20th Century Music | Impressionism and Expressionism | MAPEH First Quarter | Grade 10 Music

Summary

This video script introduces the 20th century music styles, focusing on the innovative works of composers like Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel in Impressionism, and Arnold Schoenberg in Expressionism. It highlights Impressionism's emphasis on mood and atmosphere, and Expressionism's exploration of intense emotions and psychological states. The script also discusses the characteristics of each style and the significant contributions of these composers to the evolution of music.

Takeaways

• 🎼 The 20th century saw the emergence of new musical styles like Impressionism, Expressionism, Neoclassicism, Avant-garde, and Modern Nationalism, which moved away from classical music conventions.
• 🌐 These styles were influenced by composers from various nations, reflecting the globalization of music in the 20th century.
• 🖌 Impressionism in music, primarily developed in France, sought to convey atmosphere and emotion rather than adhering to traditional forms, sharing traits with the visual Impressionism movement.
• 🎹 Key characteristics of Impressionist music include color and texture, atmosphere and mood, use of timbre, fluidity and ambiguity, and influences from nature and visual arts.
• 👤 Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel were prominent figures in the Impressionist movement, with Debussy being the primary exponent and Ravel known for his exquisite orchestration and sense of color.
• 🎵 Debussy's iconic works include 'Clair de Lune' and 'Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun', while Ravel's include 'Boléro' and 'Mother Goose'.
• 🎭 Expressionism in music was characterized by raw emotions, inner turmoil, and psychological exploration, often using dissonance and unconventional forms.
• 👨‍🏫 Arnold Schoenberg was a key figure in Expressionism, known for his development of the 12-tone technique, which organized all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale into a specific order for composition.
• 📚 Schoenberg's work marked a departure from traditional tonal music, influencing many composers and having a lasting impact on music history.
• 🌟 Both Impressionism and Expressionism were reactions to the Romantic period, with Impressionism focusing on mood and atmosphere, and Expressionism on intense emotions and psychological states.
• 🏛 The styles and techniques developed in the 20th century, such as the 12-tone technique, continue to be studied and admired by musicians and scholars today.

Q & A

What were the distinct musical styles that emerged in the 20th century?

The distinct musical styles that emerged in the 20th century included Impressionism, Expressionism, Neoclassicism, Avant-garde music, and Modern Nationalism.

How did the musical styles of the 20th century reflect the growing globalization of music?

The musical styles of the 20th century reflected the growing globalization by being influenced by composers from different nations like France, Austria, Hungary, Russia, and the United States, who brought their unique cultural perspectives into their compositions.

What are the key characteristics of Impressionist music?

Key characteristics of Impressionist music include color and texture, atmosphere and mood, use of timbre, fluidity and ambiguity, and influences from nature and visual arts.

Who are the two major exponents of Impressionism in music mentioned in the script?

The two major exponents of Impressionism in music mentioned in the script are Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.

What are some of Claude Debussy's most famous and celebrated compositions?

Some of Claude Debussy's most famous and celebrated compositions include 'Clair de Lune', 'Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun', 'La Mer', 'Debussy Arabesque', and 'Children's Corner'.

What are some of Maurice Ravel's most famous works?

Some of Maurice Ravel's most famous works include 'Boléro', 'Pavane for a Dead Princess', 'Daphnis et Chloé', 'Rhapsodie espagnole', and 'Ma mère l'Oye' (Mother Goose).

What are the key characteristics of Expressionism in music?

Key characteristics of Expressionism in music include atonality, extreme emotion, psychological exploration, unconventional instrumentation and techniques, and nonlinear forms.

Who is the prominent composer associated with Expressionism mentioned in the script?

Arnold Schoenberg is the prominent composer associated with Expressionism mentioned in the script.

What is the significance of Arnold Schoenberg's development of the 12-tone technique?

Arnold Schoenberg's development of the 12-tone technique, also known as serialism or dodecaphony, was significant because it involved organizing all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale into a specific order and using this series as the basis for composition, which had a profound impact on 20th-century music.

