Kurikulum Merdeka Rangkuman IPS Kelas 9 Tema 2

Summary

This educational video delves into the development of the economy and digital finance, starting from the origins of money with barter systems to the modern concept of electronic money. It explains the evolution of currency, the functions of money, and introduces financial institutions like banks and non-bank financial institutions. The script also covers the impact of technology on trade activities, the rise of e-commerce, digital payment systems, and the importance of financial literacy for responsible money management. It concludes with the significance of being a responsible netizen in the digital age.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the development of the economy and digital finance, starting from the origins of currency and the evolution of financial institutions.
• 🏛 The script explains the transition from barter systems to the use of money, highlighting the historical progression from commodity money to metal coins and eventually to paper money and electronic money.
• 💼 It introduces the concept of financial institutions, dividing them into banks and non-bank financial institutions, and explaining their roles in society and the economy.
• 🏦 The video describes the different types of banks, including Central Banks, Commercial Banks, and People's Credit Banks, each with specific functions related to monetary stability, payment services, and credit provision.
• 📜 The script mentions the transformation of gold-backed paper certificates into fiat money, especially during the financial crisis of the 1970s, leading to the current system where money is not backed by gold.
• 📊 The video outlines the types and functions of money, including its forms such as cash and electronic money, and its roles as a medium of exchange and a unit of account.
• 🌐 The concept of a 'network society' is introduced, describing the shift from industrial to information societies and the impact of technology on communication and individual lifestyles.
• 🛒 E-commerce is explained as the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet, supported by digital networks and offering various benefits such as convenience and competitive pricing.
• 💳 The video discusses modern payment systems, including both traditional cash transactions and electronic payments facilitated by fintech companies and various digital wallets.
• 🔒 The importance of being a responsible 'netizen' is emphasized, advocating for respect, education, and protection in digital interactions to ensure data security.
• 💡 Financial literacy is highlighted as essential for understanding and managing personal finances effectively, covering aspects like economic transactions, income, spending, saving, and recognizing financial practices.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the development of the economy, particularly focusing on the evolution of money and financial institutions.

What was the initial method of exchange before the concept of money was known?

The initial method of exchange before the concept of money was known was the barter system, where goods were directly exchanged for other goods without the use of currency.

How did the form of money evolve over time according to the script?

The form of money evolved from being a valuable commodity like shells, salt, and beads to precious metals like gold and silver. It then transformed into paper money backed by gold, and eventually into electronic money without any physical form.

What is the role of a central bank as mentioned in the script?

The role of a central bank, as mentioned in the script, is to maintain the stability of the currency, the banking sector, and the financial system within the country.

What are the two main types of financial institutions discussed in the script?

The two main types of financial institutions discussed in the script are banks and non-bank financial institutions.

What is the term for the new social structure characterized by the shift from industrial to information production?

The term for the new social structure characterized by the shift from industrial to information production is 'Network Society'.

What are the three principles that Mike Ribel suggests for good digital citizenship?

The three principles suggested by Mike Ribel for good digital citizenship are respect, educate, and protect.

What is the term 'netizen' short for, and what does it mean?

The term 'netizen' is short for 'net citizen', meaning an individual who is a member of the online community or internet.

What is e-commerce, and how does it benefit from the internet?

E-commerce is the activity of buying and selling goods and services through electronic media, which benefits from the internet by providing a platform for various trading activities and making transactions more accessible and efficient.

What is Fintech, and what are some examples mentioned in the script?

Fintech is a portmanteau of 'financial technology', and it refers to modern financial services companies that use technology to make banking and other financial services more accessible. Examples mentioned in the script include Modalku, CekAja, Amarta, Peritrans, GoPay, and others.

How is financial literacy defined in the script, and why is it important?

Financial literacy is defined in the script as the ability to understand and apply knowledge about financial management in daily life. It is important to ensure that individuals can use their money and wealth wisely and appropriately.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Economic Development and Digital Currency

This paragraph introduces the topic of economic development and the evolution of digital currency. It starts with a discussion on the origins of money, explaining the transition from bartering to the use of physical currency like gold and silver. The script then delves into the concept of paper money backed by gold and its transformation into fiat money, especially during the financial crisis of the 1970s. It also touches on the latest form of currency, electronic money, and its various forms and functions, including its role as a medium of exchange and a unit of account. The paragraph concludes with an overview of financial institutions, highlighting the role of banks in collecting and distributing funds to improve public welfare.

