QUAL A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LITERATURA? | Thaís Mitiko Toshimitsu

Casa do Saber
26 Dec 201910:04

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the importance of literature in education and society, emphasizing its role in humanizing individuals and fostering a healthy democracy. It criticizes the pragmatic approach to literature, arguing that it's more than a cultural veneer and should be seen as a right, as proposed by Antônio Cândido in 'O Direito à Literatura'. The script also highlights the alarming statistics from the PISA study, showing that nearly 50% of Brazilian students lack basic reading skills, and stresses the need for literature to inspire imagination and the creation of different worlds, which is essential for political and social progress.

Takeaways

  • 📚 The importance of literature is often questioned, especially in practical and technical times, but it is intrinsic to human nature and education.
  • 🌱 Literature has a humanizing character that contributes to the formation of individuals and, by extension, a civilized society.
  • 📖 The teaching of literature is not just about texts, authors, or techniques; it's about nurturing the capacity to dream and imagine different worlds.
  • 🌟 Brazilian literature, in particular, is intertwined with the country's history and understanding of itself, offering unique insights into its culture.
  • 🔍 Reading and literature are closely connected, with the ability to read being fundamental to accessing literature and fostering a democratic society.
  • 📊 Recent PISA results show a concerning lack of reading comprehension among Brazilian students, highlighting the need for improved literacy.
  • 🌐 Literature is not just a cultural veneer but a gateway to knowledge and self-awareness, allowing individuals to explore new ideas and perspectives.
  • 💭 The power of imagination in literature is crucial for envisioning and creating different realities, which is essential for political and social progress.
  • 🏛 Antonio Candido's work emphasizes literature as a right, suggesting a broader view of its role in society beyond the traditional literary canon.
  • 📚 The expansion of literature readership in Brazil is a political project aimed at democratizing education and fostering a more informed and imaginative society.
  • 📱 The modern era, with its fast-paced digital media, poses challenges to the traditional reading and engagement with literature, requiring its defense and promotion.

Q & A

  • What is the main concern raised in the script about literature in the educational space?

    -The script raises the concern that literature is often questioned for its practical value, especially in a time where technical and pragmatic issues have gained more relevance.

  • What does the speaker suggest as the inherent characteristic of literature that defines humanity?

    -The speaker suggests that literature has a humanizing character that is intrinsic and defines humanity, which goes beyond mere texts, authors, techniques, or aesthetics.

  • How does the speaker relate literature to the formation of civilization?

    -The speaker relates literature to the formation of civilization by stating that literature is not just about reading texts but about the formation of humans and, by extension, a healthy and democratic civilization.

  • What is the significance of the expression 'a civilization capable of dreaming' as mentioned in the script?

    -The expression signifies a healthy and conducive civilization that can imagine and create different worlds, which is fundamental for the political and social development of a society.

  • What is the importance of reading ability according to the script in relation to literature?

    -The script emphasizes that reading ability is fundamental to accessing literature, and the lack of it, as indicated by the PISA results, is alarming because it represents an inability to read the world and understand different perspectives.

  • How does the script differentiate between literature and reading?

    -The script differentiates by stating that while literature and reading are intimately connected, they are distinct constructs with different values, both essential for a democratic society.

  • What role does literature play in the speaker's view of a society's political imagination?

    -Literature plays a crucial role in fostering a society's political imagination by providing the possibility to envision different worlds and to think beyond the current political projects.

  • What is the significance of the text 'O Direito à Literatura' by Antônio Cândido as mentioned in the script?

    -The text 'O Direito à Literatura' is significant because it frames literature as a right, emphasizing the importance of literature not just as a cultural veneer but as a fundamental aspect of human and societal development.

  • How does the script connect Brazilian literature to the understanding of Brazil's history and culture?

    -The script connects Brazilian literature to the country's history and culture by stating that Brazilian literature is born intertwined with the interpretation of the country, making it a crucial source for understanding Brazil's identity.

  • What challenges does the script identify in the current era for the practice of reading and literature?

    -The script identifies challenges such as the speed of information consumption, the prevalence of short-form media like micro-series and podcasts, and the distraction of digital screens, which can hinder the depth and concentration needed for reading literature.

  • What is the speaker's call to action regarding literature in the script?

    -The speaker calls for the defense of literature with determination, advocating for its importance in education and as a political project to increase the number of readers and foster a more democratic society.