What were some of Arnold Schoenberg's notable compositions?

Some of Arnold Schoenberg's notable compositions include 'Pierrot Lunaire', 'Transfigured Night' for string sextet, 'Suite for Piano, Opus 25', 'Variations for Orchestra, Opus 31', and the opera 'Moses und Aron'.

What impact did Arnold Schoenberg have on American music after immigrating to the United States?

After immigrating to the United States, Arnold Schoenberg continued to compose, teach, and influence the American music scene, contributing to the development of music theory and composition.

Outlines

00:00

🎵 Introduction to 20th Century Music Styles

This introductory lesson for grade 10 music delves into the evolution of music in the 20th century, highlighting the emergence of distinct styles such as Impressionism, Expressionism, Neoclassicism, Avant-garde, and Modern Nationalism. The lesson emphasizes the pivotal roles of composers like Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and George Gershwin in shaping these innovative styles. Impressionism, which originated in France, is characterized by its focus on atmosphere and emotion, with key features including color and texture, atmosphere and mood, use of timbre, fluidity and ambiguity, and influences from nature and visual arts. The lesson also introduces the composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, detailing their significant contributions to impressionist music and listing some of their iconic works.

05:02

🎼 Comparative Study of Impressionist Composers

This section provides a comparative analysis of the two major exponents of French Impressionism, Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel. While both composers shared similarities in their harmonic and textual approaches to music, they differed in their personalities and methods. Debussy was more spontaneous and liberal in form, whereas Ravel was meticulous and adhered to classical norms of musical structure. The paragraph also lists some of Ravel's famous works, such as 'Boléro' and 'Pavane pour une infante défunte,' and discusses the influence of both composers on the classical music scene of their time.

10:06

🎶 The Rise of Expressionism in Music

This paragraph explores Expressionism, a significant artistic movement in music that emerged in the early 20th century, characterized by its raw and intense emotional expression and psychological exploration. Expressionist composers rejected traditional tonality and conventional forms, often using dissonance and chromaticism to convey inner turmoil and the human psyche. Key characteristics include atonality, extreme emotions, psychological exploration, unconventional instrumentation and techniques, and nonlinear forms. Arnold Schoenberg is highlighted as a prominent composer of this movement, known for his development of the 12-tone technique, which had a profound impact on 20th-century music. The paragraph outlines Schoenberg's life, his early atonal music, the development of the 12-tone technique, his notable compositions, his influence through teaching, and his immigration to the United States.

Keywords

💡Impressionism

Impressionism is a musical style that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in France. It is characterized by its focus on capturing atmosphere and mood rather than adhering to traditional forms and structures. In the video, Impressionism is related to the music of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, who are noted for their use of color and texture, atmosphere and mood, and influences from nature and visual arts.

💡Expressionism

Expressionism is an artistic movement in music that appeared in the early 20th century, especially before and during World War I. It is defined by its raw and intense emotional expression and psychological exploration. The video discusses how Expressionism is a reaction against the lush harmonies of the late Romantic period, with composers like Arnold Schoenberg using atonality, extreme emotions, and unconventional instrumentation to convey inner turmoil.

💡Neoclassicism

While not explicitly defined in the script, Neoclassicism is a movement in the arts that seeks to emulate the aesthetic and formal qualities of classical art. In music, it is characterized by a return to the clarity, order, and simplicity of classical forms. Although not detailed in the script, it is implied as one of the distinct musical styles of the 20th century.

💡Avant-garde

Avant-garde refers to innovative and experimental approaches in the arts that push the boundaries of what is considered acceptable or traditional. In the context of the video, avant-garde music would be part of the 20th-century styles that moved away from classical conventions, although specific examples or composers are not mentioned.

💡Modern Nationalism

Modern Nationalism in music is a style that incorporates elements of a nation's traditional music into compositions, reflecting a sense of national identity. The script does not provide specific examples, but it is listed as one of the new styles that developed in the 20th century, influenced by the works of composers from various nations.