05:01

🏦 Financial Institutions and the Impact of Technology on Trade

This paragraph provides an in-depth look at financial institutions, particularly banks, and their various types based on function, operational form, and ownership. It explains the role of the Central Bank in maintaining monetary stability and the banking system, as well as the functions of commercial banks and people's credit banks. The paragraph also discusses non-bank financial institutions, such as leasing companies, insurance companies, pension funds, and cooperatives. It then explores the concept of a 'network society' as introduced by Manuel Castells, characterized by individualization and widespread communication networks. The paragraph concludes with the impact of technological advancements on trade activities, leading to the emergence of e-commerce and digital payment systems, including the role of fintech companies in modernizing financial transactions.

10:02

🛡 Principles of Digital Interaction and Modern Payment Methods

This paragraph focuses on the principles of respectful, educated, and protective behavior in the digital world, as outlined by Mike Ribel. It emphasizes the importance of being a responsible netizen and understanding the implications of online interactions. The script then discusses the evolution of payment systems from traditional cash transactions to electronic methods, facilitated by fintech companies and digital wallets. It provides examples of non-cash payment instruments such as checks, credit cards, debit cards, and electronic money stored on cards or servers, accessible through smartphones or computers. The paragraph also highlights the significance of financial literacy in managing personal finances effectively and responsibly.

Keywords

💡Economy

Economy refers to the system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. In the video, the development of the economy is discussed in the context of digital advancements, highlighting how economic activities have evolved with the introduction of digital technologies and financial systems.

💡Barter System

The barter system is a method of trade where goods or services are directly exchanged without the use of money. The script mentions that before the emergence of currency, societies relied on barter systems for trade, which were later replaced by more complex monetary systems.

💡Currency

Currency is a medium of exchange, typically in the form of coins and banknotes, used to facilitate transactions. The video script explains the historical development of currency from its earliest forms as valuable goods like shells and salt to the modern concept of electronic money.

💡Gold Standard

The gold standard is a monetary system where a country's currency or paper money has a value directly linked to gold. The script refers to the concept of paper money backed by gold reserves, which was a common practice until the financial crises of the 1970s when the system was abandoned in favor of fiat money.

💡Fiat Money

Fiat money is a type of currency that is not backed by a physical commodity like gold but rather by the trust and credit of the issuing government. The video explains that fiat money, such as the US dollar, became the norm after the abandonment of the gold standard, relying on the economic stability and trust in the government.

💡Financial Institutions

Financial institutions are organizations that manage financial transactions, such as banks, credit unions, and investment firms. The script discusses different types of financial institutions, including banks and non-bank financial institutions, and their roles in providing financial services to the public.

💡Central Bank

A central bank is the main financial institution of a country, responsible for monetary policy, regulation, and oversight of the financial system. The video script mentions the central bank's role in maintaining the stability of the currency, banking sector, and financial system.

💡E-commerce

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services using the internet and other digital technologies. The video explains the rise of e-commerce as a result of advancements in digital technology, offering various benefits such as convenience, a wide range of products, and competitive pricing.

💡Fintech

Fintech is a portmanteau of 'financial technology' and refers to companies that use technology to make financial services more accessible and efficient. The script mentions fintech companies as providers of electronic payment systems, offering innovative financial solutions that compete with traditional banking services.

💡Digital Payment

Digital payment refers to the transfer of funds or assets through electronic means rather than physical currency. The video discusses various forms of digital payment, including e-wallets and online banking, which have become increasingly popular due to their convenience and security.

💡Financial Literacy

Financial literacy is the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including budgeting, saving, and investing. The video emphasizes the importance of financial literacy for individuals to manage their finances wisely and make informed decisions about their economic activities.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of economic development in the digital era for 9th-grade PS curriculum.

Historical evolution of currency from barter system to the concept of money.

The emergence of precious metals like gold and silver as a form of currency.

Transformation of gold-backed paper certificates into modern paper currency.

