What are the different types of databases in DBMS?

Summary

In this informative session by Learnaholic India, viewers are introduced to the concept of databases, exploring the definition of data and databases, and diving into various types such as centralized, distributed, relational, NoSQL, cloud, object-oriented, hierarchical, network, personal, operational, and enterprise databases. The video highlights the properties of relational databases, the flexibility of NoSQL, and the benefits of cloud databases, offering a comprehensive overview for those interested in database management systems.

Takeaways

• 📚 Data is a collection of distinct small units of information that can be stored in various forms like text, numbers, media, and bytes.
• 💾 A database is an organized collection of data designed for easy access and management, often structured into tables, rows, and columns.
• 🌐 Dynamic websites, such as those checking hotel room availability, rely on databases to manage and process data efficiently.
• 🔐 Database Management Systems (DBMS) oversee the management of modern databases, using SQL for operations based on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus.
• 🏢 Centralized Databases store data in a single location, offering advantages like decreased data management risk and consistent data quality.
• 🌐 Distributed Databases distribute data across different systems, connected via communication links, offering modular development and resilience to server failures.
• 📊 Relational Databases organize data in tables with rows and columns, using SQL for data manipulation, and are characterized by ACID properties ensuring data integrity.
• 🔑 NoSQL Databases offer a flexible approach to data storage, accommodating various data types beyond the tabular form, and are divided into key-value, document-oriented, graph, and wide-column stores.
• ☁️ Cloud Databases store data on virtual environments over cloud platforms, providing scalable services like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.
• 📈 Object-oriented Databases store data as objects, similar to those used in object-oriented programming, while Hierarchical and Network Databases organize data in tree-like and generalized graph structures, respectively.
• 👤 Personal Databases are designed for single-user use, being simple and occupying less storage space, whereas Operational and Enterprise Databases cater to real-time data operations and large-scale data management in organizations.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'Data' as mentioned in the script?

Data is defined as a collection of distinct small units of information that can be used in various forms like text, numbers, media, bytes, etc., and can be stored in pieces of paper or electronic memory.

What is the origin of the word 'Data'?

The word 'Data' is derived from the Latin word 'datum,' which means a single piece of information. 'Data' is the plural form of 'datum.'

How is data represented in computing?

In computing, data is information that can be translated into a form for efficient movement and processing, and it is considered interchangeable.

What is a database and how is it organized?

A database is an organized collection of data designed for easy access and management, often organized into tables, rows, columns, and indexed for easier retrieval of relevant information.

What is the purpose of a database?

The main purpose of a database is to operate a large amount of information by storing, retrieving, and managing data efficiently.

Can you provide an example of a dynamic website that uses a database?

An example of a dynamic website that uses a database is a model that checks the availability of rooms in a hotel.

What is a Centralized Database and what are some of its advantages?

A Centralized Database stores data at a single centralized system, allowing access from various locations through applications with authentication processes. Advantages include decreased risk of data manipulation, maintained data consistency, better data quality, and lower costs due to fewer vendors.

What are some disadvantages of a Centralized Database?

Disadvantages of a Centralized Database include large size leading to increased response time, difficulty in updating the extensive system, and the risk of losing entire data if a server failure occurs.

What is a Distributed Database and how does it differ from a Centralized Database?

A Distributed Database stores data across different database systems connected via communication links, allowing end-users to access data easily. Unlike a Centralized Database, it does not store all data in one location but distributes it for better accessibility and fault tolerance.

What is the significance of ACID properties in Relational Databases?

ACID properties in Relational Databases ensure Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability of data operations, guaranteeing reliable processing of transactions and data integrity.

Can you explain the concept of NoSQL Databases and their types?

NoSQL Databases are non-relational databases designed for storing a wide range of datasets in various formats. They can be categorized into Key-value storage, Document-oriented Databases, Graph Databases, and Wide-column stores, each serving different data storage needs.

What is a Cloud Database and what services does it provide?

