How to get a job in human-computer interaction (HCI)

Summary

In this episode of 'Design Discipline,' Mahmoud Aidan Baitash delves into the world of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), exploring its essence as a scientific field and its manifestation in everyday life. He discusses the challenges of entering the HCI profession and emphasizes the necessity of a strong foundation in computer science, coupled with expertise in social sciences or humanities. Baitash also highlights the interdisciplinary nature of HCI, its evolution through 'waves' of intellectual movements, and the importance of academic research in the field.

Takeaways

• 📚 Saint Thomas Aquinas believed that everything has an essence and existence, with God being the only entity where these are identical.
• 💻 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a prevalent phenomenon in modern life, involving any interaction with digital technology, not just traditional computers.
• 🔍 HCI as a scientific discipline is distinct from the broader phenomenon of using computers and focuses on analyzing and designing interactions.
• 👨‍🏫 Mahmoud Aidan Baitash, a scholar of design and technology, emphasizes the importance of HCI in defining modern human life and culture.
• 🚀 There is significant interest in HCI as a profession, with many seeking jobs in this field, yet it remains a relatively small and challenging industry to enter.
• 🧠 A common challenge for those entering HCI is the lack of a clear mental model of the field, which can lead to misunderstandings about its scope and practices.
• 🏢 The actual profession of HCI is quite niche, primarily existing within academic and scientific research, rather than in business roles.
• 🎓 To succeed in HCI, one needs a strong foundation in computer science, as well as competence in social sciences or humanities, including design disciplines.
• 🔬 HCI researchers are expected to engage in academic practices such as reading and writing research papers, attending conferences, and potentially teaching.
• 🌐 HCI's interdisciplinary nature, combining computer science with social sciences and humanities, allows for a broad and inclusive approach to understanding technology.
• 🛠 While HCI has its roots in computer science, it has evolved to include methodologies from various fields, making it a diverse and complex discipline.

Q & A

What is the core argument of Saint Thomas Aquinas regarding essence and existence?

Saint Thomas Aquinas argues that everything has an essence, which is its ideal at its core, and an existence, which is its manifestation in the real world. According to Aquinas, the only entity in the universe whose essence and existence are identical is God.

What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?

Human-Computer Interaction, or HCI, refers to the study, planning, and design of the interaction between people and computers. It is both a phenomenon, as we interact with computers in many aspects of our daily lives, and a scientific and professional field where people analyze and design these interactions.

Why is HCI considered a relevant field in today's digital age?

HCI is relevant because most of our activities today involve interaction with computers and digital devices. It is a defining feature of modern human life and culture, making it essential in the context of design, innovation, and computer science.

What is the difference between HCI as a phenomenon and HCI as a scientific discipline?

HCI as a phenomenon refers to the everyday interactions people have with computers and digital technology. HCI as a scientific discipline is a professional field where researchers analyze, study, and design these interactions to improve usability, accessibility, and overall user experience.

Why is it challenging for newcomers to understand HCI as a scientific field?

It is challenging because many people do not have a clear mental model of HCI as a scientific field. They may understand the phenomenon of using computers but do not grasp the boundaries and landscape of HCI in terms of its existential facts and academic rigor.

What are some common misconceptions about the profession of HCI?

A common misconception is that there are many job positions with 'HCI' in the title in the business world, like 'HCI designer' or 'HCI manager'. In reality, such positions are rare and typically only exist at large tech companies with significant research budgets.

What are the typical responsibilities of a professional HCI researcher?

A professional HCI researcher is more of an analyst, critic, teacher, philosopher, and sometimes a project manager than a designer or developer. Their job involves reading and writing research papers, engaging with the academic world, and possibly teaching courses, rather than hands-on design or development.

What is the relationship between HCI and computer science?

HCI is a part of computer science that builds on social sciences and humanities. It is defined by the conferences and journals produced by organizations like ACM and IEEE, which are rooted in computer science and engineering.

What are the three waves of intellectual movements that define the history and evolution of HCI?

The first wave is the combination of psychology and computer science. The second wave brings in other social sciences with developments in computer technologies and the internet. The third wave involves the integration of humanities, such as literature, philosophy, arts, and design, as technology becomes ingrained in daily life.

