Types of Pumps | All in One Guide to Industrial Pump Types

Summary

This script delves into the critical role of pumps in various industries, highlighting their importance in hydraulic systems. It defines pumps as devices that move and energize fluids, distinguishing between positive displacement pumps, which use volume changes to move fluid, and rotodynamic pumps, which convert velocity to pressure. The video explores different pump types, such as reciprocating, membrane, radial plunger, sliding vane, screw, lobe, gear, and centrifugal pumps, each with unique mechanisms and applications. It emphasizes the prevalence of centrifugal pumps in petroleum plants due to their simplicity and efficiency.

Takeaways

• 💧 Pumps are essential in various industries, including water management, automotive, and energy sectors.
• 🔧 A pump is a mechanical device that moves fluids by converting mechanical energy into pressure energy.
• 🔄 There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps.
• 🌀 Positive displacement pumps move fluid by expanding or contracting a closed volume, like the human heart.
• 🏗️ Rotodynamic pumps, such as centrifugal and axial flow pumps, use rotating blades called impellers to transfer energy to the fluid.
• 🔩 Reciprocating or piston pumps operate on a crank and connecting rod mechanism, moving fluid through suction and discharge actions.
• 🛑 Membrane pumps use a flexible membrane to create suction and discharge, making them leak-proof and suitable for hazardous liquids.
• 🔄 Radial plunger pumps have plungers that move radially, creating high RPMs and pressures.
• 🔄 Sliding vane pumps use centrifugal force to push vanes against the casing, creating chambers for fluid movement.
• 🔄 Screw pumps use counter-rotating screw rotors to trap and compress fluid, moving it axially.
• 🔄 Low pumps, similar to gear pumps, are designed for self-priming and handling contaminated or solid-laden liquids.
• 🔄 Gear pumps are used for high-viscosity liquids, with gears rotating in the housing to move fluid.
• 🔄 Internal gear pumps have improved efficiency and quieter operation compared to classic gear pumps.
• 🌐 Centrifugal pumps are widely used due to their simplicity, high efficiency, and ease of maintenance.
• 🌐 Axial flow pumps are known for their high flow rates at low head, suitable for large-scale fluid circulation.

Q & A

What is the primary function of a pump?

A pump's primary function is to move fluids from one place to another by means of mechanical action and to add energy to the fluid, thereby increasing its pressure.

What are the two main types of pumps mentioned in the script?

The two main types of pumps mentioned are positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps.

How does a positive displacement pump operate?

In a positive displacement pump, fluid is directed into a closed volume and energy transfer to the liquid is accomplished by the movement of the boundary of the closed volume, causing it to expand or contract, which sucks in and squeezes out the liquid.

What is an example of a positive displacement pump?

The human heart is an excellent example of a positive displacement pump.

How do rotodynamic pumps convert energy in the fluid?

Rotodynamic pumps convert energy by using rotating blades, called impellers, which supply energy to the fluid and mostly convert velocity to pressure's energy.

What is the working principle of a reciprocating or piston pump?

A reciprocating or piston pump works on the principle of a classic crank, connecting rod mechanism, creating a suction and discharge action as the piston moves back and forth within the cylinder.

Why are membrane pumps considered hermetic?

Membrane pumps are considered hermetic because they do not leak, as the liquid cannot penetrate the seal, making them suitable for handling explosive, radioactive, or corrosive substances.

What is unique about the operation of a screw pump?

Screw pumps operate using two counter-rotating screw rotors that are engineered to rotate towards each other, trapping and compressing the liquid, and moving it towards the exhaust in an axial direction.

How does a gear pump handle high viscosity liquids?

A gear pump is used for high viscosity liquids as it fills tooth cavities on the suction side and presses the liquid away by repression on the discharge side, making it suitable for such applications.

What is the typical application of a mono pump?

A mono pump is typically used for self-priming properties and is suitable for handling contaminated liquids or liquids with solid parts, such as yogurt from fruits.

Why are centrifugal pumps so prevalent in petroleum plants?

