OFERTA e DEMANDA no Mercado Financeiro | Economia Descomplicada

Gabriela Mosmann

23 Nov 201809:37

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the fundamental concept of supply and demand, the heartbeat of economics. It explains how these forces determine the price of goods in a market, where buyers and sellers negotiate. The script also touches on the imperfections of real-world markets, including monopolies, seasonal demand fluctuations, and behavioral economics, emphasizing the complexities beyond the basic theory. It uses financial markets as an example, illustrating how stock prices are influenced by supply and demand dynamics, and concludes with a personal investment philosophy favoring a passive approach in a market that tends to self-regulate.

Takeaways

📚 The script discusses the fundamental concept of supply and demand, which is central to economics.
💡 Supply and demand act as forces that help determine the price of goods in the market.
🛍️ Demand represents the quantity of goods that consumers are willing to purchase at a certain price, with higher demand at lower prices.
📈 Offer, on the other hand, is determined by sellers who want to sell goods at a certain price, with more supply at higher prices.
⚖️ The equilibrium price is where the supply and demand meet, but it's not always easily achieved due to various market factors.
🌐 The concept of a 'perfect market' is introduced, where supply and demand adjust without any hindrance, but it's rarely seen in real-world scenarios.
🔄 Factors such as monopolies, costs, and seasonal variations can distort the balance between supply and demand.
💐 Examples are given, such as the demand for flowers being higher during festive occasions, which can outstrip supply.
📊 The script touches on the complexity of real-world economics, where the theory of supply and demand is not always straightforward.
📈 In financial markets, the price of stocks is influenced by the balance of supply and demand, with prices falling when there's an excess of supply.
💹 The idea that markets are self-adjusting and self-correcting is challenged, suggesting that speculation and day trading can be profitable due to market imperfections.
🤔 The speaker shares their personal investment philosophy, favoring a more passive approach and long-term growth over short-term speculation.

Q & A

What is the core concept of economics discussed in the script?
-The core concept discussed in the script is the law of supply and demand, which is fundamental in determining the price of goods in the market.
How does the market bring buyers and sellers together?
-The market brings buyers and sellers together in an environment that can be physical or online, facilitating the negotiation of goods and the definition of prices through the interaction of supply and demand.
What is the relationship between price and demand for a good?
-The relationship between price and demand is inversely proportional; as the price of a good decreases, the demand generally increases, and vice versa.
How does the supply of a good change with its price?
-The supply of a good is directly proportional to its price; as the price increases, the supply tends to increase as sellers are more willing to offer the good for a higher profit, and vice versa.
What is the equilibrium price in the context of supply and demand?
-The equilibrium price is the point where the quantity demanded by consumers equals the quantity supplied by producers, creating a balance in the market.
Why might the equilibrium price not always be achieved in a perfect market?
-The equilibrium price might not always be achieved due to various factors such as costs, monopolies, and other market imperfections that can distort the balance between supply and demand.
What is the impact of seasonality on supply and demand?
-Seasonality can cause fluctuations in supply and demand, with certain goods like flowers having higher demand during festive occasions, which may not always be met by supply due to factors like planting cycles and crop failures.
How do behavioral economics factors influence the law of supply and demand?
-Behavioral economics factors such as changing preferences and values over time can influence demand, making it dynamic and not as straightforward as the traditional supply and demand model suggests.
What is the role of speculation in financial markets according to the script?
-In financial markets, speculation can play a role in price adjustments as investors anticipate changes in supply and demand, leading to fluctuations in stock prices.
Why might it be difficult to make profits through day trading in a perfectly adjusted market?
-In a perfectly adjusted market, prices are already reflecting the true value of goods, making it difficult to profit from short-term trading as there is less room for price discrepancies.
What is the speaker's personal philosophy towards market investment?
-The speaker's personal philosophy towards market investment is more passive, preferring to buy when opportunities arise and letting the portfolio grow over time, rather than actively speculating on price adjustments.

Outlines

00:00

📈 The Heart of Economics: Supply and Demand

This paragraph introduces the fundamental concept of supply and demand, which is considered the core of economic science. It explains how the market brings together buyers and sellers, either physically or online, to negotiate the price of goods. The principle behind this law is that demand represents the quantity of goods people want to buy at a certain price, and the lower the price, the higher the demand. Conversely, the supply is determined by sellers who want to sell goods at a certain price, and the higher the price, the greater the supply. The equilibrium price is where buyers and sellers meet, but the speaker notes that in a perfect market, this equilibrium is not always easily achieved due to various factors such as costs, monopolies, and seasonal variations. Examples like the fluctuating demand for flowers during holidays illustrate the challenges in achieving market equilibrium.

