Anatomy and physiology of Respiratory system

Summary

This educational video explores the human respiratory system, a vital organ system responsible for inhalation and exhalation, facilitating the exchange of approximately 11,000 liters of air daily. It delves into the anatomy and physiology, distinguishing between the upper and lower respiratory systems, and details the structures from the nasal cavity to the lungs. The video explains the process of gas exchange in the alveoli and how oxygen is transported via the bloodstream to cells, with carbon dioxide being expelled. It also touches on the involuntary regulation of breathing by the brain, influenced by metabolic needs and activities like talking and coughing.

Takeaways

• 🌟 The human respiratory system is essential for inhalation, external and internal respiration, and phonation.
• 👥 We breathe approximately 16,000 to 24,000 times a day, exchanging about 11,000 liters of air with the atmosphere.
• 🔍 The respiratory system comprises the upper respiratory system (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx) and the lower respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs).
• 🦴 Key bones in the nasal cavity include the maxilla, ethmoid, and vomer, which support the structure of the nose.
• 🌀 The pharynx is a muscular and membranous tube that serves as part of the digestive and respiratory tracts.
• 🗣️ The larynx is a complex organ with dual functions: as a passageway to the lungs and as the organ of voice production.
• 🌿 The lungs are located within the thoracic cage, with the right lung being larger and having three lobes compared to the left lung's two lobes.
• 💨 Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, involves the movement of air in and out of the lungs, facilitated by the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
• 🩸 Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries, while carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli for exhalation.
• 🧠 Breathing is regulated involuntarily by the brain, with the rate and depth adjusted according to metabolic needs and signals from chemoreceptors in the blood.
• 🏃‍♂️ Actions like talking, sneezing, and coughing can temporarily alter the breathing pattern.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the human respiratory system?

The human respiratory system is essential for inhalation and exhalation, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere.

How many times do we breathe in a day on average?

We breathe approximately 16,000 to 24,000 times a day.

What is the total volume of air exchanged with the atmosphere in a day?

The total volume of air exchanged with the atmosphere in a day is about 11,000 liters.

What are the two main parts of the human respiratory system?

The human respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system.

What are the components of the upper respiratory system?

The upper respiratory system includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

What is the role of the larynx in the respiratory system?

The larynx serves as a passageway for air to the lungs and is also the organ of phonation.

How does the trachea contribute to the respiratory system?

The trachea extends from the larynx to the bronchi and is supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings, allowing it to change shape for food passage.

What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Alveoli are the sites where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.

Describe the process of pulmonary ventilation.

Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs, involving the inhalation of oxygen-rich air and the exhalation of carbon dioxide-rich air.

How does oxygen from the inhaled air reach the body's tissues?

Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries, binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and is then transported to the body's tissues.

What regulates the rate and depth of breathing in the body?

Breathing is regulated by the brain, specifically the pons and the medulla oblongata, which adjust the rate and depth in response to metabolic needs and signals from chemoreceptors.

Outlines

00:00

🫁 Introduction to the Human Respiratory System

This paragraph introduces the human respiratory system, emphasizing its vital role in inhalation and respiration. It highlights the system's ability to facilitate the exchange of approximately 11,000 liters of air daily, crucial for delivering oxygen to tissues and expelling carbon dioxide. The video promises to cover the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, gas transportation, and regulation. The upper respiratory system, consisting of the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, is described, along with the lower respiratory system, which includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. The paragraph also touches on the structure of the larynx and the significance of the alveoli in gas exchange.

05:01

🔄 Gas Transportation and Respiratory Regulation

This paragraph delves into the process of gas transportation within the body. It explains how oxygen from the inhaled air moves into the bloodstream via the alveoli, and how carbon dioxide is transferred from the bloodstream back into the alveoli to be exhaled. The role of hemoglobin in binding oxygen and the process of internal respiration are also discussed. The paragraph concludes with an overview of how breathing is regulated by the brain, with the medulla oblongata and pons controlling the respiratory center. It mentions that the breathing rate adjusts to meet metabolic demands and can be temporarily altered by actions like talking, sneezing, and coughing.

