CHAPTER 2: A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoon
Summary
TLDRThis video presentation delves into the political caricatures of the American era in the Philippines (1900s-1941), as examined in Alfred McCoy's 'Philippine Cartoons.' It explores how Filipino artists used cartoons to record national sentiments towards American influence and societal changes. The discussion highlights the role of political cartoons as a powerful tool for social and political commentary, often targeting figures of authority with humor and symbolism. Selected cartoons from the period are analyzed for their content and context, revealing insights into the political climate and public opinion of the time.
Takeaways
- 📚 The discussion revolves around Philippine political caricatures during the American era, as presented in Alfred McCoy's work.
- 🎨 Political caricatures gained significant expression in the Philippines during the American era, reflecting national attitudes and societal changes.
- 👨🏫 Alfred McCoy is a renowned historian and professor who specializes in Philippine political history and global opium trafficking.
- 🏆 McCoy has received prestigious awards for his work, including the Philippine Catholic Mass Media Award and the Philippine National Book Award.
- 🖌️ Political cartoons and caricatures use exaggeration of human features for social and political commentary, often targeting persons of power and authority.
- 🌐 These art forms became integrated into print media as a means of social and political commentary, influencing public opinion and shaping societal perspectives.
- 🤔 The script delves into the definition and significance of political cartoons, highlighting their role in expressing opinions and critiquing societal issues.
- 📰 The discussion includes specific examples of political caricatures from newspapers and periodicals, providing context and analysis for each.
- 👮♂️ One cartoon critiques the Manila police's focus on small-time thieves instead of addressing larger societal issues, reflecting a common theme in political caricatures.
- 🚗 Another cartoon addresses the issue of colorum vehicles, commenting on the dangers and regulatory measures needed to combat unauthorized transportation.
- 🎥 A cinema-related cartoon captures generational contrast and societal norms, suggesting commentary on public behavior and regulations within public spaces.
- 🏛️ The script concludes with a reflection on the role of political caricatures in shaping the political climate and offering insights into the American era in the Philippines.
Q & A
What is the main topic of discussion in the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the examination of Philippine political caricatures during the American era from the 1900s to 1941, as presented in Alfred McCoy's work on Philippine cartoons.
Who is Alfred W. McCoy and what are his areas of specialization?
-Alfred W. McCoy is a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, where he also served as the director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies. He specializes in Philippine political history and global opium trafficking.
What are some of the awards Alfred McCoy has received for his work?
-Alfred McCoy has received the Philippine Catholic Mass Media Award, Best Book of the Year for 1985, the Philippine National Book Award for History in 1986, and the Gintong Araw Award in Manila with a Special Citation for History in 1987.
What is the definition of political cartoons and caricature as mentioned in the script?
-Political cartoons and caricatures are art forms that use exaggeration of human features to convey social effects, departing from classical art's aim for realistic representation. They are used in editorial cartoons, entertainment, and as a form of social commentary, often targeting persons of power and authority.
How did political cartoons serve as a tool for publicizing opinions during the American era in the Philippines?
-Political cartoons served as an effective tool for publicizing opinions by heavily using symbolism, which allowed them to convey messages in a concise and impactful manner, unlike verbose written editorials and opinion pieces.
What is the significance of analyzing commentaries in mass media in terms of historical examination?
-Analyzing commentaries in mass media is significant for understanding and analyzing public opinion, emphasizing the enduring impact of media narratives on societal perspectives over time.
What is the context of the first political caricature mentioned in the script, published on May 20, 1916?
-The first political caricature mentioned shows a politician from Tondo, Dr. Santos, passing his crown to his brother-in-law, Dr. Barcelona, with a Filipino man trying to stop the act, suggesting it's not the right time.
What societal issue is highlighted in the second cartoon published by 'The Independent' on June 16, 1917?
-The second cartoon serves as a commentary on the workings of the Manila police during the period, focusing on the action of the police in pursuing a child who stole a chicken due to hunger, while ignoring larger societal thieves.
What is the subject of the third cartoon mentioned in the script?
-The third cartoon is a commentary on the issue of colorum automobiles in city streets, highlighting the increasing prevalence of unauthorized vehicles and the associated dangers.
What generational contrast is depicted in the fourth cartoon regarding cinema experiences?
-The fourth cartoon captures a moment of generational contrast by showing two youngsters looking upset while an older couple appears amused, possibly commenting on different reactions to the content being shown in the cinema.
What message is conveyed by the fifth cartoon published by 'The Independent' on November 27, 1915?
-The fifth cartoon conveys a message about societal norms and regulations regarding public behavior in cinemas, showing a police officer on the cinema screen prohibiting couples from engaging in intimate activities.
What does the sixth cartoon, published by 'Leang Kalabo' on August 24, 1907, depict about the political climate during the American era?