05:01

💼 Behavioral Economics and Financial Markets

The second paragraph delves into the complexities of supply and demand beyond the basic economic model, touching on behavioral economics and its impact on market dynamics. It discusses how people's demands change over time, affecting the valuation of goods. The speaker uses financial markets as an example, explaining how the price of stocks is influenced by supply and demand. When there is a high supply and low demand, stock prices fall, and vice versa. The paragraph challenges the idea of perfectly self-adjusting markets, suggesting that speculation and day trading can be profitable due to market imperfections. The speaker shares their investment philosophy, advocating for a more passive approach, buying when opportunities arise and letting the portfolio grow over time, rather than actively speculating on market fluctuations.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Supply and Demand

Supply and Demand is a fundamental economic concept that describes the relationship between the quantity of a product that producers are willing to supply and the quantity that consumers are willing to purchase at various price points. In the video, it is described as the 'heart of economics', illustrating how the market brings together buyers and sellers to negotiate the price of goods. The script uses the example of how the price of goods is determined through the balance of supply and demand, which is central to understanding market dynamics.

💡Market Equilibrium

Market Equilibrium refers to a state where the quantity of goods that producers are willing to supply equals the quantity that consumers are willing to buy at a certain price. The video explains that this equilibrium price is not always easily achieved due to various market imperfections. The concept is used to discuss the ideal scenario where supply meets demand without any hindrances, which is contrasted with real-world market conditions.

💡Economic Theory

Economic Theory encompasses the models and principles that economists use to understand and predict economic phenomena. The video script references economic theory to explain the basic principles of supply and demand and market equilibrium, and how these theories can be applied to understand real-world market behaviors, such as fluctuations in stock prices.

💡Price Determination

Price Determination is the process by which the price of a good or service is established in a market. The video discusses how price is set through the interaction of supply and demand, and how this process can be influenced by various factors, including market imperfections and external influences, which can cause prices to deviate from the equilibrium level.

💡Behavioral Economics

Behavioral Economics is a field of study that integrates insights from psychology with traditional economic theory to understand how individuals make decisions. The script briefly touches on this concept, mentioning how people's demands can change over time, affecting market dynamics and the equilibrium between supply and demand.

💡Monopoly

A Monopoly occurs when a single company or entity dominates a market, allowing it to control supply and influence prices. The video mentions the impact of a monopoly on the supply side of the market, suggesting that a monopolistic entity could distort the natural balance between supply and demand, leading to higher prices and reduced competition.

💡Seasonality

Seasonality refers to the predictable fluctuations in demand or supply that occur at certain times of the year. The script uses the example of flowers, whose demand increases during festive occasions like Valentine's Day or Mother's Day, to illustrate how seasonality can affect market prices and the balance of supply and demand.

💡Stock Market

The Stock Market is a platform where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold. The video discusses the stock market in the context of supply and demand, explaining how the price of stocks can rise or fall based on the balance between the number of shares offered for sale (supply) and the number of shares investors want to buy (demand).

💡Speculation

Speculation is the act of buying or selling financial instruments based on the belief that their prices will rise or fall in the future. The script touches on the idea of speculation in the stock market, suggesting that understanding the principles of supply and demand can help investors make informed decisions about when to buy or sell stocks.

💡Investment Philosophy

Investment Philosophy refers to a set of principles or beliefs that guide an individual's approach to investing. The video concludes with the speaker's personal investment philosophy, which is to invest passively and hold onto stocks for the long term, rather than engaging in active trading based on short-term market fluctuations.

💡Market Imperfections

Market Imperfections are factors that prevent a market from achieving the ideal state of supply and demand equilibrium. The video script discusses various imperfections, such as monopolies and seasonality, that can cause the actual market prices to deviate from the theoretical equilibrium prices predicted by economic models.

Highlights

Introduction of the law of supply and demand as the core concept of economics.

Explanation of how the market brings together buyers and sellers to negotiate the price of goods.

Demand is the quantity of goods that buyers wish to purchase at a given price, typically higher at lower prices.

Supply is determined by sellers' willingness to offer goods at a certain price, increasing with higher prices.

The equilibrium price is defined by the meeting point of supply and demand.

The concept of a perfect market where supply and demand adjust without any hindrance.

Real-world market imperfections and factors that prevent the perfect equilibrium from being achieved.

Impact of monopolies on supply and market equilibrium.

Seasonality affecting demand and supply, exemplified by the case of flowers during holidays.

The difficulty in achieving equilibrium prices due to market fluctuations and supply-demand differences.

Behavioral economics and how people's demands change over time, affecting market dynamics.

The self-regulating nature of supply and demand, but with a note on its imperfections.

Discussion on financial markets, particularly the supply and demand of stocks and their prices.

The relationship between stock prices and the balance of supply and demand in the stock market.

Critique of the efficient market hypothesis and its implications for speculation and day trading.

Personal investment philosophy leaning towards passive investing and long-term growth.

The speaker's perspective on the adaptability of financial markets and the challenges of speculation.

Encouragement for viewers to question and explore economic theories beyond the basics.

Invitation for feedback and further discussion on the topics covered in the video.

Closing remarks with an invitation to share the video and support the channel.