Outlines

00:00

📚 The Importance and Humanizing Role of Literature

This paragraph discusses the ongoing debate about the relevance of literature, especially in educational settings, where technical and pragmatic concerns are increasingly prominent. The speaker emphasizes that literature is not just about texts or authors but is intrinsically humanizing, shaping civilization and fostering the ability to dream and create a healthy democracy. The paragraph references Antonio Candido's work, 'O Direito à Literatura,' highlighting literature as a right and a means to imagine and create different worlds, crucial for political and social development. The speaker also points out the alarming results of the PISA study, which shows that nearly 50% of Brazilian students lack reading comprehension skills, underscoring the importance of literature and reading in building a democratic society.

05:02

🌟 Literature as a Catalyst for Imagination and Social Understanding

The second paragraph delves into literature's role in sparking imagination, allowing individuals to experience and create different realities. It contrasts the limited view of literature as part of a literary canon with Antonio Candido's broader perspective, which sees literature as a possibility for storytelling and societal imagination. The speaker argues that a society unable to envision a different world is politically stagnant. Literature is presented as a means to form human beings and understand societies, with Brazilian literature specifically serving as a gateway to the country's history and cultural interpretation. The paragraph also touches on the challenges of maintaining a reading culture in the face of modern distractions like television, smartphones, and short-form media, advocating for the defense of literature as an essential part of education and a political project.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Literature

Literature in the script is defined as a fundamental aspect of human culture that transcends mere utility or pragmatism. It is intrinsically humanizing and is central to the theme of the video, which discusses the importance of literature in education and society. The script emphasizes literature's role in shaping civilization and fostering imagination, as illustrated by the reference to Antônio Cândido's work, which views literature as a right and a means to dream and create a healthy, democratic society.

💡Humanization

Humanization refers to the process of making something relatable or understandable to humans, often in an emotional or empathetic way. In the script, the concept is used to describe literature's ability to connect with our humanity, emphasizing its role in nurturing empathy, understanding, and the development of a civilized society. It is contrasted with technical or pragmatic concerns, suggesting that literature's value lies in its capacity to enrich human experience beyond mere functionality.

💡Civilization

Civilization, as discussed in the script, is not merely a collection of technological advancements but also encompasses the cultural, social, and moral progress of a society. The video suggests that literature contributes to the health and vibrancy of a civilization by enabling its members to dream, imagine, and strive for a better society, as highlighted by Cândido's notion of a civilization capable of dreaming.

💡Imagination

Imagination is portrayed in the script as a vital faculty that allows individuals to conceive of possibilities beyond their immediate reality. It is linked to literature's power to inspire and create different worlds, which is essential for political and social progress. The script uses the example of Cândido's view of literature as a fable, suggesting that without the ability to imagine, a society cannot envision or create a different or better world.

💡Education

Education in the context of the script is not limited to academic learning but extends to the broader cultivation of individuals and society. It highlights literature's role in education as a means to form humans capable of critical thinking and empathy, which is essential for a democratic society. The script also discusses the historical shift in the perception of literature from an aristocratic domain to a universal right for education.

💡Reading

Reading is presented as a foundational skill that enables access to literature and, by extension, to the broader world of ideas and knowledge. The script raises concerns about the decline in reading capabilities, as evidenced by the PISA results, and links this decline to the diminished capacity for understanding and imagining the world, which is crucial for a democratic and informed society.

💡Democracy

Democracy in the script is associated with the capacity of a society to dream, imagine, and create a better world. It is suggested that literature, by fostering imagination and critical thinking, contributes to the health of a democratic society. The script implies that a society unable to imagine or conceive of alternatives is politically stagnant and lacks the dynamism necessary for a vibrant democracy.

💡Cultural Value

Cultural value, as discussed in the script, refers to the worth attributed to cultural artifacts and practices, such as literature. It is distinguished from material value and is linked to the enrichment of human experience and the development of a society's collective identity. The script criticizes the reduction of culture to a superficial veneer and argues for the intrinsic value of literature in shaping and understanding a society's history and identity.

💡Brazilian Literature

Brazilian Literature is highlighted in the script as a unique expression of the country's history, culture, and identity. It is presented as an essential resource for understanding Brazil, with references to authors like José de Alencar and Machado de Assis. The script suggests that Brazilian literature is not just a part of the global literary canon but also a gateway to the country's specific cultural and historical contexts.

💡Media and Technology

The script discusses the impact of media and technology, particularly television and smartphones, on the reading habits of society. It suggests that the rise of these technologies has contributed to a decline in the depth and quality of engagement with literature, as they promote quick consumption and distraction. The script contrasts the density and depth of written text with the superficiality of digital media, indicating a concern for the future of literature in a fast-paced, technology-driven world.