Centrifugal pumps are prevalent in petroleum plants because of their design simplicity, high efficiencies, and ease of operation and maintenance.

What is the main advantage of axial flow pumps in terms of flow rate and head?

Axial flow pumps provide a high flow rate at a low head, making them suitable for circulating fluids in power plants, sewage digesters, and evaporators.

Outlines

00:00

🔧 Pumps: The Heart of Industrial Fluid Movement

This paragraph introduces the essential role of pumps in various industries, emphasizing their importance in hydraulic systems. Pumps are defined as devices that move fluids mechanically and add energy to increase fluid pressure. The paragraph outlines the two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps, which work by expanding or contracting a closed volume to move fluid, exemplified by the human heart, and rotodynamic pumps, which use an impeller to convert velocity to pressure energy. The summary also touches on the working principles of several specific pump types, including reciprocating or piston pumps, membrane pumps known for their hermetic seal, radial plunger pumps with high RPMs and pressure, sliding vane pumps with their unique rotor and stator design, screw pumps that use counter-rotating screws, and low pumps suitable for handling contaminated liquids.

05:02

🌀 Exploring the Diversity of Pump Types

The second paragraph delves deeper into the variety of pump types, starting with the low pump, which is similar to a gear pump but has fewer teeth and is used for self-priming with contaminated liquids. It then describes the gear pump, which is used for high-viscosity liquids and operates by filling and pressing liquid through tooth cavities. The internal gear pump is highlighted for its improved volumetric efficiency and quiet operation. The mono pump is characterized by its screw-like rotor and stator design, creating cavities that transport fluid from suction to discharge. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on centrifugal pumps, which are widely used due to their simplicity, efficiency, and ease of maintenance, and axial flow pumps, also known as propeller pumps, which are recognized for their high flow rates at low head, suitable for applications in power plants, sewage digesters, and evaporators. The paragraph ends with a call to action for viewers to subscribe to the channel for more content.

Keywords

💡Pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids from one place to another by mechanical action, adding energy to the fluid and increasing its pressure. In the context of the video, pumps are essential in various industries, such as water management, automotive, and energy sectors. The script mentions pumps being used in water dams, car engines for cooling and fuel injection, and in power plants for oil and natural gas pumping.

💡Hydraulic System

A hydraulic system is a type of fluid power system that uses pressurized fluid to transmit power for mechanical operation. The video emphasizes the importance of pumps as one of the most crucial components in a hydraulic system, highlighting their role in thoughtful and careful handling of these systems.

💡Positive Displacement Pumps

Positive displacement pumps are a type of pump that moves fluid by trapping a fixed amount and then forcing that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. The script illustrates this by describing the process where the volume expands or contracts, such as in the example of the human heart, which serves as an excellent example of a positive displacement pump.

💡Rotodynamic Pumps

Rotodynamic pumps, also known as dynamic pumps, transfer energy to the fluid through the movement of rotating blades, converting velocity into pressure. The script mentions that these pumps do not have a closed volume and use an impeller to supply energy to the fluid, with examples including centrifugal and axial flow pumps.

💡Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses an impeller to generate flow by creating a pressure difference. The video describes how fluid enters axially and is discharged radially or tangentially, highlighting the pump's widespread use in the petroleum industry due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ease of maintenance.

💡Axial Flow Pump

An axial flow pump, also referred to as a propeller pump, generates pressure by utilizing fluid momentum and velocity. The script explains that these pumps are known for their high flow rates at low head and are used in applications such as power plants, sewage digesters, and evaporators.

💡Reciprocating Pump

A reciprocating pump operates using a piston or plunger mechanism to create suction and discharge cycles. The script describes how this type of pump works, with the piston moving to create an airless space that allows atmospheric pressure to push water into the cylinder, exemplifying the classic crank, connecting rod mechanism.

💡Membrane Pump

A membrane pump uses a flexible membrane that moves up and down to create suction and discharge actions. The video emphasizes the hermetic nature of membrane pumps, which makes them ideal for handling liquids where leaks must be avoided, such as explosive, radioactive, or corrosive substances.

