Rizal and the Revolution of 1896 by: Robert E. Yana
Summary
TLDRThe Philippine Revolution of 1896, a pivotal event in the nation's history, ignited a deep sense of nationalism. Filipinos from diverse backgrounds united to fight colonialism, leading to a revolution against Spain that began in 1896 and transitioned into a struggle for independence against the United States. Despite initial success, internal conflicts and Spanish resistance led to the execution of many heroes. The Tejeros Convention of 1897 attempted to unify leadership but resulted in further division. The revolution's legacy is one of sacrifice and resilience, inspiring Filipinos to continue the fight for their country's freedom and development.
Takeaways
- π΅π The Philippine Revolution of 1896 is a pivotal event in the country's history, igniting a strong sense of nationalism among Filipinos.
- π The revolution began as a response to Spanish colonialism, with Filipinos from various backgrounds uniting to fight for their country's freedom.
- ποΈ The revolution against Spain started in 1896 with the discovery of the Katipunan, a Philippine revolutionary society, and ended in 1902 with Spain ceding sovereignty to the United States.
- π‘οΈ The first battle of the revolution took place in San Juan, where Filipinos armed with basic weapons faced the superior forces of the Spanish army.
- π The revolution spread rapidly across Southern Luzon, prompting the Spanish governor to declare a state of war in several provinces.
- βοΈ Spanish officials executed many Filipino leaders, which further fueled the revolution and the desire for independence.
- π The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897, aimed to resolve leadership disputes within the revolution, resulting in Emilio Aguinaldo being elected as the new leader.
- π Filipino national hero Jose Rizal initially refused to join the revolution, believing the nation was unprepared and the timing was not right.
- π Despite internal divisions, the revolutionaries managed to capture several towns around Manila, highlighting their determination and resilience.
- ποΈ The peace negotiations led by Dr. Pedro A. Paterno resulted in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, which temporarily ended the fighting between Filipinos and Spaniards.
- π The peace agreement was signed by General Aguinaldo and Governor General Primo de Rivera in December 1897, marking a historic moment in the struggle for independence.
Q & A
What is the Philippine Revolution of 1896 considered to be in the country's history?
-The Philippine Revolution of 1896 is considered one of the most important events in the country's history, as it awakened a proud sense of nationalism for generations of Filipinos.
What was the main goal of the Philippine Revolution against Spain?
-The main goal of the Philippine Revolution against Spain was to achieve freedom from colonialism and to end Spanish rule in the Philippines.
When did the Philippine Revolution against Spain begin and end?
-The Philippine Revolution against Spain began in 1896 and ended in 1902.
What was the outcome of the Philippine Revolution against Spain?
-The outcome of the Philippine Revolution against Spain was that Spain lost its sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States.
What was the significance of tearing the residence certificate or cedula during the revolution?
-Tearing the residence certificate or cedula was a symbolic act of rejecting Spanish oppression and a sign of the beginning of the armed struggle for independence.
What was the first battle of the revolution and what happened?
-The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan on the dawn of Sunday, August 30, 1896. The Filipinos, armed with bolos and old rifles, lost the battle due to the superior weapons of the Spanish armed forces.
Who were the members of the Katipunan and what was their role in the revolution?
-The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society that played a significant role in the revolution by organizing and leading the fight against Spanish colonizers.
What was the Tejeros Convention and why was it significant?
-The Tejeros Convention was a meeting on March 22, 1897, where the revolutionaries aimed to settle the controversy on leadership and elect the officers of a revolutionary government, which was crucial for the unity and direction of the revolution.
Who was elected as the new leader of the revolutionary government and what was the impact of his leadership?
-Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as the new leader of the revolutionary government. His leadership marked a significant shift in the revolution, as he was able to consolidate power and lead the Filipino forces against the Spanish and later the American forces.
What was the agreement signed between General Aguinaldo and Governor General Primo de Rivera, and what did it entail?
-The agreement signed between General Aguinaldo and Governor General Primo de Rivera was a peace treaty that ended the fighting between the Filipinos and the Spaniards. It included provisions for the exile of Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders to Hong Kong.
How did the Filipinos and Spaniards break the peace agreement and what were the consequences?
-Both the Filipinos and Spaniards broke the peace agreement when Spain failed to pay the agreed war indemnity in full and continued to arrest and punish Filipinos who surrendered. This led to a continuation of hostilities and further conflict.
Outlines
ποΈ Philippine Revolution and Nationalism
This paragraph introduces the Philippine Revolution of 1896 as a pivotal event in the nation's history, igniting a deep sense of nationalism. It discusses the unification of Filipinos against colonialism, with the main goal of achieving freedom. The revolution began after the discovery of the Katipunan, a secret society fighting Spanish colonizers, and ended with Spain's loss of sovereignty to the United States in 1902. The first battle took place in San Juan, where Filipinos, despite being poorly armed, showed bravery against Spanish forces. The revolution spread rapidly, leading to Spanish retaliations, including the execution of leaders and the imprisonment of patriots.
