SEJARAH PSIKOLOGI PENDIDIKAN

Summary

This educational video delves into the history of psychology and education, highlighting key figures like William James and John Dewey. It explores the evolution of psychological concepts in education, from behaviorism to the importance of cognitive and emotional intelligence. The video emphasizes the shift towards a balanced approach to education, focusing on cognitive, social, and emotional development, and introduces modern ideas like preschool well-being.

Takeaways

• 📚 The script discusses the history of psychology and education, emphasizing the importance of understanding the roots of educational psychology.
• 🔍 Psychology is defined as the science that studies human behavior and mental processes, highlighting the distinction between observable behavior and less directly measurable mental processes.
• 👨‍🏫 William James, a key figure in educational psychology, advocated for direct observation and interviews in schools to understand the learning process, rather than relying solely on laboratory research.
• 🏫 John Dewey contributed to educational psychology by emphasizing the active role of students in learning and the importance of 'learning by doing'.
• 🌟 Edward Lee Thorndike is recognized for his work on the foundations of learning theory, proposing that schools should focus on honing the intelligence of students.
• 🔬 Thorndike also stressed the need for educational psychology to develop based on objective research and measurement, moving away from speculative theories.
• 👥 Kenneth and Mamie Clark conducted research on self-concept and identity in African-American children, contributing to a broader understanding of educational psychology's role in addressing racial issues.
• 🏆 Kenneth Clark became the first African-American president of the American Psychological Association in 1971, marking a significant milestone in the field.
• 🧠 The script mentions the shift in educational psychology from a focus on cognitive development to a more holistic approach that includes emotional intelligence and social skills.
• 🌐 The importance of cultural bias in psychological testing is discussed, with Leta Hollingworth being the first to use the term 'gifted' for individuals with exceptionally high intelligence test scores.
• 🌱 The script concludes with a call for a balanced approach to education that considers cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of student well-being.

Q & A

What is the origin of the term 'psychology'?

The term 'psychology' comes from two Greek words: 'psyche' meaning 'soul' and 'logos' meaning 'science' or 'study', hence it is the science that studies the human soul.

What is the definition of psychology according to the script?

Psychology is defined as the science that studies behavior and mental processes.

What is educational psychology and how does it differ from general psychology?

Educational psychology is a branch of psychology that specifically studies the learning process, how individuals acquire new knowledge or skills, and how teachers can maximize students' learning effectiveness.

Who was the first figure mentioned in the history of educational psychology?

The first figure mentioned is William James, who lived from 1842 to 1910 and wrote the book 'Principles of Psychology'.

What did William James believe about conducting educational psychology research?

William James believed that to research educational psychology, one must go directly to schools, not just conduct experiments in laboratories, and draw conclusions from observations and interviews in school settings.

What was John Dewey's view on the role of students in the learning process?

John Dewey believed that students are active learners, not passive, and that learning should involve 'learning by doing', engaging students directly in the process.

What is the significance of Edward Lee Thorndike's research in educational psychology?

Edward Lee Thorndike was known for his work on the foundations of learning theory, emphasizing that schools should focus on honing students' intellectual abilities.

What does the term 'gifted' refer to in the context of educational psychology?

The term 'gifted' was first used by Leta Stetter Hollingworth to describe individuals who scored significantly above average on intelligence tests, indicating a genius level of intellect.

What was the focus of research in educational psychology during the mid-20th century?

During the mid-20th century, there was a strong emphasis on behaviorism, with experiments often conducted in laboratories using animals as subjects, to understand the principles of learning.

How did the concept of emotional intelligence impact the field of educational psychology?

The concept of emotional intelligence, introduced by Daniel Goleman, highlighted that emotional intelligence plays a more significant role in career success than cognitive abilities alone, leading to a shift in educational psychology towards a more balanced development of cognitive, social, and emotional aspects.

What is the significance of Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy in educational psychology?

Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy is significant as it provides a framework for categorizing different levels of cognitive learning, from knowledge to evaluation and creation, and has been used as a basis for educational practices.