Kimia Industri - Proses Pembuatan Deterjen (Bubuk/ Serbuk)

Pak Yoga

15 Feb 202105:31

Summary

TLDRIn this informative video, viewers are guided through the flowchart of detergent production by Mr. Yoga. The process begins with the creation of a surfactant slurry using kerosene and sulfonated oleum at a controlled temperature, yielding dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. This is neutralized with NaOH to form sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The surfactant is then cooled, mixed with additives, and sprayed in a tower to form detergent granules. The granules undergo drying and separation processes, with impurities being reintroduced into the production cycle, while vapors are released into the atmosphere. The final product is scented and packaged according to consumer needs.

Takeaways

🚀 The video discusses the flowchart of the detergent manufacturing process with Pak Yoga.
🔍 The first step is the production of surfactant slurry, starting with the reaction of kerosene and dodecylbenzene at a controlled temperature of 55 degrees Celsius.
🧪 The mixture from the sulfonation process is then neutralized with NaOH in a mixer to form sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the surfactant base.
🔄 The surfactant slurry is pumped to a subtank to maintain pressure and is then cooled in a cooler.
💧 The cooled surfactant is stored in a storage tank, preparing for the next stage of detergent production.
🌀 The next step involves mixing the surfactant with sodium tripolyphosphate and other additives in a tracer, where high-speed mixing ensures homogeneity.
🌊 Water is removed in the tracer, thickening the mixture due to the hydration reaction of sodium tripolyphosphate.
🌧 The mixture is then pumped to the top of a spray tower, where it is sprayed while hot air from the process is introduced at the bottom.
🔍 The detergent particles are formed and fall to the bottom of the tower, passing through a hot water spray for separation.
🔄 Cycle 1 separates the hot vapor and any entrained particles, with the particles reintroduced into the process and the vapor released to the atmosphere.
🌀 The particles from the high-efficiency spray dryer are conveyed and further separated in cycle 2, with remaining vapor directed to cycle 3 for separation.
📏 The particles are then screened using a vibrating screen to ensure standard size before being conveyed to the packaging area.
🛍️ Finally, the detergent particles are perfumed and packed according to consumer needs and labeling requirements.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the flowchart and process of detergent production.
What is the first step in the detergent production process described in the script?
-The first step is the production of surfactant slurry, which involves the use of kerosene and sulfonation with oleum at a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius.
What is the role of NaOH in the production of surfactant slurry?
-NaOH is added to the mixer to neutralize the alkyl benzene acid, resulting in the formation of sodium alkyl benzene, which is the surfactant slurry.
What is the function of the subtank in the detergent production process?
-The subtank is used to maintain pressure or act as a pressure control mechanism during the production process.
How is the surfactant slurry cooled in the process?
-The surfactant slurry is cooled by being pumped to a cooler, where it is mixed and cooled down.
What is the purpose of the tracer in the detergent production process?
-The tracer is used to mix the surfactant slurry with sodium tripolyphosphate and other additives, creating a homogeneous mixture.
What happens in the spray tower during the detergent production?
-In the spray tower, the mixture is sprayed at the top while hot air from the furnace is introduced at the bottom, resulting in the formation of detergent particles.
What is the function of the cycle 1 in the detergent production process?
-Cycle 1 is used to separate hot vapor and any entrained particles, with the particles being recycled back into the process and the vapor being released to the atmosphere.
What is the role of the high-pressure pump in the production of detergent particles?
-The high-pressure pump is used to pump the mixture to the top of the spray tower, where it is sprayed to form detergent particles.
How are the detergent particles separated from the remaining vapor in the process?
-The particles are separated from the vapor in cycle 2, where the vapor is directed to cyclone 3 for further separation before being released to the atmosphere.
What is the final step in the production of detergent before packaging?
-The final step is the addition of fragrance to the detergent particles on the conveyor belt, which are then directed to the packaging area for labeling and consumer requirements.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Detergent Production Process Flow

This paragraph outlines the detailed process of detergent manufacturing as explained by Pak Yoga. It begins with the creation of a surfactant slurry, where kerosene or diesel is mixed with oleum at a controlled temperature of 55 degrees Celsius to produce a mixture. This mixture is then pumped into a sulfat or mixer, yielding dodecylbenzene acid. The acid is neutralized with NaOH in a mixer to form a surfactant paste, which is then sent to a subtank for pressure regulation. The cooled surfactant slurry is stored in a tank before proceeding to the next stage, which involves combining it with sodium tripolyphosphate and additives in a tracer for homogenization. The mixture thickens due to a hydration reaction and is then directed to a drop tank, followed by being sprayed at the top of a spray tower while hot air from the process is introduced at the bottom. The resulting detergent particles fall to the bottom of the tower and are separated in a cycle to remove entrained particles and heat. The separated particles are then conveyed to a vibrating screen for standardization before being packed according to consumer needs.