π‘οΈ Internal Struggles and Leadership Shifts
The second paragraph delves into the internal conflicts within the revolution, including the arrest and deportation of Filipino patriots, and the subsequent anger towards Spanish officials. It details the formation of the Katipunan by Bonifacio and the rise of the anti-colonial movement that attracted people from various social classes. The narrative highlights the division of the revolutionaries into two groups, the Magdiwang and the Magdalo, and the contentious leadership election that saw Aguinaldo elected as the new leader. The paragraph also recounts the tragic fate of Bonifacio and his followers, who were executed by Aguinaldo's orders.
π° Battles, Negotiations, and the Fragile Peace
This paragraph narrates the military engagements during the revolution, including the assault on Kakarong and the execution of Maestro Cebu. It discusses the efforts of Dr. Pedro A. Paterno in negotiating a peace agreement between the Filipinos and the Spanish, which was signed by Aguinaldo and Governor General Primo de Rivera. The peace was short-lived, as both sides broke the agreement, with Spain failing to fulfill its financial obligations and continuing to persecute Filipinos. The paragraph concludes with the exile of Aguinaldo and other leaders to Hong Kong as part of the peace agreement.
π Conclusion: Honoring Sacrifice and Unity
The final paragraph concludes the report by emphasizing the sacrifices made by thousands of Filipinos for the country's independence. It calls for unity and patriotism among citizens, urging them to love and fight for their country against those who would cause poverty and division. The paragraph serves as a reminder of the blood, sweat, and tears shed by the revolutionaries, and the importance of standing together for the success and development of the nation.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Philippine Revolution
π‘Katipunan
π‘Nationalism
π‘Colonialism
π‘Bonifacio
π‘Aguinaldo
π‘Independence
π‘Bolos
π‘Peace Negotiations
π‘Exile
π‘Sacrifice
Highlights
The Philippine Revolution of 1896 is a pivotal event in the country's history, symbolizing the awakening of national pride and unity against colonialism.
The revolution's main goal was to achieve freedom from Spanish colonial rule, uniting Filipinos from diverse backgrounds under a common cause.
The revolution began in 1896 after the discovery of the Katipunan, a Philippine revolutionary society, by Spanish authorities.
The revolution against Spain concluded in 1902 with Spain ceding the Philippines to the United States, marking a transition to a war of independence against the US.
Filipinos were armed with bolos, handmade guns, and bamboo spears, reflecting the disparity in weaponry against the Spanish forces.
The first battle of the revolution took place in San Juan, where Filipinos, despite being outgunned, showed immense bravery.
The Spanish governor declared a state of war in eight provinces, reflecting the widespread impact of the revolution.
Many Filipino leaders were executed, which further fueled the revolutionaries' anger and resolve against Spanish oppression.
The arrest and deportation of key leaders led to the dissolution of the Katipunan, which was later replaced by a call for aggressive reforms.
The Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897, aimed to resolve leadership disputes within the revolution, highlighting internal conflicts.
Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as the new leader of the revolutionary government, despite internal dissent and challenges.
The Battle of Limbon on November 1, 1897, resulted in the capture of key revolutionaries, including Andres Bonifacio.
The execution of Bonifacio on May 10, 1897, was a significant turning point and a tragic loss for the revolution.
The Biak-na-Bato agreement in December 1897 marked a temporary peace between Filipino revolutionaries and Spanish forces.
Aguinaldo and other leaders went into exile in Hong Kong as part of the peace agreement, demonstrating a strategic retreat.
The breaking of the peace agreement by both sides led to continued conflict and a testament to the revolution's ongoing struggle for independence.
The sacrifices of thousands of Filipinos during the revolution underscore the deep commitment to the country's independence.
The report concludes with a call for patriotism, unity, and the continued fight for the country's success and development.
Transcripts
everyone
my report is all about
result and the revolution of 1896
the philippine revolution is one of the
most important events in the country's
history
awakening
a proud sense of nationalism for
generations of fitness to camp
in a period of heavy struggle and
conflict filipinos of different
backgrounds united with a common goal to
receive colonialism
that's why their main goal is to have
freedom in our country
the revolution against spain was parked
in 1896
after spanish authorities discovered the
katipunan a philippine revolutionary
society flatting against their
colonizers
it ended in 1902
where spain lost uncited sovereignty of
the philippines to the united states
later it turned into a war of
independence against the united states
the first part of revolution was a
success
many of our best hero were killed during
the revolution
on august 13 1896
father augustine hernandez wrote to don
manuel luengo the seville governor of
manila about the
evening gathering in his parish
august 19 1896
katipunan was finally discovered
by
gathered his men in hills of balintawa
was the place
north of manila which was then a secret
meeting place of the paneras
august 21-22
[Music]
on august 26 1896.
the fairy bunifacious stop all the
talking
there is no other way
he told them
enough is enough he angrily tore his
residence certificate or sedola's
personality
it was the symbol of spanish oppression
of filipinos
the first battle of the revolution took
place at the town of san juan
at dawn of sunday
august 30 1986
1000
it was bloody an awful battle
the filipinos were armed only with bolos
a few handmade guns
or politics
old rifles
bamboo
spears
and amulets
the superior weapons of the spanish
armed forces won the day
the filipinos lost and retreated
they left 153 comrades behind
the revolution quickly spread like
wildfire in southern luzon
the spanish governor henriel ramon banco
declared a state of war in eight
provinces
which is manila
[Music]
on august 30 1896.