A Cloud Database is a database where data is stored and executed over a cloud computing platform. It provides various cloud computing services such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS for accessing the database.

What are Object-oriented Databases and how do they store data?

Object-oriented Databases use an object-based data model approach, storing data as objects similar to those used in object-oriented programming languages.

How does a Hierarchical Database organize data?

A Hierarchical Database organizes data in a tree-like structure with parent-children relationships, where each child record contains only one parent, and each parent can have multiple child records.

What is the difference between Hierarchical and Network Databases?

While Hierarchical Databases organize data in a tree structure with a single parent per child, Network Databases allow each record to have multiple children and parent nodes, forming a more generalized graph structure.

What is a Personal Database and what are some of its advantages?

A Personal Database is designed for a single user to collect and store data on their system. Advantages include simplicity, ease of handling, and occupying less storage space due to its small size.

What is an Operational Database and how does it function in businesses?

An Operational Database is designed for real-time creation and updating of data, handling daily data operations in businesses, such as managing daily transactions.

What are Enterprise Databases and what benefits do they offer to large organizations?

Enterprise Databases are used by large organizations to manage massive amounts of data, improving efficiency and allowing simultaneous access to users. They support multi-process operations and enable parallel queries on the system.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Database Concepts

The first paragraph introduces the topic of databases, defining what data is and explaining its various forms and storage methods. It distinguishes 'data' from 'datum' and highlights the importance of data in computing. The paragraph then delves into the concept of a database, describing it as an organized collection of data accessible and manageable through tables, rows, and columns. It also touches on the role of database handlers and the significance of databases in dynamic websites, mentioning specific examples like hotel room availability systems. The paragraph concludes with an overview of different types of databases, such as centralized, distributed, relational, NoSQL, and more, and introduces the use of SQL for database operations.

05:01

🔍 Exploring Different Types of Databases

This paragraph provides an in-depth exploration of various database types, starting with centralized databases and their advantages and disadvantages, such as data consistency and the risk of server failure. It then contrasts centralized databases with distributed databases, explaining their structure and examples like Apache Cassandra. The paragraph also covers the ACID properties of relational databases and mentions popular examples like MySQL and Oracle. NoSQL databases are discussed next, detailing their types, such as key-value storage and document-oriented databases, and their benefits like scalability and flexibility. Cloud databases and their services, object-oriented databases, hierarchical, and network databases are also briefly introduced, along with personal, operational, and enterprise databases, highlighting their unique uses and advantages.

10:01

📢 Closing Remarks and Call to Action

The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the video, encouraging viewers to subscribe to Learnaholic India for more content and to use the bell icon for updates. It invites viewers to like and share the video if they found it useful and to leave comments if they have any questions. The paragraph ends with a reminder to stay tuned for the next video, providing a sense of continuity and engagement with the audience.

Keywords

💡Data

Data refers to a collection of distinct units of information that can be in various forms such as text, numbers, and media. It is the fundamental building block of databases, serving as the raw material for processing and analysis. In the video, data is described as being storable in both physical and electronic forms, and its importance is emphasized in computing for efficient movement and processing.

💡Database

A database is an organized collection of data designed to facilitate easy access and management. It is structured into tables, rows, and columns, and often indexed to improve searchability. The video script explains that databases are created by database handlers to ensure that one set of software provides access to all users, highlighting their role in operating large amounts of information.

💡Database Management System (DBMS)

DBMS is a software system used to manage and control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It is central to the video's discussion on modern databases, which are managed by such systems. The script mentions SQL as a language used to operate on data within a DBMS, relying on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus.

💡SQL (Structured Query Language)

SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and managing data held in a relational database management system. The video script describes SQL as being integral to the operation of databases, with its origins in the work of Edgar F. Codd in 1970. It is used for storing, manipulating, and maintaining data within a database.

💡Centralized Database

A centralized database is a system where data is stored in a single, central location, allowing for easy access from various locations through applications that include authentication processes. The video script provides the example of a Central Library in a college or university, which maintains a central database of each library, illustrating the concept of centralization.

