricks to draw the structure of nitrogen bases.
What are the two types of microjins mentioned in the script?
-The two types of microjins mentioned are 'Purine' and 'Pyrimidine'.
What are the two types of Purine bases discussed in the video?
-The two types of Purine bases discussed are 'Adenine' and 'Guanine'.
How many types of Pyrimidine bases are there according to the script?
-There are three types of Pyrimidine bases: 'Cytosine', 'Uracil', and 'Thymine'.
What is the significance of the term 'Cytosine' in the context of the video?
-In the context of the video, 'Cytosine' is one of the three types of Pyrimidine bases.
What does the term 'Adenine' represent in the video script?
-The term 'Adenine' represents one of the two types of Purine bases.
What is the trick mentioned for remembering the structure of Purine bases?
-The trick for remembering the structure of Purine bases is to visualize 'Delhi Indore Gharaana Ke Last Me Noida', which helps in remembering the nitrogen number, rings, and the position of the bases.
How many nitrogens does 'Nitrogen Top Urine' have according to the script?
-According to the script, 'Nitrogen Top Urine' has four nitrogens, which are at position 1379.
What is the difference in the number of nitrogens between 'Nitrogen Top Urine' and 'Print Media' as per the video?
-While 'Nitrogen Top Urine' has four nitrogens at position 1379, 'Print Media' has only two nitrogens at position 143.
What is the process described for drawing the structure of Adenine in the video?
-The process involves adding an 'Adenine group' at the hit position of the nitrogen number ring structure, which is the sixth position.
What is the trick for drawing the structure of Guanine as mentioned in the video?
-The trick for drawing the structure of Guanine is to move the MM group from the sixth position to the two position and add an oxygen at the sixth position.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Understanding Nitrogen Base Structures

This paragraph introduces the topic of the video, which is about learning to draw the structure of nitrogen bases. It mentions that nitrogen bases have complex structures, and the video aims to teach some tricks to make drawing them easier. The speaker outlines that there are two types of nitrogen bases: purines and pyrimidines, with purines further divided into adenine and guanine, and pyrimidines into cytosine, thymine, and uracil. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of understanding the basic structure of purines and the mono-cyclic structure of pyrimidines. It also introduces the concept of nitrogen number rings and how to remember the positions of nitrogen in different bases, using mnemonics like 'Delhi Indore Gurgaon Noida' to remember the nitrogen positions in the purine structure.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Nitrogen Base

A nitrogen base, also known as a nucleobase, is a nitrogen-containing component of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. In the context of the video, the script discusses the structure of nitrogen bases, specifically adenine and guanine, which are two of the four bases found in DNA. The video aims to teach viewers how to draw the structures of these bases, which is crucial for understanding DNA and RNA.

💡Purine

Purine is one of the two bases in nucleic acids, the other being pyrimidine. It is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. In the video, purine is mentioned as one of the types of nitrogen bases, with adenine being a type of purine base. The script explains how to draw the structure of purines, which is an essential part of learning about DNA and RNA.

💡Pyrimidine

Pyrimidine is another base found in nucleic acids, alongside purine. It is also a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. The script discusses the structure of pyrimidines, including cytosine and thymine, which are essential for understanding the structure of DNA. The video provides tricks to help viewers draw the pyrimidine structure easily.

💡Adenine

Adenine is a nitrogenous base, and a nucleoside is formed from it attached to a ribose sugar. It is one of the four nucleobases in DNA and RNA. The video script mentions adenine as a type of purine and provides a trick to remember its structure, which involves adding an amino group at the sixth position of the nitrogen number ring structure.

💡Guanine

Guanine is another purine base found in DNA and RNA. It is one of the four nucleobases, and it pairs with cytosine in DNA. The video script discusses the structure of guanine and provides a trick to remember its structure by moving the amino group from the sixth position to the second position.

💡Cytosine

Cytosine is a pyrimidine base and one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA. It pairs with guanine in DNA. The video script mentions cytosine as part of the pyrimidine structure and provides a method to draw its structure, which involves adding an oxygen at the sixth position.

💡Thymine

Thymine is a pyrimidine nucleobase found only in DNA, not in RNA, where it is replaced by uracil. It pairs with adenine in DNA. The video script does not explicitly mention thymine, but it is implied as part of the pyrimidine structure that the video aims to teach.

💡Nitrogen Numbering

Nitrogen numbering refers to the systematic labeling of nitrogen atoms in the structure of nucleobases. The video script uses nitrogen numbering to help viewers remember the structure of the bases, such as adenine and guanine, by mentioning the positions of nitrogen atoms in their structures.

💡Amino Group

An amino group is a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. In the context of the video, the script discusses adding an amino group to the nitrogen base structure to form adenine and how its position changes in guanine, which is crucial for understanding the structure of these bases.

💡Oxidation State

The oxidation state of an atom is the charge of the atom in a compound. The video script refers to the oxidation state when discussing the position of nitrogen atoms in the bases, which is important for understanding the structure and bonding of the bases in DNA and RNA.

💡Drawing Techniques

The video script provides drawing techniques and tricks to help viewers draw the structures of nitrogen bases. These techniques are essential for visualizing and understanding the complex structures of DNA and RNA, which are fundamental to molecular biology.

Highlights

Introduction to the video on drawing the structure of nitrogen bases.

Explanation of the complexity of nitrogen base structures.

Different types of nitrogen bases: purine and pyrimidine.

Purine bases are of two types: adenine and guanine.

Pyrimidine bases are of three types: cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

Method to remember the structure of purine and pyrimidine bases.

Mnemonic for nitrogen numbering in bases: Delhi Indore Gharaana Ke Last Me Noida.

Explanation of the nitrogen numbering in the context of the video.

Differentiating between nitrogen bases in terms of their nitrogen positions.

How to remember the nitrogen positions in the context of the video.

Learning the structure of adenine by adding an amino group at the sixth position.

Understanding the movement of the amino group in guanine to the second position.

Adding an oxygen group at the sixth position in guanine.

Drawing the structure of pyrimidine bases with a six-member ring.

Adding oxygen to the second position in the pyrimidine structure.

Instructions for drawing the structure of cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

Copying the structure of cytosine and adding a methyl group at the fifth position.

Encouragement to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for more such content.