Why is it important for someone interested in HCI to have a foundation in both computer science and social sciences or humanities?

HCI researchers need to understand and apply knowledge from both computer science and social sciences or humanities to effectively study and design human-computer interactions. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of user behavior, technology, and design.

How does the inclusive nature of HCI affect both innovation and the challenges faced by newcomers?

The inclusive nature of HCI allows for unconventional ideas and fosters innovation. However, it also makes it difficult for outsiders and beginners to understand the field and for the community to establish standards and recognize high-quality work.

Outlines

00:00

💻 The Essence and Existence of HCI

The paragraph introduces the philosophical concept of essence and existence as proposed by Saint Thomas Aquinas and applies it to the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It explains that while most things have a discrepancy between their essence (ideal form) and existence (real-world manifestation), God is the only entity where these two are identical. The paragraph then delves into the pervasiveness of HCI in modern life, emphasizing its relevance in design, innovation, and digital products. It highlights the ubiquity of human-computer interactions, from work to leisure to sleep, and positions HCI as both a phenomenon and a scientific discipline. The speaker, Mahmoud Aidan Baitash, a scholar of design and technology, expresses his passion for HCI and its significance in contemporary culture. He also discusses the challenges of entering the HCI profession due to a lack of clear understanding of its boundaries and landscape, sharing his experience of hiring HCI researchers and the rarity of applicants who truly grasp the field.

05:01

🎓 The Professional and Academic Aspects of HCI

This paragraph discusses the professional and academic aspects of HCI, emphasizing that while the phenomenon of computers is widespread, the profession of HCI is quite niche and primarily exists within academic research. It points out that there are no common job titles such as 'HCI Designer' or 'HCI Manager' in the business world, unlike other disciplines like programming or graphic design. The only role that explicitly includes 'HCI' in the title is that of an HCI researcher, which is rare and often requires a PhD. The paragraph also clarifies that HCI as a profession is more about research and analysis than hands-on design or development. It suggests that those interested in HCI should be prepared for a career that involves rigorous academic research, reading and writing papers, engaging with the academic community, and possibly teaching, rather than direct product creation.

10:02

🌐 The Interdisciplinary Nature of HCI

The paragraph explores the interdisciplinary nature of HCI, situating it as a part of computer science that incorporates knowledge from social sciences and humanities. It explains that HCI researchers are expected to have a strong foundation in computer science, including topics like algorithms, data structures, and software engineering, while also needing a background in fields like psychology, anthropology, or design. The speaker outlines the historical evolution of HCI, describing it as having three 'waves' of intellectual movements: the first wave being the combination of psychology and computer science, the second wave involving other social sciences, and the third wave integrating humanities. This interdisciplinary approach has made HCI a diverse and inclusive field, but it also presents challenges for newcomers in understanding the field's scope and standards.

15:03

🚀 Preparing for a Career in HCI

In this final paragraph, the speaker advises on the preparation required for a successful career in HCI. It emphasizes the need for a strong interest in academic research, competence in computer science, and knowledge in a branch of social sciences or humanities, including design. The paragraph acknowledges the extensive work required to cultivate these skills and suggests that most HCI programs are at the graduate level to allow time for this development. It reassures that even if an individual is not excited about all aspects of HCI, they can still find niches within the field that align with their interests. The speaker also hints at future episodes that will further explore HCI and its intersection with design, technology, and philosophy, encouraging the audience to follow the series for more insights.

Keywords

💡Essence

Essence refers to the intrinsic nature or indispensable qualities of something, determining what it is. In the video, Saint Thomas Aquinas' philosophy is mentioned, suggesting that God's essence and existence are identical, unlike other things in the universe. This concept is foundational to understanding the nature of reality and existence, which parallels the discussion of HCI as a field with its own intrinsic qualities.

💡Existence

Existence pertains to the state of actually being or having actual being. The script contrasts essence with existence, particularly when discussing God as the only entity whose essence and existence are the same. In the context of HCI, existence refers to the manifestation of the field in the real world, such as the physical interactions with computers.

💡Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

HCI is the study, design, and research of the interaction between people and computers. The video emphasizes HCI as both a pervasive phenomenon in modern life and a scientific discipline. It is central to the video's theme, illustrating how HCI is integral to our daily interactions with technology.