💡Sliding Vane Pump

A sliding vane pump features a rotor with vanes that are acted upon by centrifugal force, causing them to press against the casing wall and form chambers for fluid movement. The script explains how the vanes create suction at the top and discharge liquid at the bottom, with the pump capable of high RPMs and pressures.

💡Screw Pump

A screw pump operates by using two counter-rotating screw rotors that trap and move fluid axially without rotating it. The video describes the mechanism where the trapped volume decreases, compressing and moving the liquid towards the exhaust, with capabilities of high flow rates and discharge pressures.

💡Gear Pump

A gear pump consists of two interlocking gears that rotate within a housing, filling tooth cavities on the suction side and pressing liquid out on the discharge side. The script mentions that gear pumps are used when dealing with high viscosity liquids, illustrating their function in such contexts.

Highlights

Pumps are essential in various industries, including water dams, car industry for cooling and fuel injection, and energy sector for oil and gas pumping.

Pumps are vital components in hydraulic systems, requiring careful handling.

A pump is defined as a device moving fluids by mechanical action and adding energy to increase fluid pressure.

There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps.

Positive displacement pumps move fluid by expanding or contracting a closed volume.

The human heart serves as an example of a positive displacement pump.

Rotodynamic pumps convert velocity to pressure energy using rotating blades called impellers.

Examples of dynamic pumps include centrifugal and axial flow pumps.

Reciprocating or piston pumps operate on a crank, connecting rod mechanism.

Membrane pumps use a movable membrane to create suction and discharge without leaks, suitable for hazardous liquids.

Radial plunger pumps have high RPMs and pressures, with plungers sliding in radial holes.

Sliding vane pumps use centrifugal force to push vanes against the casing wall, forming chambers for fluid movement.

Screw pumps use counter-rotating screw rotors to trap and move liquid axially without rotation.

Lobe pumps are similar to gear pumps but with fewer teeth for self-priming and handling contaminated liquids.

Gear pumps have two gears with one connected to the driving shaft, used for high viscosity liquids.

Internal gear pumps have an internal toothed rotor for better efficiency and quieter operation.

Mono pumps feature a rotor with a large pitch and closely fitted stator for continuous cavity progression.

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in petroleum plants for their simplicity, efficiency, and ease of maintenance.

Axial flow pumps, also known as propeller pumps, provide high flow rates at low head, used in power plants and sewage systems.

Transcripts

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pumps are critical and vital part of

almost every industry pumps are mostly

used in water dams

in the car industry for water cooling

and fuel injection and ic engine from

energy industry to pumping oil and

natural gas for operating cooling towers

and air conditioning systems and large

power plants pumps are the vital parts

of these complex systems pumps are one

of the most important components in a

hydraulic system

and should be dealt with thoughtfully

and carefully

so let us first define what is a pump

a pump is a device which moves fluids by

means of mechanical action

from one place to the other pumps also

add energy to a fluid

increasing fluid pressure

it is a hydraulic device that lifts

fluids from low to high levels the pump

transfers fluid by converting the fluids

mechanical energy into pressure energy

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now move on to the types of pumps in