Keywords

💡Respiratory System

The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures that allow an organism to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. In the context of the video, the respiratory system is described as one of the most vital organ systems in the human body, responsible for inhalation and exhalation, which are essential for life. The video emphasizes its role in facilitating the exchange of gases between the body and the atmosphere.

💡Inhalation

Inhalation refers to the process of taking in air, which contains oxygen, into the lungs. The video mentions that during inhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, causing the ribcage to elevate and allowing air to rush in. This process is a fundamental part of the respiratory cycle, enabling the body to receive oxygen necessary for cellular respiration.

💡Exhalation

Exhalation is the act of expelling air, rich in carbon dioxide, from the lungs. As described in the video, during exhalation, the muscles involved in inhalation relax, which results in the expulsion of air. This is a critical process for removing waste gases produced by the body's metabolic activities.

💡Pulmonary Ventilation

Pulmonary ventilation, also known as breathing, is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. The video script explains that this process is facilitated by the contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is a key component of the respiratory system's function.

💡Alveoli

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. The video highlights that there are hundreds of millions of alveoli within each lung, which are surrounded by a network of blood vessels. This is where the critical gas exchange happens, allowing oxygen to diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be removed.

💡Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. The video explains that oxygen from the inhaled air binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs), which then delivers it to the body's tissues. This is a vital process for ensuring that all cells receive the oxygen they need for energy production.

💡Chemoreceptors

Chemoreceptors are specialized cells that detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The video script mentions that these sensors send signals to the brain when the body uses more oxygen, prompting an increase in the rate of breathing. This feedback mechanism helps regulate respiration to meet the body's metabolic demands.

💡Medulla Oblongata

The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that plays a crucial role in controlling involuntary functions, including respiration. As explained in the video, the medulla, along with the pons, transmits nerve impulses to the respiratory center, regulating the rate and depth of breathing. This is essential for maintaining the body's respiratory homeostasis.

💡Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a muscular and fibrous structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a key role in breathing. The video describes how the diaphragm contracts during inhalation, helping to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and draw air into the lungs. It is a critical muscle for the process of pulmonary ventilation.

💡Bronchi

Bronchi are the main air passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs. The video script explains that there are two bronchi, one for each lung, which further divide into smaller bronchioles. These structures are essential for conducting air into and out of the lungs, facilitating the respiratory process.

💡Internal Respiration

Internal respiration refers to the process by which oxygen is delivered to cells and carbon dioxide is removed within the body. The video mentions that after oxygen is absorbed into the blood by RBCs containing hemoglobin, it is transported to body tissues where it is released and utilized. Simultaneously, waste carbon dioxide diffuses into the bloodstream and is carried back to the lungs for expulsion. This process is crucial for cellular metabolism and energy production.

Highlights

The human respiratory system is vital for inhalation and respiration.

We breathe about 16,000 to 24,000 times a day.

The respiratory system exchanges approximately 11,000 liters of air daily.

The anatomy of the respiratory system includes the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

The upper respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

The lower respiratory system includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.

The trachea is supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings.

There are two lungs, with the right lung being larger and having three lobes, while the left has two.

Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange within the lungs, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.

Pulmonary ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Breathing is regulated by the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves into the alveoli.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBC) binds to oxygen, which is then transported throughout the body.

Internal respiration involves the delivery of oxygen to cells and removal of carbon dioxide.

The deoxygenated blood returns to the lungs where carbon dioxide is expelled.

Breathing is an involuntary function regulated by the brain, specifically the pons and medulla oblongata.

The body adjusts the rate and depth of breathing in response to metabolic needs.

Chemoreceptors in the blood send signals to the brain to increase the rate of breathing when more oxygen is needed.

Activities like talking, sneezing, and coughing can temporarily alter the breathing pattern.

