Part 11 The Cell & Type of Cell

Summary

In this educational video, Emiliano Bonaflor explores the fascinating world of cells, the fundamental building blocks of life. He outlines the objectives to appreciate cell parts, understand their functions, and differentiate between cell types. Cells, the smallest units of life capable of replication, are categorized into prokaryotic and eukaryotic, with the former lacking membrane-bound organelles and the latter possessing a membrane-bound nucleus. The video delves into the roles of various organelles and the importance of the cell membrane. It also touches on the significance of cell size and shape, and how these microscopic entities, from bacteria to complex eukaryotic cells, play crucial roles in all forms of life, including human health and industry.

Takeaways

• 🧬 A cell is the smallest unit of life capable of replication and functioning independently.
• 🔬 Cells have general features including a nucleus with genetic material, cytoplasm with organelles, and a semi-permeable cell membrane.
• 🌐 Cells come in various shapes and sizes, most being microscopic and not visible to the naked eye.
• 🌱 All organisms, except viruses, are composed of cells and can be classified based on cell type.
• 🦠 Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have genetic material in the form of a single, circular chromosome in the cytoplasm.
• 🕰️ Prokaryotic cells are the oldest, having evolved about four billion years ago, and include bacteria and archaea.
• 🍶 Prokaryotes can have beneficial roles in food production, such as producing alcohol and amino acids, but some can also cause diseases.
• 🌳 Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and are compartmentalized with organelles for various cellular functions.
• 🔬 Eukaryotes encompass all life kingdoms except Monera and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
• 🏭 Eukaryotic cells can be specialized for specific functions, such as hormone production or mechanical work like muscle cells.
• 📚 The video aims to help viewers appreciate cell parts, understand their functions, and differentiate between types of cells.

Q & A

What is the basic unit of life according to the video script?

The basic unit of life is the cell, which is capable of replication and can function independently.

What are the general features of a cell mentioned in the script?

The general features of a cell include the nucleus containing genetic material, the cytoplasm filled with a semi-fluid matrix and various organelles, and the semi-permeable cell membrane.

What is the nucleus of a cell responsible for?

The nucleus is responsible for containing the cell's genetic material.

What fills the cytoplasm of a cell?

The cytoplasm is filled with a semi-fluid matrix and various organelles.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What are the typical sizes of cells?

Most cells are about one over one thousand of an inch or 0.0025 centimeters in diameter, making them microscopic and not visible to the naked eye.

How are organisms classified based on the type of cells they have?

Organisms are classified based on whether they have prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have their genetic material in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and compartmentalized organelles.

What are the two domains of life that include prokaryotic cells?

The two domains of life that include prokaryotic cells are bacteria and archaea.

What is the size range of most prokaryotic cells?

Most prokaryotic cells range from 0.5 to 2.0 microns in diameter.

How do eukaryotic cells differ in size compared to prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are typically about 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells.

What are some of the functions of prokaryotic cells in relation to humans?

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, can be beneficial or harmful to humans. They can be used in food production to produce alcohol, amino acids, and digest cellulose, but some can also cause diseases by invading other organisms.

What is the role of specialized cells in eukaryotic organisms?

Specialized cells in eukaryotic organisms function as factories for the production of specific substances such as hormones, starch, fat, and perform mechanical work like muscle cells.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Introduction to Cells and Their Types

The script introduces the concept of cells as the basic units of life, capable of replication and independent function, often referred to as the building blocks of life. It sets three objectives: to appreciate the parts of cells, understand their functions, and differentiate between types of cells. Cells are described as having a nucleus containing genetic material, cytoplasm filled with a semi-fluid matrix and organelles, and a semi-permeable cell membrane. The script also notes the microscopic nature of cells, their various shapes and sizes, and that all organisms except viruses are cellular, with classification based on cell type.

🌐 Prokaryotic Cells: Basics and Characteristics

This section delves into the first type of cell, the prokaryotic cell, which lacks membrane-bound organelles and has genetic material in the form of a single chromosome located in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells are identified as the first cells to evolve on Earth about four billion years ago and include bacteria and archaea. These cells range from 0.5 to 2.0 microns in diameter and can be either harmful or beneficial to humans, with applications in food production and potential to cause diseases.

🌿 Eukaryotic Cells: Structure and Functions

The script then contrasts prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells, which possess a membrane-bound nucleus and compartmentalized cellular functions within organelles and a membrane system. Eukaryotic cells, which make up all life kingdoms except monera, are generally larger than prokaryotes and are specialized for various functions such as hormone production, starch and fat synthesis, and mechanical work in muscle cells. The eukaryotic cell's structure is supported by a cytoskeleton.

Keywords

💡Cell

A cell is the fundamental unit of life, capable of replication and functioning independently. It is often referred to as the building block of life. In the video, cells are described as the smallest structures of organisms, highlighting their importance in the context of biological organization and function.

💡Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material. It plays a crucial role in the video as the central repository of genetic information, essential for the replication and functioning of cells.

💡Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within a cell, containing organelles suspended in a semi-fluid matrix. It is highlighted in the video as the site where many cellular activities occur, emphasizing its role in supporting cell functions.