💡Distributed Database

A distributed database is one where data is spread across different locations, with the database systems connected through communication links. The video script differentiates between homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed databases, with examples such as Apache Cassandra and HBase, highlighting the modular development and resilience against server failures.

💡Relational Database

A relational database is based on the relational model, storing data in tables composed of rows and columns, with each table having a unique key. The video script credits E.F. Codd for inventing the relational database and mentions ACID properties, which ensure the reliability and integrity of database transactions.

💡NoSQL Database

NoSQL stands for 'Not Only SQL' and refers to a type of database that is used for storing a wide range of datasets in various formats, not just tabular. The video script explains that NoSQL databases emerged to meet the demands of modern application development, offering different types such as key-value storage, document-oriented databases, graph databases, and wide-column stores.

💡Cloud Database

A cloud database is a type of database that stores data in a virtual environment and operates over a cloud computing platform. The video script discusses the various services provided by cloud platforms, such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, and mentions popular cloud service providers like Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud SQL.

💡Object-oriented Database

An object-oriented database is a type of database that uses an object-based data model, storing data as objects similar to those used in object-oriented programming languages. The video script briefly introduces this concept, positioning it as an alternative approach to data storage and retrieval compared to traditional relational databases.

💡Hierarchical Database

A hierarchical database organizes data in a tree-like structure, with a parent-child relationship between records. The video script describes how each child record contains only one parent, while each parent can have multiple children, illustrating the hierarchical nature of the data organization.

💡Network Database

A network database follows the network data model, allowing for a more complex structure where each record can have multiple children and parents, forming a generalized graph. The video script contrasts this with the hierarchical database, highlighting the flexibility in data relationships that a network database provides.

💡Personal Database

A personal database is designed for a single user and is used for collecting and storing data on the user's system. The video script points out the simplicity and ease of handling of personal databases, as well as their small size and lower storage requirements.

💡Operational Database

An operational database is used for creating and updating data in real-time, designed to handle daily data operations in businesses. The video script provides the example of an organization using operational databases for managing daily transactions, emphasizing the role of operational databases in day-to-day business activities.

💡Enterprise Database

An enterprise database is used by large organizations to manage massive amounts of data, improving efficiency and allowing simultaneous access by multiple users. The video script discusses the advantages of enterprise databases, such as support for multi-processes and the ability to execute parallel queries.

Highlights

Introduction to the session on Types of Database with key topics including Data, Database, and various Database types.

Definition of Data as a collection of distinct units of information in various forms like text, numbers, and media.

Explanation of the term 'Data' being the plural of 'datum', meaning a single piece of information.

Data's role in computing as information translated for efficient movement and processing.

Database defined as an organized collection of data for easy access and management.

Description of how databases are organized into tables, rows, columns, and indexed for retrieval.

The purpose of a database in operating large amounts of information through storage, retrieval, and management.

Example of dynamic websites using databases, such as a hotel room availability checker.

List of popular databases like MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, MongoDB, and SQL Server.

Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS) and their role in managing modern databases.

The use of SQL and its reliance on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus in database operations.

Different types of databases presented, including Centralized, Distributed, Relational, NoSQL, Cloud, and more.

Centralized Database explained with its advantages like decreased data management risk and data consistency.

Distributed Database described, highlighting its modular development and resilience to server failures.

Relational Databases and their properties, including ACID properties ensuring data integrity and consistency.

NoSQL Databases introduced, explaining their flexibility for storing various data types beyond tabular forms.

Cloud Databases defined and their provision of cloud computing services for database access.

Object-oriented Databases and their use of object-based data models similar to object-oriented programming.

Hierarchical and Network Databases explained, detailing their data organization in tree-like and graph structures.

Personal Databases described for single-user data collection and storage with their simplicity and storage efficiency.