Transcripts

[Music]

hey viewers welcome to sign technology

in this video we will study about the

human respiratory system human

respiratory system is one of the most

vital organ system of the body that

support one motor of inhalation external

and internal respiration all fiction and

phonation

we breathe about 16,000 to 24,000 times

a day with the exchange of about 11,000

liter of air with the atmosphere in this

process the oxygen of the atmospheric

air is delivered to the human body which

is then utilized by the tissue and the

carbon dioxide which is produced by the

human body is exported to the lungs if

you enjoy my video be sure to hit the

subscribe button and hit the bell icon

to make sure you can get notified when I

upload a new video in this video we will

first talk about the brief anatomy and

physiology of the respiratory system

then we will discuss how the gases

transportation occurs and later we will

talk about how the respiratory

regulation occurs in the human body so

first coming to the anatomy and

physiology of the respiratory system the

human respiratory system has two part

the upper respiratory system and the

lower respiratory system the upper

respiratory system consists nasal cavity

pharynx and larynx air entering the

nacelle cavity flows through the passage

created by the superior middle and

inferior nacelle konkey frontal maxilla

muscle ethmoid and vomer are the five

bones of the nussle cavity that form a

framework that support the nose the

pharynx is a muscular membranous tube

that function as a part of elementary

canal and as an airway in the upper

respiratory system pharynx consists of

three region and they are nestled

fairings oropharynx and let me go

Farren's the larynx is an organ of

complex structure that serve as a dual

function

as an ear canal to the lung and as the

organ of Phoenicians these little

framework of the larynx consists of

cartilages connected by the membranes

the lower respiratory system consists

trachea bronchi bronchioles and lungs

the trachea extend from the larynx to

the upper broader of the t5 vertebra

where it branches to form bronchi the

trachea is supported by a series of C

shaped cartilaginous ring that allow the

trachea to change shape to accommodate

masses of the food passes through the

esophagus the bronchi are the air

passage into the lung that begins at the

end of the trachea there are two bronchi

one for each lung the bronchi divide and

Rea divide to form a bronchioles

there are two learns in the human body

which are located inside the thoracic

cage the right lung is bigger than the

left the right lung has three lobes and

the left has two there are hundreds of

millions of alveoli exist inside each

lung this alveoli are the ASX sounded by

the network of blood vessels that

provide space for gases exchange

now let's see how the gas is

transportation take place in our body

during normal inhalation air containing

oxygen passes through the nose and mouth

to the lungs during normal exhalation

air containing carbon dioxide and other

ways passes out the same path

this process of moving air in and out of

the lung is called pulmonary ventilation

or breathing during normal inhalation

the diaphragm and the external costal

muscles contract and a ribcage elevate

as a result air rushes in but during the

normal acceleration the muscle relax so

air is expelled out inside the lungs

oxygen from the air is exchanged for the

waste carbon dioxide from the

bloodstream this process take place in

alveoli oxygen from inhaled air diffuses

from the alveoli into the pulmonary

capillaries and the carbon dioxide from

oxygen-depleted blood diffuses from the

capillaries into the alveoli now the

bloodstream deliver oxygen to cells and

remove the carbon dioxide through the

process of internal respiration in the

lungs

oxygen is absorbed into the blood by RBC

containing hemoglobin oxygen bind to

this molecule the oxygenated blood then

moves through the pus culture within the

body tissue the RBC release oxygen which

then diffuse through the capillary wall

into the tissue meanwhile the waste

carbon dioxide diffuses into the

bloodstream where it is carried inside

the RBC and plasma now the deoxygenated

blood travels through vas culture and

back to the lungs where carbon dioxide

is expelled out from the body

now let's see how breathing is regulated

by our brain respiration is an

involuntary function nerve impulse is

transmitted by the pons and the medulla

oblongata to the respiratory center the

rate of normal breathing is 12 to 15

breathe per minute the body adjusts the

rate and depth of the normal breathing

in response to metabolic needs

when the body uses more oxygen sensor in

the blood called chemoreceptor sends the

signals to the brain

so the rate of breathing increases

action including talking sneezing and

coughing can also alter breathing

pattern for the short period of time

[Music]