💡Cell Membrane

The cell membrane, also known as the semi-permeable membrane, is a thin layer that surrounds cells, controlling the movement of substances in and out. The video mentions it as a key feature of cells, indicating its importance in maintaining cellular integrity and homeostasis.

💡Prokaryotic Cell

A prokaryotic cell is a cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and its genetic material is located in the cytoplasm. The video describes prokaryotic cells as the first type of cells to evolve, including bacteria and archaea, and discusses their size and functions.

💡Eukaryotic Cell

An eukaryotic cell is a cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which compartmentalize cellular functions. The video contrasts eukaryotic cells with prokaryotic cells, emphasizing their larger size and the complexity of their internal structures.

💡Genetic Material

Genetic material, such as DNA, is the hereditary substance in an organism that carries genetic information. The video explains that in prokaryotic cells, genetic material is found in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotic cells, it is contained within the nucleus.

💡Organelles

Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions. The video discusses organelles in the context of eukaryotic cells, where they are enclosed by membranes and contribute to the cell's overall function.

💡Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that provide structural support and facilitate movement within cells. The video mentions the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells, indicating its role in maintaining cell shape and enabling cellular activities.

💡Bacteria

Bacteria are a domain of prokaryotic microorganisms that can be beneficial or harmful to humans. The video provides examples of how bacteria can be used in food production and cause diseases, illustrating their dual role in human life.

💡Archaea

Archaea are another domain of prokaryotic life forms, distinct from bacteria. The video briefly mentions archaea as part of the prokaryotic cell category, indicating their evolutionary significance.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of cells and their types by Emiliano Bonaflor.

Objectives of the video: appreciation of cell parts, understanding their functions, and differentiation of cell types.

A cell is defined as the smallest unit of life capable of replication and independent function.

The nucleus contains genetic material and is found in the nuclei.

Cytoplasm is filled with a semi-fluid matrix and various organelles.

The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier.

Cells come in various shapes and sizes, often microscopic and not visible to the naked eye.

All organisms except viruses are cellular and can be classified based on cell type.

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have genetic material in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled and were the first to evolve on Earth about four billion years ago.

Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 microns in diameter.

Bacteria can be beneficial or harmful to humans, with applications in food production and causing diseases.

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and compartmentalized cellular functions within organelles.

Eukaryotes encompass all life kingdoms except for the kingdom Monera and are generally larger than prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells are specialized for the production of substances like hormones, starch, and fats, and perform mechanical work like muscle cells.

Closing remarks encouraging learning and doing the right thing.

Transcripts

hello everybody and once again a good

day

i am exer emiliano bonaflor and this day

we will discuss about the cell and the

type of

cell so with that these videos aims the

following objectives

first is appreciate the parts of the

cells

next is understand the functions on the

parts of the cells

lastly we have differentiate the types

of cells

so with that immerse yourself as we

explore together the world of living

cell

a cell is the smallest unit of life that

is capable

of replication and can function

independently

and it is often called the building

blocks of

life and the smallest structure of

organism has these general features

first is we have the nucleus wherein it

contains

genetic materials and it is found in a

nuclei

next is the cytoplasm wherein it is

filled with

semi-fluid matrix and various

organelles and lastly we have the

semi-permeable membrane

or the cell membrane

so these cells came in different

shapes and sizes some cells

have this snowflakes in shape bowls

cubes saucers etc but most

of these cells are one over one thousand

in an inch or .0025 centimeter

in diameter and that makes it

microscopic

and we cannot see them in our naked eyes

so all organisms except viruses are

cellular

so one way of classifying these

organisms is according to the type of

cells

first type of cell is the so-called the

prokaryotic cell

where in this prokaryotic cell possess

no membrane-bound organelles

the genetic material is present in the

nuclear region

in the cytoplasm and is called

the dna of the prokaryotic cells

consists

of single chromosome that is

indirect with the cytoplasm

don't you know that prokaryotic cells

are single-celled

and the first cell to evolve when life

came into the earth

about that was about four billion years

ago

so prokaryotes include two domains of

life

that is the bacteria and archaea and

most prokaryotes

range from 0.5 to 2.0 micron

in diameter so these simple organisms

like bacteria

they can be harmful or beneficial to

human

and some of it can be utilized in food

production because

they can produce alcohol a function to

produce amino acids

and can digest cellulose but some can

invade

other creatures and multiply causing

them

diseases next type of cells is the

so-called

the prokaryote the eukaryotic cell the

circulating cell possessed

with a membrane-bound nucleus

that is compartmentalized mainly

cellular functions within organelles

and in the membrane system and the

cytoskeleton

for support and to maintain cellular

structure

this eukaryote is comprised of all the

life kingdom

except for the kingdom monera most

eukaryotes are

10 times larger than that of prokaryotes

so some cells are specialized factories

for the production of particular

substances such as hormones starch

fat and other engines like the muscle

cells that

burn fuel to do mechanical work so

i hope that you learned something today

and that would be all

thank you for listening and have a nice

day always remember

just do the right thing and yours