💡Claude Debussy

Claude Debussy is one of the most influential composers of the 20th century and a primary exponent of Impressionism in music. He is known for dissolving traditional rules and conventions, creating a new language in harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and color. The script mentions his famous works such as 'Clair de Lune' and 'Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun'.

💡Maurice Ravel

Maurice Ravel was a French composer and pianist associated with Impressionism. He is celebrated for his innovative orchestration, attention to detail, and sense of color and texture. The video script highlights his famous works like 'Boléro' and 'Mother Goose' ('Ma mère l'Oye'), illustrating his contribution to Impressionist music.

💡Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Schoenberg was a pioneering composer, music theorist, and painter who played a significant role in the development of 20th-century music. He is recognized for his contributions to music theory, especially the development of the 12-tone technique, which had a profound impact on the course of music history. His work, such as 'Pierrot Lunaire' and 'Moses und Aron,' is mentioned in the script as examples of Expressionist music.

💡Atonality

Atonality is a characteristic of music that lacks a tonal center or key, often using dissonance to create a sense of tension and unease. In the script, atonality is discussed in the context of Expressionism and the works of Arnold Schoenberg, who experimented with atonal music and developed the 12-tone technique.

💡12-Tone Technique

The 12-tone technique, also known as serialism or dodecaphony, is a method of musical composition invented by Arnold Schoenberg. It involves organizing all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale into a specific order or series, which is then used as the basis for the composition. The script explains that this technique had a significant influence on 20th-century music.

💡Globalization of Musical Styles

The globalization of musical styles refers to the increasing exchange and integration of musical elements from different cultures and nations. The video script mentions composers from France, Austria, Hungary, Russia, and the United States, indicating how their works reflected and contributed to the growing globalization of 20th-century music.

Highlights

Introduction to the first quarter lesson for grade 10 music, focusing on the music of the 20th century.

Exploration of the rise of distinct musical styles in the 20th century that moved away from classical music conventions.

Identification of impressionism, expressionism, neoclassicism, avangard music, and modern nationalism as key 20th-century styles.

Emphasis on the musical genius of composers like Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, and others as driving forces behind innovative styles.

Discussion of the globalization of musical styles in the 20th century, influenced by composers from various nations.

Explanation of Impressionism as a musical style that emphasizes atmosphere and emotion over traditional forms.

Key characteristics of impressionist music, including color and texture, atmosphere and mood, and use of timbre.

Description of fluidity and ambiguity in impressionist music, reflecting the shifting nature of human perception.

Influence of nature and visual arts on impressionist composers, translating sensory experiences into music.

Biographical information on Claude Debussy, his influence, and his role in the impressionist movement.

List of famous compositions by Debussy, including 'Clair de Lune' and 'Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun'.

Overview of Maurice Ravel's contributions to impressionistic music and his focus on atmosphere and mood.

Maurice Ravel's famous works such as 'Boléro' and 'Mother Goose', highlighting his craftsmanship and originality.

Comparison of Debussy and Ravel's styles, their similarities in harmonic and textual characteristics, and their differences in personality and approach.

Introduction to Expressionism in music, characterized by raw emotions, inner turmoil, and a departure from traditional tonality.

Key characteristics of expressionist music, including atonality, extreme emotions, and psychological exploration.

Unconventional instrumentation and nonlinear forms in expressionist music, allowing for direct expression of emotion.

Biography and work of Arnold Schoenberg, a pioneer in atonality and the 12-tone technique, impacting 20th-century music.

Schoenberg's development of the 12-tone technique and its profound influence on subsequent composers.

Arnold Schoenberg's notable compositions and his immigration to the United States, continuing to influence American music.