Operational Databases for real-time data creation and updates, crucial for daily business transactions.

Enterprise Databases for large organizations, supporting multi-process and parallel queries for improved efficiency.

Closing remarks with a call to action for subscriptions, likes, shares, and comments for further engagement.

Transcripts

hello everyone !!!

welcome to Learnaholic India.

today we are going to learn -

Types of Database.

The topics that we are going to

learn in today's

session are :

What is Data?

What is Database?

and

Types of Database

So without wasting time lets start with today's session.

First we will see What is Data?

Data is a collection of a distinct small unit

of information.

It can be used in a variety

of forms like text, numbers,

media, bytes,etc.

it can be stored in pieces of paper

or electronic memory, etc.

Word 'Data' is originated from the word 'datum'

that means 'single piece of information.'

It is plural of the word datum.

In computing, Data is information that can be

translated into a form for efficient movement

and processing.

Data is interchangeable.

Now lets take a look at What is Database?

A database is an organized collection of data,

so that it can be easily accessed and managed.

You can organize data into tables, rows, columns,

and index it to make it easier to find relevant information.

Database handlers create a database in such

a way that, only one set of software program

provides access of data to all the users.

The main purpose of the database is to operate

a large amount of information by storing,

retrieving, and managing data.

There are many dynamic websites on the World

Wide Web nowadays which are handled through databases.

For example, a model that checks

the availability of rooms in a hotel.

It is an example of a dynamic website

that uses a database.

There are many databases available like

MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, Mongo DB, Informix, Postgre

SQL, SQL Server, etc.

Modern databases are managed by the

database management system (DBMS).

SQL or Structured Query Language is used to

operate on the data stored in a database.

SQL depends on relational algebra and tuple

relational calculus.

A cylindrical structure is used to display

the image of a database.

Now we will learn Types of Database

There are various types of databases used

for storing different varieties of data such as

Centralized Database

Distributed Database

Relational Database

NoSQL Database

Cloud Database

Object-oriented Databases

Hierarchical Databases

Network Databases

Personal Database

Operational Database

and Enterprise Database

We will see each and every type in detail.

Lets start with Centralized Database :

It is the type of database that stores data

at a centralized database system.

It comforts the users to access the stored data from

different locations through several applications.

These applications contain the authentication process

to let users access data securely.

An example

of a Centralized database can be Central Library

that carries a central database of each library

in a college or university.

Some Advantages of Centralized Database are

It has decreased the risk of data management,

that is, manipulation of data will not affect

the core data.

Data consistency is maintained as it manages

data in a central repository.

It provides better data quality, which enables

organizations to establish data standards.

It is less costly because fewer vendors are

required to handle the data sets.

Disadvantages of Centralized Database

The size of the centralized database is large,

which increases the response time for fetching

the data.

It is not easy to update such an extensive

database system.

If any server failure occurs, entire data

will be lost, which could be a huge loss.

Next type of database is Distributed Database

Unlike a centralized database system,

in distributed systems,

data is distributed among different

database systems of an organization.

These database systems are connected

via communication links.

Such links help the end-users to access

the data easily.

Examples of the Distributed

database are Apache Cassandra, HBase, Ignite,etc.

It can further divide a distributed database system into:

Homogeneous Distributed Database: -

Those database systems which execute on the

same operating system and use the same application

process and carry the same hardware devices.

Heterogeneous Distributed Database: -

Those database systems which execute on different

operating systems under different application

procedures, and carries different hardware devices.

Some Advantages of Distributed Database are

Modular development is possible in a distributed

database, that is, the system can be expanded

by including new computers and connecting

them to the distributed system.

One server failure will not affect the entire

data set.

Next type is Relational Database:

This database is based on the relational data

model, which stores data in the form of rows

that is (tuple) and columns that is (attributes),

and together forms a table that is (relation).

A relational database uses SQL for storing,

manipulating, as well as maintaining the data.

EF Codd invented the database in 1970.