💡Discrepancies

Discrepancies refer to the differences or inconsistencies between two or more things. In the script, it is used to describe the differences between the essence and existence of various entities, highlighting the unique nature of God in Aquinas' philosophy and setting the stage for a discussion on the complexities of HCI.

💡Design Innovation

Design innovation involves the creation of new approaches, methods, or products that are both useful and aesthetically pleasing. The video mentions HCI in the context of design innovation, indicating its importance in developing new technologies and improving user experiences.

💡Digital Products

Digital products are goods that are distributed and used in a digital format, such as software or online services. The script discusses HCI in relation to digital products, emphasizing the field's relevance to the design and use of these products in our daily lives.

💡Academic Research

Academic research refers to the systematic investigation and study of a particular field, often conducted in universities and published in scholarly journals. The video describes HCI as an academic discipline, highlighting the importance of research in shaping the field and its practices.

💡Interdisciplinary

Interdisciplinary describes an approach that integrates knowledge and methods from multiple disciplines. The script explains that HCI is an interdisciplinary field, combining elements from computer science, social sciences, and humanities to understand and improve human-computer interactions.

💡Computer Science

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems, including their theory, design, and application. The video positions HCI as a subset of computer science, emphasizing the need for a strong foundation in computer science for those pursuing a career in HCI.

💡Social Sciences

Social sciences are academic disciplines that study human society, social relationships, and institutions. The script discusses the integration of social sciences into HCI, illustrating how these disciplines contribute to understanding the social impacts and dynamics of technology use.

💡Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and language. The video touches on the philosophical aspects of HCI, such as the debate on its boundaries and the philosophical underpinnings of its methods and practices.

Highlights

St. Thomas Aquinas' philosophical argument that essence and existence are identical in God, but not in other things, provides a foundational concept for understanding the nature of HCI.

HCI is a prevalent phenomenon in modern life, involving interaction with digital components in various devices beyond traditional computers.

HCI as a profession is distinct from the broader phenomenon, focusing on the scientific and professional analysis and design of human-computer interactions.

The speaker, Mahmoud Aidan Baitash, introduces himself as a scholar of design and technology with a focus on HCI research.

HCI researchers are often treated more generously in academic funding compared to other fields, reflecting the high interest and relevance of HCI.

The profession of HCI is challenging to enter due to a lack of a clear mental model for many beginners.

Only a small percentage of applicants truly understand the field of HCI, indicating the need for a deeper understanding of its scientific boundaries and landscape.

HCI as a profession is niche and often requires a Ph.D., with positions focused on research and less on hands-on design or development.

HCI researchers are expected to have a strong foundation in computer science, including knowledge of algorithms, data structures, and other related topics.

A strong foundation in social sciences and humanities is also crucial for HCI researchers, complementing their computer science expertise.

HCI's interdisciplinary nature, combining computer science with social sciences and humanities, makes it a unique and inclusive field.

The evolution of HCI has been marked by three waves: the initial focus on psychology, the inclusion of other social sciences, and the integration of humanities.

HCI researchers are more like analysts, critics, teachers, philosophers, and project managers rather than traditional designers or developers.

The inclusiveness of HCI can be a double-edged sword, fostering innovation but also making it difficult for newcomers to grasp the field's scope.

For those interested in HCI, a combination of academic research interest, computer science skills, and social sciences or humanities knowledge is essential.

The speaker promises further exploration of HCI in future episodes, featuring conversations with professionals in the field.