05:01

🎉 Conclusion of Detergent Production Explanation

The second paragraph concludes the explanation of the detergent production flowchart by Pak Yoga. It serves as a closing remark, summarizing the process and expressing hope for the information's usefulness. The paragraph ends with a traditional greeting, wishing peace and blessings upon the viewers, followed by a musical note indicating the end of the video script.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Flowchart

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process through the use of shapes and arrows. In the context of the video, the flowchart illustrates the steps involved in the detergent manufacturing process, providing a visual guide to the various stages from the creation of the surfactant to the final packaging of the detergent.

💡Surfactant

Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. In the video, the creation of a surfactant is the first step in the detergent-making process, where dodecylbenzene is sulfonated to produce a mixture that is then neutralized with NaOH, resulting in sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

💡Neutralization

Neutralization is a chemical process where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water, resulting in a neutral pH. In the script, the neutralization of alkyl benzene acid with NaOH is a crucial step to produce the surfactant mixture, which is essential for the detergent's cleaning properties.

💡Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP)

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a common ingredient in detergents that enhances cleaning by softening water and acting as a builder. In the video, STPP is mixed with the surfactant to create a thicker mixture due to the hydrolysis reaction, contributing to the detergent's formulation.

💡High-pressure Pump

A high-pressure pump is a device that increases the pressure of a fluid. In the context of the video, the high-pressure pump is used to propel the detergent mixture to the top of the spray tower, where it is sprayed and combined with air to form detergent particles.

💡Spray Tower

A spray tower is a piece of equipment used in the production of powder detergents. It allows for the atomization of the detergent mixture, creating fine particles that can be easily dried and packaged. In the script, the spray tower is where the detergent particles are formed through the combination of the sprayed mixture and hot air.

💡Cycle

In the script, 'cycle' refers to a stage in the detergent production process where separation of vapor and particles occurs. The term is used to describe the steps where vapor and entrained particles are separated, with the vapor being released and the particles being further processed.

💡Conveyor

A conveyor is a system used to transport materials from one place to another. In the video, the conveyor is used to move the detergent particles after they have been separated from the vapor, and also to transport them to the next stages of the process, such as the addition of fragrances and packaging.

💡Vibrating Screen

A vibrating screen is a machine used to separate materials into multiple grades by size. In the script, the vibrating screen is used to ensure that the detergent particles meet the required size standards before they are sent to the packaging area.

💡Fragrance

Fragrance refers to the scent added to the detergent to give it a pleasant smell. In the video, the addition of fragrance to the detergent particles is mentioned as one of the final steps in the production process before they are packaged for consumer use.

💡Packaging

Packaging is the process of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. In the script, the final step of the detergent production process involves packaging the detergent particles according to consumer needs and labeling requirements.

Highlights

Introduction to the process of detergent manufacturing with a flowchart.

The first step involves creating a surfactant paste from kerosene or diesel.

Sulfonation of dodecylbenzene at a controlled temperature of 55 degrees Celsius.

Mixing the resulting mixture to produce dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

Neutralization of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid with NaOH in a mixer.

Formation of the surfactant paste, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

Transfer of the surfactant paste to a subtank for pressure or safety control.

Cooling of the surfactant paste in a cooler.

Storage of the cooled surfactant in a storage tank.

Combining the surfactant with sodium tripolyphosphate and additives in a tracer.

High-speed mixing to achieve a homogeneous mixture.

Removal of water in the mixer to thicken the mixture due to the hydration reaction.

Transfer of the mixture to a drop tank and then to the top of the spray tower with a high-pressure pump.

Spray process at the top of the tower with hot air blown from the bottom.

Collection of detergent droplets at the bottom of the tower and transfer to cycle 1.

Cycle 1 functions to separate hot vapor and entrained particles.

Transfer of entrained particles back to the tracer and hot vapor to the chimney.

Conveyor belt transport of high free cover droplets to cycle 2 for further separation.

Separation of droplets from residual heat in cycle 2 and transfer to cycle 3.

Conveyor belt transport of droplets to a vibrating screen for standard size sorting.

Addition of fragrance to the droplets on the conveyor belt before packaging.

Final packaging of the detergent according to labels and consumer needs.

Closing remarks and thanks from Pak Yoga for the detergent manufacturing process explanation.