Highlights

The importance of literature is questioned especially in the educational space, as technical and pragmatic issues gain more relevance.

Literature is not just about texts, authors, techniques, or aesthetics; it is about the humanizing aspect that defines us as humans.

Teaching literature should focus on its role in the formation of humans and civilization, not merely as a cultural veneer.

Literature is intrinsic to the construction of civilization and the ability to dream, which is essential for a healthy and democratic society.

Antonio Candido's text 'O direito à literatura' (The Right to Literature) is highlighted as an important piece for understanding literature's role in society.

The concept of literature as a right, rather than a mere reading or viewing activity, is introduced by Candido in 1988.

The PISA results reveal that nearly 50% of Brazilian students lack the ability to read a text, indicating a serious issue with literacy.

Literature and reading are intimately connected, with the latter being a prerequisite for accessing the former.

The importance of reading and literature for constructing a democratic society is emphasized, as they are fundamental to understanding the world.

Literature opens up possibilities for knowledge and self-recognition, allowing individuals to experience and imagine different worlds.

The absence of imagination in our time is critiqued, with utopias being essential as they provide a horizon towards which society can strive.

Literature is a means to form as human beings and to construct societies capable of imagining and creating different worlds.

Candido's example of someone daydreaming on a bus, imagining being a millionaire, illustrates the power of literature to inspire dreams.

Brazilian literature is unique in its connection to the interpretation of the country, making it essential for understanding Brazil's history and culture.

The challenge of forming readers in a society dominated by fast-paced media like cell phones and micro-series is discussed.

The need to defend literature and the act of reading with determination is emphasized to ensure its place in education and society.

The historical context of literature as a domain of the aristocracy until the 1930s is mentioned, highlighting the shift towards universal education in literature.

The impact of television and the decline of the cultural industry on the space and possibility for reading is critiqued.

The abstract nature of digital screens is contrasted with the density of text in books, suggesting a need to refocus on the written word.