-The sixth cartoon depicts Uncle Sam rationing patronage to politicians and members of the Progressive Party, with members of the Nationalist Party waiting for their turn, showing the patronage of the United States being coveted by politicians from one party over the other.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Philippine Political Caricatures
The script begins with an introduction to a lecture on Philippine history, focusing on political caricatures during the American era from the 1900s to 1941. It discusses the work of Alfred McCoy, a historian and professor known for his expertise in Philippine political history and global opium trafficking. McCoy's awards and popular works are highlighted, setting the stage for an exploration of political cartoons as a form of art that deviates from classical art through the exaggeration of human features for social and political commentary.
🖌️ The Art of Political Caricature
This paragraph delves into the definition of political cartoons and caricatures, explaining their role as a form of art that uses exaggeration to critique and comment on societal and political issues. It emphasizes the historical significance of these caricatures in shaping public opinion and their integration into print media as a means of social and political commentary, often targeting figures of power and authority with humor and symbolism.
👮♂️ Commentary on Manila Police and Social Issues
The script presents an analysis of two specific political cartoons from the American era in the Philippines. The first cartoon satirizes the passing of a political position from Dr. Santos to his brother-in-law, symbolizing nepotism in politics. The second cartoon critiques the Manila police's focus on minor crimes while ignoring larger societal issues, such as corruption, represented by a warehouse filled with stolen goods. These caricatures serve as a commentary on the social and political climate of the time.
🚗 Addressing the Issue of Colorum Vehicles
The third paragraph discusses a political cartoon that comments on the prevalence of unauthorized vehicles, or 'colorum' vehicles, on city streets. The cartoon is a visual critique of the dangers posed by these vehicles, especially in light of frequent fatal accidents. It suggests that the Philippine Free Press used such commentary to raise public awareness and call for regulatory measures to address the issue.
🎬 Societal Norms and Public Behavior in Cinemas
The fourth paragraph examines a cartoon that portrays a humorous scene in a cinema, where an older couple appears amused by a film that two youngsters are watching with discomfort. The cartoon likely comments on generational differences in reactions to cinematic content, with a humorous twist as a police officer on screen warns against public displays of affection, reflecting societal norms and regulations regarding behavior in public spaces.
🏛️ American Influence and Political Patronage
The final paragraph presents two additional political cartoons that reflect on American influence and political patronage in the Philippines during the American era. One cartoon depicts a scene where American objects are carried by Filipino students, symbolizing American control over the Filipino people. The other shows politicians from different parties vying for American patronage, illustrating the power dynamics and political maneuvering of the time. The discussion concludes with a reflection on the enduring impact of these political caricatures on societal perspectives.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Political Caricature
💡American Era
💡Alfred McCoy
💡Symbolism
💡Public Opinion
💡Nationalist Party
💡Progressist Party
💡Colorum
💡Societal Norms
💡Cinema
💡Generational Contrast
Highlights
Discussion on Philippine political caricature during the American era from 1900s to 1941.
Introduction to Alfred McCoy, a professor of history with specialization in Philippine political history and global opium trafficking.
McCoy's awards include the Philippine Catholic Mass Media Award, Best Book of the Year for 1985, and others.
Definition of political cartoons and caricatures as an art form that uses exaggeration for social effects.
Political cartoons as a form of social and political commentary, often targeting persons of power and authority.
Cartoons as an effective tool for publicizing opinions through the heavy use of symbolism.
Commentaries in mass media shape public opinion and are worthy of historical examination.
Analysis of selected Philippine political caricatures and their context during the American era.
Cartoon from 1916 depicting a politician passing his political influence to a relative.
1917 cartoon commenting on the workings of the Manila police and their focus on minor crimes over significant ones.
Commentary on the prevalence of colorum vehicles and the associated dangers in city streets.
Cartoon illustrating generational contrast in reactions to cinema content.
Humor in societal norms and public behavior regulations in a cinema setting.
Cartoon from 1915 showing American influence controlling Filipinos through student imagery.
Political patronage by the United States being coveted by one party over another during the American era.
Reflection on the impact of political cartoons on societal perspectives and the enduring influence of media narratives.
Conclusion of the discussion on the significance of political caricatures in understanding Philippine history.