general

there are two main types of pumps

positive displacement pumps and

rotodynamic pumps

positive displacement pumps in positive

displacement pumps fluid is directed

into a closed volume energy transfer to

the liquid is accomplished by movement

of the boundary of the closed volume

causing the volume to expand or contract

thereby sucking fluid and are squeezing

the liquid out respectively your heart

is an excellent example of a positive

displacement pump

in dynamic pumps there is no closed

volume instead

rotating blades supply energy to the

fluid thus

dynamic pumps mostly convert velocity to

pressure's energy for these pumps

rotating blades are called impeller

blades examples of dynamic pumps are

centrifugal pump and axial flow pumps

let us discuss different types of pump

and their working principles

the reciprocating or piston pump works

according to the classic crank

connecting rod mechanism

let's assume that the pipeline is filled

with water and that the piston is on the

extreme left if the piston moves to the

right

an airless space grows in the cylinder

the atmospheric pressure above the

suction reservoir presses the water from

the suction pipe toward the suction

valve this one opens

and the water flows into the cylinder

when the piston is on the extreme right

hand side

the pump cylinder is filled with water

the suction stroke ends after that the

piston will move to the left because of

this pressure occurs in the water that

closes the suction valve

and the press valve opens the water can

now flow in the press pipe and fill the

press reservoir

membrane pump

in membrane pump a membrane is moved

manually or automatically up and down

this produces a suction and press action

in principle

membrane pumps do not leak because the

liquid cannot penetrate the seal

this sort of pump is used where leaks

are to be avoided such a pump is called

a hermetic pump

this pump is used to deal with explosive

liquids or radioactive poisoned

or corrosive substances

radial plunger pump

the pump with radially moving plungers

consists of a disc rotor placed

eccentrically in the housing

there are radial holes where the

plungers can slide at the end of the

plungers or slide block or guide rollers

when the rotor rotates the plungers are

alternatively pushed in and out of the

holes so that suction and discharge

actions occur

radial pumps have rpms of as much as 300

with a nominal pressure of 320 bar

sliding vane pump

and sliding vane pump circular rotor is

eccentrically placed in the stator

housing the vanes are placed in the

rotor

as soon as it moves

a centrifugal force applies to the veins

this force pushes the veins against the

wall of the casing

chambers are formed between the veins

the stator and the rotor the bottom

sections become bigger and a suction

action arises at the top the sections

become smaller

and the liquid is discharged

sliding vane pumps have rpms of 3000 and

nominal pressures of up to 160 screw

pump

screw pumps operate using two counter

rotating screw rotors which are

engineered so that they rotate towards

each other

this traps the liquid in the space

between the screws of their rotors as

the screws rotate

this trapped volume decreases which not

only compresses the liquid but moves it

towards the exhaust

the rotating movement of the screw

pushes the liquid in an axial direction

the liquid does not rotate but moves in

a straight line axially

the flows go as high as 15 om 3 per hour

and the discharge pressures as much as

100 bar

low pump

this pump is like a gear pump but has

only two or three teeth

the rotors are connected with gears but

don't touch each other

the clearance between the rotors has to

be small to have self-priming properties

low pump is used for contaminated

liquids or liquids with solid parts like

yogurt from fruits

these pumps can maintain flow rate up to

600 m3 and maximum pressure of 14 bars

gear pump

the gear pump comprises two precisely

machined gears that rotate in the pump

housing

one of the gears will be connected with

the driving shaft while second one is

dragged by first one

on the suction side the liquid fills a

tooth cavity

and on the discharge side the liquid is

pressed away by repression

gear pump is used when the viscosity of

the liquid is too high

internal gear pump

in internal gear pumps the rotor with

internal toothing bee is driven with its

gear rotates in a closed housing

as the gears moves the space between the

teeth is now filled with liquid

as the teeth move out of each other

this causes the liquid to move to the

discharge side

internal gear pumps have better

volumetric efficiency and noiseless

operation than the classic gear pump

mono pump

in mono pump the rotor is a kind of

screw with a big pitch

with an intense thread and closely

fitted shaft

the stator has an angle that is twice

that of the rotor

this causes cavities between the stator

and the eccentric rotating rotor

the cavities progress continuously from

the suction to the press side

centrifugal pumps

in a centrifugal flow pump fluid enters

axilly in the same direction as the

rotating shaft axis in the pump center

liquid is discharged radially or

tangentially along the outer radius of

the pump casing

among all the installed pumps in a

typical petroleum plant

almost 80 90 are centrifugal pumps

centrifugal pumps are widely used

because of their design simplicity

high efficiencies

and ease of operation and maintenance

axial flow pump

axial flow pumps are also called as

propeller pumps

axial flow pump utilize fluid momentum

and velocity to generate pump pressure

these pumps provide high flow rate in

low head

they are used to circulate fluids in

power plants sewage digesters

and evaporators

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