Transcripts

saint thomas aquinas the philosopher

argues that everything has an

essence an ideal at its core and

an existence an appearance and

manifestation in the real world

the only thing in the universe whose

essence and existence are identical

according to aquinas

is god anything else you me

this microphone and the scientific

discipline of hci

will have discrepancies between what is

essential and what is existential to it

human computer interaction or hci

for short is a phrase that we hear a lot

in the context of design innovation

computer science digital products it is

obviously very relevant to our lives

because

most of what we do today is basically

human computer interaction it's

literally what we do with most of our

waking hours

right now as i record this episode i am

interacting with multiple computers my

camera is actually a computer i'm

looking at my notes on some sort of

computer my phone

also a computer could ring at any time

and as you are

watching or listening to this episode

you are also

performing some kind of human computer

interaction even in our sleep we

interact with computers you know some of

us

measure our sleep with smart watches or

rings and most of us

actually wake up to some kind of digital

alarm clock

this phenomenon of hci the experience of

it is everywhere it is

the defining feature of human life today

this is hci as a phenomenon it's the

fact

that we live with computers and it's not

only these keyboard and mouse and screen

kind of things but

anything that involves digital

components your dishwasher your tv

your car but when you hear people

talking about hci it's probable that

they are not only talking about the

phenomenon of using a computer

but rather they are talking about a

profession or discipline which

deals with this phenomenon so human

computer interaction is the name of what

happens but it is also the name of the

scientific and professional field

where people have the job of analyzing

it and designing it

this the scientific and professional

discipline that is called hci

is what we're going to talk about in

this episode of design discipline

my name is mahmoud aidan baitash i'm a

scholar of design and technology and

research in hci is basically my job i

design and develop hci applications i

write about hci i manage research

projects i

teach hci at the university and i feel

incredibly privileged to be working in

this field because computers and the

ways that we use them

are essential to our lives hci is

basically

the defining feature of human life and

culture today

naturally there's a lot of interest in

hci as a profession

a lot of people are interested in

getting hci related jobs

companies are looking for hundreds of

different kinds of professionals that

have to do with computing and design and

user interfaces in the world of academic

research where getting funding is a

significant challenge for all of us

hci researchers are actually treated a

little more generously compared to our

colleagues in like social sciences or

the arts

however compared to the level of

interest

and the relevance of the phenomenon of

hci

the actual profession of hci is quite

small and it's quite

challenging to get into and the

challenge here is largely because a lot

of people

when they start out don't have a mental

model of hci as a scientific

field which has enough detail and enough

clarity

i'll give you an example around a year

ago i was involved in a university

project and i teamed up with two

professors and we had the job of hiring

two hci researchers we had two positions

for phd researchers and we got

more than 200 applications for these

positions

most of the people who applied were very

smart and very successful some of them

were great engineers

some were designers entrepreneurs and

different kinds of scientists

very smart people very cool skills and

experiences that they brought

but out of 200 people most of whom were

very impressive

there was only like 10 of them who

really understood the field of hci so

they all understood hci as a phenomenon

and most of them understood the

essential ideas the ideals of hci

as a scientific and professional field

but only around five percent of them

actually

understood like the boundaries and the

landscape of hci

in terms of its existential facts and

naturally

those people were the ones that we

interviewed for the jobs

so what i'm going to talk about now is

going to help those of you who are

interested in hci as a profession

especially those of you who are looking

at graduate studies and especially

phd programs in hci and there are two

reasons why we focus on this the first

is that a few days ago i actually posted

on twitter

asking the community for what questions

to cover in in this episode about hci

and one of the most salient requests was

to talk about how to get into hci

phd programs so with a shout out to

faria and others who submitted questions

we're going to talk about some of the

concepts you need for this exact purpose

the second reason why this is especially

relevant to phd studies

is that in fact even though the

phenomena of computers are

everywhere in our lives hci as a

profession

actually refers to a very particular

niche

within academic and scientific research

and this

is my first point there isn't really a

job or position that is called hci

which exists purely in the world of

business at companies

in this way it's different from other

jobs like being a programmer or engineer

or graphic designer or psychologist

because even though many universities

have

these programs where you can study hci

jobs like hci designer or hci

manager things like that don't really

exist

basically the only job where you would

have hci in your actual job title in an

actual company

is the job of a hci researcher and these

jobs are really rare

they basically exist only at these large

tech companies with big budgets for

innovation and research

in fact i went on linkedin to search for

these jobs and found only two of them

among

thousands of jobs on linkedin at

microsoft

and spotify and both of them list as