Transcripts
good day everybody welcome back to our
uh discussion about the readings in
Philippine history and we are still in
our chapter two and this is the another
primary source that we need to examine
its content
and context so this is the same uh
learning objectives no and now we'll be
talking about the a glance at selected
Philippine political caricature in
Alfred McCoy Philippine cartoons
political caric caricature of American
era from 1900s to
1941 so with this uh topic no during the
American era Philippines uh Philippine
political caricature or cartoons uh it
gained a full expressions or full
expression during the American era and
of course Filipino artists uh recorded
in natur uh a national attitudes toward
the coming of the Americans as well as
changing Moors and times
so uh with this discussion no it also
provides a valuable insights into a
political climate of the Philippines
During the period through the lens of
what political caricature so again we'll
be talking about the political
caricature of the American era from year
1900s to 19
41 but first let's have a background
about K Alfred W
mcoy born on June 8 1945 in
Massachusetts
USA a professor of history at the
University of
wiscansin where he also served as
director of Center for Southeast Asian
studies so again is a Shaka director and
a
professor he specialized in the
Philippine political history and Global
opium trafficking also he spent the past
quarter of his life writing about uh the
politics about the politics and history
of the opium trade and these are the
awards that he earned first is the
Philippine Catholic mass media Award
Best Book of the year for
1985 and the Philippine national book
award for history year
1986 and gintong aat award in Manila
special Citation for history in year
1987 and uh these are the other popular
works of uh mcoy first is caning shadow
of the American Century Monisha and
second is the poing Americas Empire
Monisha some of his popular works so
right now
we'll be delving into the definition of
what is political cartoons and or
caricature so before we delve to uh some
pictures or cartoons let's define first
what is political cartoons and
caricature it is an art form take note
it is an art form bold no it is an art
form which veed away from the classical
art by exaggerating human features and
poing find at its subject so of course
uh if we say caricature mud it involves
the uh exaggeration of physical features
of a person or a subject
for uh numerous or soical effects no
exaggerating feature
exaggerating uh human
feed exaggerating human features no and
it is a departure from classical art
which typically aim for uh realistic
representation some of the political
caricatures no it aim for a realistic
representation and the Art of caricature
has a long history and has been used in
various cultures and time periods for
different purposes and it can be found
found in editorial cartoons
entertainment and as a form of social
commentary and that is the political
cartoons and or caricature so such art
of genre and technique became a part of
the print media as a form of social and
political commentary again form of
social and political commentary which
usually Target persons of power and
authority again
usually Target prison of power and
authority so this art form uh refers to
caricature where an
exaggeration exaggeration and humor gam
to defect and saiz or criticize by means
of humor s individual in position of
power
and it became integrated into print
media as a means of social and political
commentary sometimes no targeting
authoritative figures for critic and of
course for amusement again this is a
form of social and political commentary
Target persons of power and
authority
next is cartoons became as effective
tool of publicizing opinions through
heavy use of symbolism no heavy use of
symbolis
symbolism which is different from a
verbose written editorial and
opinion um pieces so indeed cartoons or
political caricature no emerg as a
potent tool Express opinions by heavily
relying on the use of symbolism no
unlike verbos written
editorial and opin opinion pieces
cartoons as a visual elements and C
symbolism convey a messages in a concise
and impactful manner
next commentaries in mass media
inevitably shape public opinion
inevitably sh shape public opinion and
such kind of opinion is worthy of
historical examination so with this
commentaries presented in mass
media um significant influences or
significant influence on shaping public
opinion
and also uh it asserts now in
understanding and analyzing this public
opinion no no public opinion
understanding and analyzing this public
opinion is valuable historical
examination emphasize enduring impact of
media narratives on societal perspective
over time so with this in this book book
n mcoy talks uh it it about uh it was
about the Philippine cartoons political
cartoon of the American era year 1900s
to
1941 it is uh by afred Alfred McCoy
together with alfredo roses Sila comped
political cartoons published in
newspaper dailies and periodicals in the
time so for this part uh we're going to
look at the selected cartoons or
political caricatures and explain the
context of each one so try of uh explain
and content and context what's the
content or context of this political
caricature during the American era okay
first the first example shown below was
published in the
independent uh
publish name publisher no the
independent publish on May
20
1916 so this is our uh first no first
example of Philippine political
caricature about picture so this C
cartoon shows a politician from tundo
named Dr
Santos
politician from tondo SI Dr Santos
passing his crown no passing his crown
to his
brother-in-law na
see Barcelona Dr Barcelona so what's
next so a Filipino guy Monisha Filipino
guy
no a Filipino guy as defected wearing
salakot K wearing
salakot and
barong gamit was trying to
stop stop ni SI Dr Santos telling the
letter to stop giving Dr
basona not telling again telling the L
to uh stop giving Dr Barcelona the crown
because it is not his time to begin
within next next picture the second
cartoon was also published by the
independent on June 16
197