The 1970s financial crisis and the decoupling of currency from gold reserves.

Introduction to electronic money as the latest form of currency.

Classification of money based on form, material, and value.

Dual primary functions of money as a medium of exchange and a measure of value.

Exploration of financial institutions, their role, and types in Indonesia.

Definition and functions of a Central Bank in maintaining financial stability.

Differentiation between conventional and Islamic banks based on their operational systems.

Overview of non-bank financial institutions and their services.

Concept of Network Society introduced by Manuel Castells and its characteristics.

The role of 'netizens' and the principles of respect, educate, and protect in digital interactions.

The rise of e-commerce and its benefits in the digital age.

Different payment systems from traditional to modern electronic methods.

Fintech companies as providers of modern electronic payment services.

Categorization of modern payment methods into cash and non-cash transactions.

Examples of popular non-cash payment methods used in society.

Importance of financial literacy in managing personal finances wisely.

Six areas of focus for developing financial literacy among students.

Conclusion of the educational video with a call to like, comment, and subscribe.

Transcripts

[Musik]

Hai semuanya kembali lagi di channel

portal edukasi Pada kesempatan kali ini

kita akan membahas rangkuman materi PS

kelas 9 tema 2 yaitu tentang

perkembangan ekonomi

digital kita mulai dengan asal mula

terciptanya

uang sebelum kita masuk ke materi

lembaga keuangan tentu saja kita harus

mengenal lebih dalam tentang uang itu

sendiri ya kita tahu nih bahwa dahulu

itu belum dikenal namanya uang pada

dahulu kala masih menggunakan sistem

barter uang muncul seiring kebutuhan

untuk melakukan pertukaran yang lebih

kompleks atau rumit ketika cara-cara

barter dianggap sudah tidak bisa

diandalkan uang yang kita kenal saat ini

berbeda dengan uang yang dikenal pada

zaman

dahulu ada tahapan-tahapan bentuk uang

itu sendiri yaitu yang pertama uang

dalam bentuknya yang paling awal yaitu

berupa sebuah barang bernilai yang

ditetapkan sebagai alat tukar seperti

kerang garam dan manik-manik seiring

dengan berkembangnya teknologi

pengolahan logam mulia Sebagian besar

masyarakat mulai menyepakati logam mulia

sebagai uang di mana jenis yang paling

populer adalah emas dan perak kemudian

muncul konsep kertas penjamin emas di

mana emas yang bersangkutan disimpan di

suatu tempat yang aman dan pemiliknya

diberikan sebuah Sur surat yang

menunjukkan bukti kepemilikan atas emas

tersebut surat jaminan emas kemudian

bertransformasi menjadi uang kertas pada

tahun 1970-an saat terjadi krisis

keuangan mata uang Dolar masih menjadi

cadangan devisa atau kekayaan dari

setiap negara sehingga dikenallah fat

money atau uang kertas yang tidak lagi

dijamin oleh emas Nah yang paling

terbaru adalah uang

elektronik selanjutnya jenis dan fungsi

uang

jenis uang dapat kita lihat dari

berbagai aspek dari bentuknya dari bahan

pembuatnya berdasarkan wujudnya dan

berdasarkan nilainya kalau berdasarkan

bentuknya ada uang kartal dan uang giral

kalau berdasarkan bahan pembuatannya ada

uang kertas dan uang logam berdasarkan

wujudnya ada uang fisik dan uang

elektronik sedangkan berdasarkan

nilainya ada uang penuh dan uang tanda

selanjutnya terdapat dua fungsi asli

uang yaitu sebagai alat tukar dan alat

ukur nilai antara fungsi turunan uang

yaitu fungsi yang mengikuti perkembangan

uang sebagai alat tukar dan alat ukur

nilai selanjutnya baru kita masuk ke

lembaga

keuangan lembaga keuangan adalah lembaga

yang menyediakan Jasa Keuangan kepada

masyarakat di Indonesia lembaga keuangan

dibagi ke dalam lembaga keuangan bank