Transcripts

[Music]

good day everyone and Welcome to our

first quarter lesson for grade 10 music

entitled music of the 20th century in

this particular lesson you will

understand the 20th century music Styles

and characteristic features are you

ready to listen then let's go ahead and

start with our lesson the start of the

20th century saw the rise of distinct

musical styles that reflected and move

away from the conventions of earlier

classical music these new styles were

impressionism expressionism

neoclassicism avangard music and modern

nationalism the distinct musical styles

of the 20th century would not have been

developed if not for the musical genius

of individual composers such as Claude

deusi Maurice rll Arnold shonberg balea

Bartok eigor stravinski Sergey pofv and

George gerswin Who stand out as the

moving forces behind the Innovative and

experimental Styles mentioned above

coming from different nations like

France Austria Hungary Russia and the

United States these composers clearly

reflected the growing globalization of

musical styles in the 20th century let's

first understand what impressionism is

Impressionism is a style of music that

developed in the late 19th and early

20th centuries primarily in France it

shares its name with the impressionist

heart movement and like its visual

counterpart impressionist music seeks to

convey atmosphere and emotion rather

than strict adherence to traditional

forms and structures some key

characteristics of impressionist music

include one color and texture two

atmosphere and mood three use of tamber

four fluidity and ambiguity five

influences from nature and visual arts

first we have color and texture

impressionist composers aimed to create

colorful and evocative musical

Landscapes through the use of

orchestration and Harmony they often

used non-traditional scales modes and

extended harmonies to achieve unique

textures and colors in their

compositions next we have atmosphere and

mood impressionist music focuses on

capturing the mood or atmosphere of a

particular scene or moment composers

were less concerned with narrative or

storytelling and more interested in the

feelings and emotions evoked by the

music use of dber impressionist

composers paid close attention to the

timberl qualities of musical instruments

they experimented with unusual

instrumental combinations and techniques

to create a distinctive Sonic palette

next is fluidity and ambigu ity

impressionist music often lacks

clear-cut Melodies and rhythms instead

it tends to flow and evolve gradually

with a sense of ambiguity and fluidity

that mirrors the shifting nature of

human perception and the last

characteristic is influences from nature

and visual arts many impressionist

composers Drew inspiration from nature

as well as from the visual arts they

sought to translate the visual and

sensory experiences of the world into

musical form we have here two opponents

that made the impressionistic movement

possible the first one is Claude DEC and

the second one is Maurice rll let's

learn what their life and musical works

are Claude WC 1862 until 1918 is one of

the most important and influential of

the 20th century composers he was the

primary exponent of the impressionist

movement and the focal point for other

impressionist composers he changed the

course of musical development by

dissolving traditional rules and

conventions into a new language of

possibilities in harmony Rhythm form

texture and color Claude WC composed a

wide range of works and many of them are

considered iconic in the world of

classical music here are some of his

most famous and celebrated compositions

one Claire Delon two Prelude to the

afternoon of a fawn three Lam mer the

sea four du arabes and five Children's

Corner another proponent for

impressionistic music is Maurice rll

Maurice rll 1875 to 1937 was a French

composer and pianist known for his

Innovative and influential contributions

to classical music in the early 20th

century he is often associated with

impressionism a musical style that

emphasizes atmosphere and mood over

traditional harmonic and melodic

structures revel's compositions are

characterized by their exqu quisite

orchestration meticulous attention to

detail and a keen sense of color and

texture ravel's music is celebrated for

its originality craftsmanship and

ability to evoke vivid imagery and

emotions he was a prominent figure in

the musical scene of his time and left a

lasting impact on classical music some

of Maurice revel's most famous Works

include one Bolero 1928 2 Pon for a dead

princess Pon porun fon fund 1899 3 dness

at Khloe 1909 to 1912 4 Rob City espanol

1907 to 1908 five M Mara luw Mother

Goose 1908 this is the comparative

styles of WC and revel as the two major

exponents of French impressionism and

music WC and revel had crossed paths

during their lifetime although WC was 13

years older than Revel but their musical

Works sound quite similar in terms of

their harmonic and textual

characteristics the two differ greatly

in their personalities and approach to

music WC was more spontaneous and

liberal in form while Ruel was very