Each table in the database carries a key that makes

the data unique from others.

Examples of Relational

databases are My SQL, Microsoft SQL Server,

Oracle, etc.

Lets take a look at Properties of Relational Database

There are following four commonly known properties

of a relational model known as ACID properties, where :

'A' means Atomicity:

This ensures the data operation will complete

either with success or with failure.

It follows the all or nothing strategy.

For example,

a t ransaction will either be committed

or will abort.

'C' means Consistency:

If we perform any operation over the data,

its value before and after the operation should be preserved.

For example, the account balance

before and after the transaction should be correct,

that is, it should remain conserved.

'I' means Isolation:

There can be concurrent users for accessing

data at the same time from the database.

Thus, isolation between the data should remain isolated.

For example, when multiple transactions occur

at the same time, one transaction effects

should not be visible to the other

transactions in the database.

'D' means Durability:

It ensures that once it completes the operation

and commits the data,

data changes should remain permanent.

Next type of database is No SQL Database:

Non-SQL or Not Only SQL is a type of database

that is used for storing a wide range of datasets.

It is not a relational database as it

stores data not only in tabular form

but in several different ways.

It came into existence

when the demand for building modern applications increased.

Thus, No SQL presented a wide variety

of database technologies in

response to the demands.

It can further divide a No SQL database

into the following four types:

first is Key-value storage: -

It is the simplest type of database

storage where it stores every

single item as a key (or attribute name)

holding its value, together.

second is Document-oriented Database: -

A type of database used to store

data as J SON-like document.

It helps developers in storing data

by using the same document model format as

used in the application code.

third is Graph Databases: -

It is used for

storing vast amounts of data in a graph-like structure.

Most commonly, social networking

websites use the graph database.

fourth is Wide-column stores: -

It is similar

to the data represented in relational databases.

Here, data is stored in large columns together,

instead of storing in rows.

Some Advantages of no SQL Database are -

It enables good productivity in the application

development as it is not required to store

data in a structured format.

It is a better option for managing and handling

large data sets.

It provides high scalability.

Users can quickly access data from

the database through key-value.

Next type is Cloud Database:

A type of database where data is stored in

a virtual environment and executes over the

cloud computing platform.

It provides users

with various cloud computing services

as (SaaS,PaaS, IaaS, etc)

for accessing the database.

There are numerous cloud platforms,

but the best options are:

Amazon Web Services(AWS)

Microsoft Azure

Kamatera

PhonixNAP

ScienceSoft

Google Cloud SQL, etc.

Next type is Object-oriented Databases -

The type of database that uses the object-based

data model approach for storing data in

the database system.

The data is represented and

stored as objects which are similar to the objects

used in the object-oriented programming language.

Next is Hierarchical Databases-

It is the type of database that stores data

in the form of parent-children relationship nodes.

it organizes data in a tree-like structure

as shown in the figure.

Data get stored in the form of records that

are connected via links.

Each child record in the tree will contain

only one parent.

On the other hand, each parent record can

have multiple child records.

Next type is Network Databases:

It is the database that typically follows

the network data model.

Unlike the hierarchical database,

it allows each record to have multiple

children and parent nodes to form a

generalized graph structure.

Next type is Personal Database:

Collecting and storing data on the user's

system defines a Personal Database.

This database is basically designed for a single user.

Some Advantage of Personal Database are -

It is simple and easy to handle.

It occupies less storage space as it is small in size.

Next is Operational Database:

This type of database which creates and updates

the database in real-time.

It is basically designed for executing

and handling the daily

data operations in several businesses.

For example, An organization uses operational

databases for managing per day transactions.

Last type is Enterprise Database:

Large organizations or enterprises use this

database for managing a massive amount of data.

It helps organizations to increase and

improve their efficiency.

Such a database allows simultaneous

access to users.

Advantages of Enterprise Database are

Multi processes are supportable over

the Enterprise database.

It allows executing parallel queries on the system.

Thank you for watching today's session.

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