their requirements that you should have

a phd

and you should have published your

research at particular scientific

conferences and

journals and this is the first thing

that confuses people because the

essence or the ideal of hci is very

broad you know if you go to

any other resource like various books

and lectures and whatnot

usually they will hit you with a very

long and very complicated definition

wikipedia will tell you for example that

hci is a multi-disciplinary field of

study

based on the design and use of computer

technology in particular the interfaces

between computers and users

it's very broad it's very inclusive it's

trying to do

justice to all that hci is and all that

it could be

but the reality the existential fact

is that hci is the name of a very

particular niche

in scientific and academic research so

this is the first thing that you need to

understand if you're looking at hci as a

job it's the fact that

hci is a research discipline and

therefore it is subject to all of the

concerns and constraints that apply to

all kinds of

like scientific and academic research

disciplines

so if you want to become a hci

researcher you kind of have to be

interested in like the rigor and

philosophy of

science and academia you will need to

read thousands of research papers and

write

a lot of your own you need to engage

with the academic world with the

ecosystem

of like universities and academic

careers and

research funding and conferences and

journals you might have to teach courses

and give lectures and all of this is

actually going to take up most of your

time to the extent that you will have

very little time left to

create actual products most professional

hci researchers actually don't design

anything in a hands-on fashion they

don't

develop a lot of software now there are

exceptions to this for example there is

a hci research conference called user

interface software and technology or

uist

where a lot of technical and tactical

work is presented

and there are some design related venues

as well but on the vast majority of

these projects the people who are doing

this

hands-on work are actually graduate

students so it's only at the

earliest stages of this career where you

will actually get to do the hands-on

work

later as a professional hci researcher

you might be on a team where you

collaborate with people who do these

things

but your job will not be to design user

interfaces and to develop

different gadgets in fact your job as a

hci researcher is much closer to being

an analyst a critic

a teacher a philosopher and even a

project manager

much more than it is to being a designer

or developer

this is the first thing that you need to

clear up if you're interested in hci

as a profession a lot of people who

think they are interested in hci

are actually more interested in design

or development which are

different disciplines now these jobs do

have some overlap since they basically

deal with the same subject matter of

like

user interfaces they are definitely

related uh

researchers designers and developers

very often work together in teams

a lot of people switch between these

jobs at various points in their career

and you can definitely get an education

in one of these things and get a job in

the other

in fact if you study hci it will lead

you to a lot of different jobs in

product design or engineering or

marketing

sales user experience research but the

work that you would do

as a professional hci researcher is

different from those and it's very

specific

so what then is the actual work that a

hci researcher does

now the answer to this gets complicated

sometimes because

people in hci actually really love to

like debate

the boundaries and the philosophy of

what we do but after like 10 years of

wading through all of those debates

i believe that i have come to an answer

which is actually quite simple

the answer is that hci is part of

computer science

hci is the part of computer science

which builds on social sciences

and humanities so let's talk about the

two parts of this

first of all the idea that hci is a part

of computer science it's a

subset of computer science has to do

with the fact of

where it exists in practice the absolute

existential core of any scientific

discipline today is publications

any scientific field first of all exists

as a collection of written documents

it's

books or journal articles and conference

papers

and if you look at the conferences and

journals which define hci which are

truly the infrastructure for the

scientific community

these are produced by organizations

which define

themselves in terms of computer science

and engineering the two largest ones are

the acm

or the association for computing

machinery and ieee which is the

institute of electrical and electronics

engineers

now people do argue that hci extends

beyond computer science which it does

but my view is that when it does

it also extends the borders of computer

science it redefines what computer

science is

but all of this philosophy aside what

follows for practical purposes is that

being a hci researcher means that you

are a computer scientist

and if you are a computer scientist then

you will be expected to

command the knowledge and skills that a

competent computer scientist would

possess

even though in hci you might specialize

in methods and philosophies that come

from elsewhere as we will soon discuss

your work is most probably going to

involve computer science topics and you

will have to have the competence to deal

with these

like algorithms and data structures

information theory graphics signal

processing machine learning electronics

software engineering you can't avoid or

outsource

dealing with these topics as a hci

researcher you don't have to be an

expert on all of these but in order to

do your work you need to have a command

of the basics

and furthermore many professors and

other leaders who recruit for hci

related positions are themselves

computer scientists and

engineers so being able to speak the

same language as these people

will carry you forward in the hiring

process so that's my argument that for