dan lembaga keuangan bukan bank Nah kita

bahas satu persatu ya kita mulai dulu

dengan lembaga keuangan bank

bank itu adalah badan usaha yang

menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam

bentuk simpanan dan menyalurkan kepada

masyarakat dalam bentuk kredit dan atau

bentuk-bentuk lainnya dalam rangka

meningkatkan taraf hidup rakyat banyak

Nah pengertian ini berdasarkan pasal 1

undang-undang Nomor 10 tahun 1998

tentang

perbankan di Indonesia terdapat banyak

jenis bank menurut fungsinya bentuk

operasional dan kepemilikannya

berdasarkan fungsi nya ada Bank Sentral

Bank umum dan bank perkreditan rakyat

Bank Sentral itu berfungsi menjaga

stabilitas nilai mata uang sektor

perbankan dan sistem finansial dalam

negeri kalau bank umum berfungsi

menyediakan jasa lalu lintas pembayaran

secara umum sedangkan bank perkreditan

rakyat berfungsi menyediakan dana untuk

pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat kecil dan

menengah berdasarkan bentuk

operasionalnya ada bank konvensional dan

Bank Syariah bank konvensional yaitu

bank yang beroperasi menggunakan sistem

pengaturan keuangan secara umum yaitu

menggunakan sistem bunga sedangkan bank

syariah bank yang beroperasi menggunakan

sistem pengaturan Syariah Islam yang

tidak menggunakan sistem bunga tetapi

sistem bagi

hasil kalau berdasarkan kepemilikannya

ada bank pemerintah bank swasta dan bank

asing Bank pemerintah yaitu bank yang

sebagian besar sahamnya dimiliki negara

baik di tingkat nasional maupun daerah

kalau bank swasta nasional yaitu bank

yang sebagian besar sahamnya dimiliki

oleh pihak swasta sedangkan bank asing

bank yang dimiliki oleh pihak pemerintah

atau swasta negara lain yang membuka

cabangnya di

Indonesia selanjutnya Lembaga keuangan

bukan

bank menurut keputusan Menteri Keuangan

nomor cap

38/ar

mk/4/ 1972 Lembaga keuangan bukan bank

atau yang disikat LK ABB merupakan

sebuah badan yang melakukan kegiatan

dalam hal keuangan baik secara langsung

maupun tidak langsung menghimpun dana

dari masyarakat dengan mengeluarkan

surat-surat berharga selanjutnya

menyalurkannya untuk pembiayaan

investasi perusahaan yang membutuhkan

pinjaman Berikut ini adalah beberapa

LKBB yang terdapat di Indonesia ada

perusahaan sew guna atau leasing

perusahaan asuransi perusahaan dana

pensiun berusah efek atau pasar modal

pegad serta

koperasi selanjutnya masyarakat

jaringan masyarakat jaringan bisa kita

sebut juga dengan Network Society

istilah tersebut pertama kali disebutkan

oleh Stin braton pada tahun 1981

kemudian diteliti lebih jauh oleh Manuel

castels gagasan yang dihasilkan oleh

manualel castels adalah masyarakat dunia

saat ini telah mengalami perubahan

sosial seiring dengan perkembangan dari

era industri menuju era informasi dari

produksi barang material menuju produksi

informasi dan

pengetahuan struktur masyarakat pada era

baru inilah yang ia sebut sebagai

masyarakat jaringan menurut castels

jaringan adalah simpul komunikasi di

antara setiap individu yang semakin

rumit seiring dengan kemajuan di bidang

teknologi

komunikasi ciri dari masyarakat jaringan

menurut Jan vanjig yaitu adanya

individualisasi adanya gaya hidup yang

dinamis adanya jejaring koneksi yang

tersebar secara geografis atau

pemerataan akses komunikasi di hampir

seluruh

wilayah selanjutnya menerapkan prinsip

Interaksi yang tepat di dunia

digital Kalian pasti sudah tidak asing

dengan istilah netizen ya tahu enggak

sih Apa singkatan dari netizen netizen

itu singkatan dari net Citizen yang

artinya warga internet kalau di kita sih

biasanya disebut dengan warga net ya

tentu saja sebagai netizen yang baik

kita harus menerapkan tiga prinsip yang

disampaikan oleh Mike ribel ketika

berinteraksi dalam dunia digital nah