attentive to the classical Norms of

musical structure and compositional

craftsmanship DEC was more casual in his

portrayal of visual imagery Revel was

more formal and exacting in the

development of his motive ideas another

musical movement is expressed

expressionism expressionism was a

significant artistic movement in music

that emerged in the early 20th century

particularly in the Years leading up to

enduring World War I expressionist

composers sought to convey raw intense

emotions inner turmoil and the human

psyche through their music this movement

was a reaction against the Lush

harmonies and impressionistic tendencies

of the late Romantic Period and

represented a departure from traditional

tonality and conventional musical forms

hero here are some key characteristics

of expressionism in music one adality

two extreme emotion three psychological

exploration four unconventional

instrumentation and techniques five

nonlinear forms first we have a tonality

expressionist composers often abandon

traditional tonal structures using

dissonance and crticism to create a

sense of tension and unease compositions

frequently lack a clear sense of key or

tonal Center and dissonant intervals and

chords are common next is Extreme

Emotion expressionist music is known for

its emotional intensity composers sought

to convey profound and often disturbing

emotions such as fear anxiety Despair

and alienation this emotional depth is

reflected in the dissonant and sometimes

abrasive nature of the music another one

is psychological exploration

expressionist music delved into the

human psyche and often explored themes

of Madness inner conflict and

existential despair composers were

influenced by the psychological theories

of the time such as those of Sigman

Freud and Carl Jung next characteristics

is unconventional instrumentation and

techniques expressionist composers

sometimes used unconventional

instrumental techniques and extended

playing techniques to create unusual and

other worldly sounds they also

experimented with new timil combination

and instrumentations last characteristic

under expressionism is nonlinear forms

traditional musical forms such as Sonata

Alro or Turner forms were often

abandoned in favor of more fluid and

free structures that allowed for a more

direct expression of emotion for

expressionism we have Arnold shonberg as

our prominent composer he was a

pioneering Austrian and later American

composer music theorist and painter who

played a pivotal role in the development

of 20th Century Music He is widely

recognized for his Innovative

contributions to music theory and

composition particularly in the areas of

adality and the 12 tone technique here

are some key aspects of Arnold

schoenberg's life and work one early

life and training two eight tonal music

three development of the 12 tone

technique four compositions five

teaching and influences six immigration

to the United States for early life and

training shonberg was born in Vienna

Austria he initially studied music under

the guidance of notable composers and

teachers such as Alexander vanon zlinsky

and Gustav merer his early compositions

were influenced by the late romantic

style for atonal music around the early

20th century shonberg began to

experiment with eight tonal music which

lacks a traditional tonal Center and

often employs dissonance his is seminal

work in this style includes pieces like

piol lire which used a technique calleda

a form of vocal expression between

speaking and singing next is development

of the 12 tone technique shonberg is

perhaps best known for developing the 12

tone technique also known as serialism

or doopy this method involved organizing

all 12 pitches of the chromatic scale

into a specific order or series and

using this series as the basis for

composition this technique had a

profound impact on 20th century music

and influenced many composers who

followed him another one is compositions

schoenberg's notable compositions

include for clar Den transfigured KN

site for piano Opus 25 variations for

orchestra Opus 31 and Moses unan his

Opera Moses unan is considered in one of

his most significant works and deals

with complex philosophical and religious

themes teaching and influences shenberg

was a dedicated teacher and had a

significant impact on the development of

20th century music through his teaching

he taught several important composers

including Albin Berg and Anton V who

became part of the second viene school

and continued to explore the 12 tone

technique and last key aspect of Arnold

shenberg is immigration to the United

States due to the rise of the Nazi

regime in Austria and the persecution of

Jewish artists shonberg emmigrated to

the United States in the 1930s he

settled in Boston and later in Los

Angeles where he continued to compose

teach and influence the American Music

Scene Arnold schoenberg's work marked a

profound departure from traditional

tonal music and had a lasting impact on

the course of music history his

contributions to music theory and

composition continues to be studied

discussed and admired by musicians and

Scholars to this day