a career in hci you really do need a

strong foundation in computer science

but there's one more thing you need

which is again a foundation and ideally

a

specialization in the social sciences

and the humanities

i'm not going to go too deep into the

history of hci which we might do in a

future episode but

very briefly the origin of hci as a

branch of computer science really

materializes in the 80s

there's a book from 1983 which really

stands out it's called the psychology of

human computer interaction

and basically what's happening here is

that the authors of this book are taking

assumptions methods results and

arguments from psychology

and from that they are deriving answers

about how to design computers so

they expand computer science and

psychology towards each other they

kick off this interdisciplinary field

called hci and over the years

what happens is that people start

bringing in other branches of social

sciences

and humanities into hci if you actually

get involved in hci you will see that

people talk about these three

waves or intellectual movements that

define its

its history and evolution psychology and

computer science coming together is the

first wave of hci the second wave

is the rest of the social sciences

coming into it

moving together with developments in

computer technologies and devices and of

course the internet

in order to deal with the new kinds of

like questions and possibilities that

come from this technology

we bring assumptions and methods from

disciplines like anthropology

and sociology and media studies and more

and we're

applying those to the phenomenon of hci

so gradually a lot of new ways of

thinking and doing research become

accepted in hci

the third wave of hci then is the same

thing happening with humanities

as technology and computers become

ingrained in our lives and the

incredible ways that we have today

it actually becomes possible and even

necessary to use

methods and philosophies from like

literature

philosophy critical theory arts and of

course

design in order to make sense of the

place and the possibilities of computers

in our lives having gone through these

movements hci today is a diverse and

inclusive branch of computer science

where we take

knowledge and methods or if you want to

be technical about it we take the

epistemologies and methodologies

from schools of thought which

traditionally have nothing to do with

computer science

and we use them to figure out how to

deal with all of this technology

it's a very fortunate very beautiful

place to be and having learned from this

history

hci today is a very uh tolerant very

inclusive place where ideals that

might not initially make sense to

computer scientists might get accepted

and this brings me to my final point

because this tolerance

and inclusivity is a double-edged sword

on one hand it allows us to consider

unconventional ideas it frees us from

prejudice and it paves

the way to innovation and invention not

to mention that it creates a beautiful

community where

all kinds of individuals are accepted on

the other hand it certainly makes it

difficult for

outsiders and beginners to make sense of

what we're doing

and it makes it difficult for us to have

standards and recognize really

high quality and really meaningful work

so what does this mean for someone who's

interested in joining the world of hci

well it means

that in addition to being a citizen of

the academic world and mastering its

rituals

in addition to being a competent

computer scientist

there is a third area of competence

which you need to command

and this is the social sciences and

humanities

now you don't need to be a master of the

entire landscape here although it

definitely pays off to have like

knowledge of the whole spectrum

but when you come into hci you should

come equipped with let's say

the equivalent of a university degree in

terms of your skill and competence in

one of those fields like psychology or

anthropology or

critical theory or sociology and of

course design

i know that this is a lot of work it

takes many years to cultivate this

competence in computer science as well

as let's say

anthropology and this exactly is the

reason why most hci schools are graduate

level they are masters and phd

programs because this gives you the time

to cultivate these skills and also

familiarize with the rest of the

academic ecosystem in the previous years

of your schooling but going back to the

question of what you will need in hci if

you have this combination of skills

which is first of all an interest in

academic research

and then competence in computer science

and then a branch of social sciences or

humanities including but not limited to

some kind of design discipline

and maybe you can add to that the

specific things that your project or

your team might specialize in

you will be unstoppable you'll have no

problem getting into a hci program

you'll have no problem going through it

and you'll have no problem succeeding in

the rest of your career as a hci

professional

if you've been looking at hci programs

or maybe you're already in a hci school

and you realize that there are parts of

this combination of topics that you're

not really super excited about that's

actually totally fine you can

find projects and team up with people

where you focus on maybe software

development maybe graphic design

maybe ethnographic research whatever you

enjoy simply realizing that hci is the

name of a branch of computer science

research which brings in the social

sciences and humanities

allows you to make sense of things and

make faster

and easier progress in future episodes

of design discipline we're going to

continue to explore the world of hci

we have already had guests like joe

fishkay and eric stoltharmon who have

had

a very successful and very different

careers in this world we are gonna have

many more conversations with people from

the world of hci

and we are going to talk about a lot of

concepts from this world where

design and technology and philosophy all

come together

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