the spanish officials terrorized the
filipinos and executed many of their
famous leaders
on september 4th
four members of dakatipunan were
executed
at bagom bayan
on september 12th
13 were put to death at plaza de armas
or los tizi matares
many filipino patriots were arrested and
put in prison at fort santiago
1 000 filipinos were excelled to guam
africa
and other spanish prisons abroad
the mighty dome of their leaders made
the filipinos more angry at the spanish
officials
after results arrest
and deportation to the petan la liga
filipino dissolved
this was later replaced by
a call for aggressive reforms
put forward and be bored by bonifacio
upon hearing of resolved arrest
furifacio and his fellows founded the
katipunam
the anti-colonial secret organization
eventually attracted people from lower
and middle classes across the country
enjoining them in armed revolt against
pain
result the country's national hero
refused
to participate
he believed timing wasn't on their side
and the nation was still unprepared
in spite of his friend's
reservations murifacio and his fellow
katie poneros continued
with their plan
yet on august 1896 a spanish friar found
him out
thousands of all filipinos were inspired
to join the revolution
in the nearby provinces
the filipinos revolutionaries captured
las
and other towns around in manila
the revolutionaries was divided into two
the magdala saginaws group and the
magbiowan's munifacious group
again aguinaldo's
lost all his battle
many fascist supporters refused to help
the ronaldo when they were attacked
similarly
aguinaldo's followers did not help the
magni wangs wendy fought the spaniard
both rival groups decided to meet
atejeros
on march 22 1897.
they wanted to settle the controversy
on leadership because a revolution must
have only one leader
they decided to elect the officers of
a revolutionary government
bonifacio was overconfident
his followers outnumbered the followers
of aguinaldo
aguinaldo wasn't able to attend the
election because he was fighting the
spanish army at imos
was elected as the new leader
he did not know that the filipinos no
longer wanted him as the leader
aguinaldo won the majority vote for new
president
of the first
revolutionary government on march 23 and
lasted until october 31 1897.
fashion lost heaven
the position of vice president
and other lower position
as a consolation murifashi was elected
to the last office of secretary
of the interior but
on november 1 1897
at the battle of limbo
and his men lost the fight and were
taken prisoners
andres was wanted and his brother
see
sir was killed
his wife grigoria jesus was one
of the prisoners
the revolutionary government's right
rifacho and his brother
by military court martial
on may 5 1897
and they were found guilty
they were sentenced to die
agonaldo reduced their sentence to life
in pers imprisonment
but was able to cancel
that order and execute munifashio
on may 19 1897
andres and procopy were shoot by a
firing squad of aginaldo's
soldiers in near maragundon
under the command of major lazaro
macapagal
december 4 1896 the katipunan members of
balangi masala
meet at
province
had elected under their newly founded
kakarong republic lead by
[Music]
rush to the
fortifications of kakaroo and launch
a massive assault against the people
including civilians
january 16 at 5 pm
maestro cebu was executed
executed february 15 1897
governor
polaviha launched an
all-out offensive inca
two days later
general la cambrie captured the town of
sicilan
jane aguinaldo aided by jen
vito villarbino and artemio ricarte
mounted
a counter offensive but failed to get
felon
back
february 25
1897
the smarina's cavity was taken by jen
antonio zavala
who also attacked
sally tran which was
defended by jen flaviano
jenko was mortally wounded in action and
died on march 3 1897
military hospital
dr pedro a paterno
a prominent filipino acted as the
go-between
in the peace negotiations
he succeeded in negotiating
the agreement to end the fighting
between the filipinos and spaniards
this was historic fact
[Music]
it was signed by general aguinaldo and
governor general primo rivera on
december 14
and 15 1897.
he was the youngest general
of the revolution younger than del pilar
by one year
two months and seven days
peace was proclaimed in the philippines
after the back of biakunapato
gina ginaldo and other
other revolutionary leaders went to
exile in
hong kong as part of agreement
arenado and his
companions reach hong kong on december
30 1897.
women of tribulation
or
popular known astantang sora
grigoria montoya
[Music]
teresa
[Music]
both the filipinos and spaniards broke
their peace agreement
spain did not pay
1.7 million
war
only 600 was paid
spanish
spanish officials continued to arrest
and punish filipino who surrendered
conclusion during the philippine
philippine revolution thousands of
filipinos have given and sacrificed
their lives for the independence of our
country
blend and
blood and sweat are given by them in
order to have our independence
they fight for their country and their
filming
that is why we have our heroes
they are the ones that give us the way
for
peace so as a citizen of our country
we must have patrol
december
we must love and fight for our country
over those people that make our country
be in poverty
we must each other like the soldiers do
during the wars in the revolution
we must stand
in one
for the success and development of our
native land
and that's conclude my report for today
thank you for listening
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