Computador Quântico: O que está por trás da NOVA ERA da Computação?

Summary

O vídeo explica o que são computadores quânticos, como eles funcionam de forma diferente dos computadores tradicionais por usarem qubits em superposição, e como isso permite cálculos extremamente rápidos. O vídeo discute a origem da ideia com o físico Richard Feynman nos anos 80, os problemas complexos que computadores quânticos podem resolver como quebrar criptografia atual e modelar comportamento de átomos, e o futuro promissor mas distante da computação quântica acessível.

Takeaways

• 😲 Quantum computers use qubits instead of regular binary bits. Qubits can represent multiple states at once.
• 🤯 Qubits take advantage of the strange effects of quantum mechanics like superposition and entanglement.
• 😎 The idea for quantum computers originated in the 1980s by physicist Richard Feynman.
• 💡 Quantum computers are specialized for complex calculations like nuclear reactions or weather prediction.
• 🔒 They could crack modern encryption which is why some data is being stored now to decrypt later.
• 🛠 Building quantum computers requires cooling chips near absolute zero to maintain quantum effects.
• 👨‍🔬 Understanding quantum mechanics is notoriously confusing even for experts.
• 🏃‍♂️ There is already a race underway to make systems 'quantum resistant' with new cryptographic algorithms.
• 🏭 For now, only big companies and governments can afford the price tag for quantum computers.
• 🌟 Quantum computing opens up new frontiers in fields like medicine, chemistry, and meteorology.

Q & A

What is the main difference between a traditional computer and a quantum computer?

The main difference is that while traditional computers use bits that can be either 0 or 1, quantum computers use qubits which can be 0 and 1 at the same time due to a phenomenon called superposition.

Why are quantum computers kept at near absolute zero temperature?

Quantum computers need to be kept at near absolute zero temperature because this minimizes atomic motion and allows the quantum particles to be easily manipulated and observed.

Who first proposed the idea of a quantum computer and why?

The idea of a quantum computer was first proposed by physicist Richard Feynman in the 1980s. He wanted to simulate quantum systems which was not feasible on traditional computers due to the immense complexity of the calculations.

How does a quantum computer provide exponential speedups over traditional computers?

Due to superposition, adding more qubits exponentially increases the computational states that can be represented. This allows a quantum computer to evaluate all possible states simultaneously instead of sequentially like a traditional computer.

What are some of the use cases where quantum computers can provide major benefits?

Some major use cases are: complex simulations, cryptography and code breaking, machine learning, financial modeling, weather forecasting, chemistry simulations etc.

What is meant by 'store now, decrypt later'?

Some organizations are storing encrypted data now hoping that future quantum computers will be able to easily break the encryption so the data can be decrypted.

Why are quantum computers unlikely to be commercially accessible anytime soon?

The extreme environments required to operate quantum computers currently make them accessible only to large companies and governments due to high costs.

Are quantum computers a replacement or evolution of traditional computers?

Quantum computers are a completely different technology and not an evolution or replacement of traditional computers. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses.

What are some ways developers can start exploring quantum computing today?

Developers can start exploring quantum computing using open source frameworks like Qiskit. This allows experimenting with real quantum programs on emulators and real quantum processors.

What did Richard Feynman mean when he said 'If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don't understand quantum mechanics'?

He meant that quantum mechanics is extremely counter-intuitive and complex such that claiming a full understanding is likely overstating it.