17 and drawn by Fernando Amoro again
Naish second cartoon on June 16
1917 Fernando
Amor so the cartoon was aimed as a
commentary to the workings of of Manila
police at the period again workings of
Manila police at the period so cartoon
indicate Misha s intention of serving as
a commentary on the operations or can
functioning of Manila police during this
uh this uh period and
cartoons uh often or sometimes use we
all know Nam cartoon uh cartoons uh
often uh use for humor or or humor to
convey critics or observation about
societal issues and
cartoon no cartoon the focus is on the
action no focus on the action or
policies of the Manila police
we can see a Filipino child no Filipino
child who
stole a skinny chicken because he had
nothing to
eat and the police officer this one the
police officer was relent relentlessly
pursuing the sad
child cartoon police was harshly no for
suing the
child
and a man wearing salakot G salakot and
parong was labeled as W de la Cruz grab
ni police officer telling him to leave
the
small time pockets and thieves and to
torn at the great thieves in
instead no insist de Laos insist de
Laos and
instead
focus
focus great
th recently
no and we are experiencing that in a
present
days and he was pointing to huge
Warehouse
instead
great
instead containing of box of rice milk
and grocery products
focus graes of rice milk grocery
products and many more instead
Focus American
a next the third cartoon was a
commentary on the unprecedented cases of
colorum automobiles in the city streets
so third car serve is a commentary on
notable exceptional instances of
colorum automobiles in the
City automobiles in the city in the city
streets and sorry and we all
know it is it typically refers any types
of
Vehicles operating while proper permits
or licenses and also
cartoon is likely aimed highlight and
critic increasing or or unusual
prevalence of such unauthorized Vehicles
s Oran environment and offering a visual
orical perspective on the
issue so the Philippine free PR no
publish this morning and publisher
any cartoon publish this commentary when
the fatal accidents involving colorum
vehicles and taxes taxes occurred too
often already so with this statement uh
suggest that uh that the Philippine Free
Press Philippine Free Press suggest
Philippine Free Press publish a
commentary during a
period fatal accid
involving vehicle and taxes where um
becoming frequent frequent sh and this
commentary is um uh likely to address
concern and danger associated with
unauthorized Vehicles parly colorum
taxes that needs to be highlighted for
the public awareness and potential
regulatory measures in response to the
increase frequency of fatal fatal uh
accidents involving such uh coloron
vehicles and
taxes next picture or
cartoon defects
anema there are two there
were two youngsters look while an older
couple seemed amused so another cartoon
so this cartoon indicates or portrays uh
a Cinema
Scene
individuals
individuals uh watching no watching in
cinema while an older couple older
couple appears to be entertained or
amuse so the cartoon likely captures a
moment of generational
contrast because possibly commenting on
different reactions or perspectives uh
toward the content being shown in the
cinema the specific emotions of the
youngsters and amusement of this uh
older couple no could convey a humorous
or thought
provoking thought provoking comment
on the diverse reactions of different
age groups to cinematic experience and
it was presented on
screen indicate
no it was presented on screen indicate
no necking or love making allowed so B
kissing and make some mysterious act
inside the
cinema and a blown up police officer was
at the screen saying that the couples
are not allowed to NE and Make Love
Therefore uh this cartoon suggest image
of a police officer image of a police
officer is displayed on the cinema
screen or delivering a
message coupl are prohibited from
engaging in and intimate activities such
as necking
or kiss Ing and making love
within
theer
cartoon um uh it appears to be a soical
commentary on societal Norms societal
norms and regulation in regards of
public Behavior once enter in cinema the
fifth cartoon was published Again by the
independent on no on November 27 1915 so
card let's
check so in this picture shown below uh
aside s side no we can see that
caricature of aquam riding a chariot no
riding a
chariot uh pulled by the Filipino
Filipinos wearing school uniforms so
Monisha ancam hold a
charot Filipino
Filipinos the Filipino boys were
carrying Americans objects no like
baseball
bat whiskey and boxing
gloves
and McCoy in his caption to this said
cartoon says that this cartoon was based
on an event in 1907 when William Howard
C no president n was brought to the
Manila Feer writing at charot food by
the students students of Lio de Manila
such uh such was condemned by the
Nationalist at that so to analyze this
no the Americans are controlling the
Filipinos and this is how American
Control
Act the next cartoon was published by
leang kalabo on August 24
1907 so in this picture shown no as side
we can see that Uncle some rationing
orang to the politicians and members of
the members of the progressist
progressist St party or sometimes known
as the Federalist Party and when members
of the Nationalist party look and wait
for their
turn
no and this carton deps the patronage of
the United States being coveted by
politicians from one party over the
other so therefore uh it shows of how I
mean it shows of what kind of society
and politics that we had during the
American era or during this period no
and it talk also about the political
parties Nationalist
and Nationalist and progressist party
no
yes
powerful then after how many
years brainwash raan to make it believe
and that is aide h is a sad reality so
that's the end of our discussion about
Igan at selected Philippine political
caricature in Alfred McCoy's Philippine
cartoons a political caricature of
American era year 1900s to
1941 thank you so much everybody for
listening our uh video presentation and
I hope that you learn something with
this discussion thank you so much and
have a great
day
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