tiga prinsip itu adalah respect educate

dan protect respect yaitu menghargai

kita harus menghargai satu sama lain ya

kalau educate ya harus terdidik Artinya

kita harus memiliki pemahaman yang baik

tentang apa yang kita lakukan di

internet kalau protect itu perlindungan

kita harus bisa saling menjaga keamanan

data agar tidak disolahgunakan oleh

orang

lain selanjutnya dampak kemajuan

teknologi terhadap aktivitas

perdagangan seiring meluasnya skala

perdagangan berbagai aplikasi digital

kemudian bermunculan untuk menyediakan

beragam sarana perdagangan melalui media

internet Nah inilah asal mula munculnya

e-commerce atau electronic commerce

e-commerce adalah kegiatan jual beli

barang dan jasa melalui media elektronik

yang saat ini didukung oleh jaringan

internet

n ada beberapa keuntungan dari

e-commerce itu sendiri yaitu memiliki

produk dan layanan yang bervariasi

memperpendek jalur distribusi memiliki

kemudahan pembayaran mempermudah belanja

kapanpun dan di manapun serta memiliki

harga yang

bersaing selanjutnya sistem

pembayaran sistem pembayaran adalah cara

melakukan pembayaran atas suatu

transaksi tentu saja sistem pembayaran

tradisional dua pihak yang saling

bertransaksi si itu harus bertemu secara

langsung seiring perkembangan yang

terjadi sistem pembayaran sekarang itu

lebih banyak beralih ke Media elektronik

baik melalui layanan perbankan maupun

menggunakan dompet

elektronik penyedia sistem pembayaran

elektronik adalah bank dan

lembaga-lembaga keuangan modern yang

dikenal sebagai perusahaan fintech

fintech adalah singkatan dari financial

technology contoh fintek yaitu modalku

cek aja Amarta peritrans gopay dan

lain-lain

selanjutnya alat pembayaran

modern alat pembayaran dalam sebuah

transaksi kita bisa kategorikan menjadi

dua ada pembayaran tunai dan non tunai

kalau alat pembayaran tunai adalah alat

pembayaran yang berupa uang secara fisik

yang berbentuk uang kartal seperti uang

kertas dan uang

logam kalau alat pembayaran non tunai

adalah alat pembayaran yang menggunakan

media tertentu sebagai pengganti uang

fisik uang non tunai dapat berupa uang

giral dan uang elektronik Berikut ini

adalah beberapa alat pembayaran non

tunai berupa uang giral yang populer

digunakan oleh masyarakat yang pertama

cek yang kedua giro yang ketiga kartu

kredit yang keempat kartu

debit kocek dan Giro itu menggunakan

blangko surat tertulis yang perlu

ditandatangani sementara kartu kredit

dan kartu debit itu menggunakan ATM atau

automatic teller mesine atau anjungan

tunai Mandiri dan mesin EDC yaitu

electronic data capture untuk melakukan

berbagai keperluan transaksi kalau uang

elektronik itu adalah uang digital yang

disimpan dalam sebuah cip kartu atau

server penyedia jasa yang dapat diakses

melalui aplikasi smartphone atau

komputer contoh uang elektronik di

Indonesia ada Ovo gopay dana link aja

flash BCA brizy dan

lain-lain selanjutnya literasi

finansial literasi finansial adalah

kemampuan dalam memahami dan menerapkan

pengetahuan mengenai pengelolaan

keuangan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari

literasi finansial diperlukan untuk

memastikan seseorang agar dapat

menggunakan uang serta kekayaan yang

dimilikinya dengan tepat dan

bijak Kita sebagai pelajar dapat

mempelajari dan mengembangkan kemampuan

literasi finansial dalam enam cakupan

yaitu memiliki pemahaman tentang

transaksi ekonomi dan beragam jenis

praktiknya mengenai mengenali pemasukan

atau earning mengelola pengeluaran atau

spending merencana merancang tabungan

atau saving merancang alokasi berbagi

atau sharing dan mengenali praktik tidak

baik dan kejahatan

finansial Nah ya mungkin Cukup sekian

terima kasih telah menyimak video

pembelajaran hingga selesai semoga

bermanfaat kita semua jangan lupa like

Comment and subscribe