Transcripts

play00:00

acho que é uma pergunta que se faz o

play00:02

tempo inteiro principalmente no espaço

play00:05

escolar

play00:07

qual a importância da literatura ou

play00:10

dizendo de um jeito mais cru e seco para

play00:13

que estudar literatura pra que ler

play00:16

literatura qual é a importância da

play00:18

existência da literatura é no tempo

play00:28

histórico em que as questões técnicas

play00:32

pragmática celas foram ganhando cada vez

play00:34

mais relevo essa pergunta passou a ser

play00:38

uma pergunta cada vez mais constante né

play00:41

eu costumo dizer para os meus alunos

play00:43

quando eles me perguntam isso que

play00:46

enquanto a resposta do pará que a

play00:49

literatura pra que ele terá tura foram

play00:52

pra nada a gente a gente está a salvo né

play00:57

dizer não existe a idéia de que a gente

play01:01

precisa definir a literatura uma

play01:04

utilidade um pragmatismo uma

play01:07

funcionalidade né se a gente for pensar

play01:10

desse jeito sobre o que a literatura é a

play01:14

gente vai abandonar justamente aquilo

play01:16

que define a gente como humano né

play01:19

há na literatura um caráter humanizador

play01:22

e que é intrínseco é ela o ensino de

play01:25

literatura portanto ele é o ensino não

play01:27

de textos nem de autores nem de técnicas

play01:31

nem de estéticas nem de nada disso que

play01:35

ao longo do tempo principalmente num

play01:37

país subdesenvolvido ganhou caráter que

play01:40

é o caráter de um verniz cultural de uma

play01:45

quantidade de coisas que se saiba em que

play01:49

isso de fato tenha um sentido e tem um

play01:51

lastro de subjetividade para quem

play01:54

acumula esses saberes né

play01:58

como é que a gente foi transformando a

play02:01

cultura em um valor que é quase um valor

play02:06

material e não o sentido do que é a

play02:09

construção de uma civilização pensar

play02:11

portanto a literatura no seu caráter de

play02:13

formação em seu caráter de educação é

play02:15

pensar na formação de humanos e portanto

play02:17

é pensar na formação de uma civilização

play02:20

para usar a expressão de antonio candido

play02:22

uma civilização capaz de sonhar e uma

play02:25

civilização capaz de sonhar é uma

play02:27

civilização saudável e uma civilização

play02:30

propícia é capaz de criar uma democracia

play02:35

acho que ainda hoje o texto mais

play02:37

importante para a gente pensar sobre

play02:39

literatura é o texto de antônio cândido

play02:41

que foi publicado pela primeira vez em

play02:43

1988 e que se chama o direito à

play02:46

literatura eu gosto muito do título

play02:48

desse texto porque a gente pensa em

play02:52

literatura em leitura como de ver né e

play02:55

quando antônio cândido pensa em 88 na

play02:58

literatura como um direito

play03:00

a gente tem me parece um ganho

play03:03

estrondoso pra gente pensar não só

play03:05

literatura mas para a gente pensar a

play03:07

arte de modo geral e para a gente pensar

play03:09

a cultura né

play03:12

saiu há pouco tempo o resultado do pisa

play03:16

é que é que é a pesquisa ea investigação

play03:21

que mede qual é a capacidade de leitura

play03:25

dos alunos em muitos países e o

play03:28

resultado disso foi que no brasil quase

play03:33

50% da população brasileira dos

play03:36

estudantes brasileiros não têm

play03:38

capacidade de ler um texto é um dado

play03:42

alarmante porque é e aí com isso eu

play03:45

queria juntar duas coisas aqui pra gente

play03:47

pensar né

play03:48

como é que literatura e leitura são duas

play03:51

coisas que estão intimamente conectados

play03:53

parece ouviu não é porque afinal de

play03:56

contas você precisa saber ler para poder

play03:59

chegar a literatura é mas a gente está

play04:02

falando de duas construções de dois

play04:04

valores que embora

play04:06

estejam interligados eles são diferentes

play04:08

e eles são fundamentais para a

play04:10

construção de uma sociedade democrática

play04:13

e de fato quando a gente precisa pensar

play04:15

sobre a civilização bom o que significa

play04:18

que essa quantidade enorme de de meninos

play04:22

e meninas não tenham a capacidade de ler

play04:25

significa uma impossibilidade de leitura

play04:27

do mundo né não é a leitura de palavras

play04:30

não é a leitura de textos e também não é

play04:33

conhecer esse ou aquele escritor né

play04:36

então portanto pensar que a literatura

play04:39

não como esse verniz de que eu falava

play04:43

antes mas é o que é que a literatura ela

play04:47

abre como possibilidade de conhecimento

play04:50

do mundo de reconhecimento de si mesmo

play04:53

play04:53

quando se está diante de um texto

play04:55

literário se está diante de uma

play04:56

possibilidade de conhecer coisas de

play04:59

estar em lugares de pensar como pessoas

play05:01

é que você talvez jamais conhecesse de

play05:05

lugares que você talvez jamais visitasse

play05:08

a literatura é a possibilidade de

play05:11

imaginação não só para que você possa

play05:13

vivenciar coisas mas a possibilidade de

play05:16

imaginar para que se possa criar mundos

play05:18

diferentes né então quando antonio

play05:20

candido fala no direito à literatura ele

play05:22

não fala da literatura específica dos

play05:25

textos do cânone do paradigma é dos 100

play05:28

livros mais importantes e dos grandes

play05:30

clássicos da literatura mas o cândido

play05:33

vai falar que a literatura é a

play05:35

possibilidade de fábula uma sociedade

play05:38

que não têm possibilidade de imaginar

play05:40

uma sociedade que não têm possibilidade

play05:42

de pensar um mundo diferente daquele em

play05:44

que ele está vivendo é uma sociedade que

play05:47

não consegue se criar politicamente para

play05:49

absolutamente nada né

play05:51

é acho que a gente está vivendo um tempo

play05:53

que é um tempo de ausência de imaginação

play05:56

play05:57

como é que é que as utopias elas são

play06:00

fundamentais porque elas são o horizonte

play06:03

para o qual a gente se dirige o tempo

play06:05

todo quando a gente imagina que um

play06:07

projeto político morreu que o projeto

play06:10

político que a gente esteja vivendo não

play06:12

é suficiente mas a gente não consegue

play06:14

imaginar um outro projeto político a

play06:16

gente não consegue sair do lugar

play06:18

a literatura é possível

play06:19

idade de alimentar isso o tempo inteiro

play06:21

né é o cândido dar um exemplo super

play06:25

bonito nesse texto em que ele diz assim

play06:27

a literatura é a possibilidade de alguém

play06:31

encostado com a cabeça na janela do

play06:34

ônibus é imaginar que ele possa ser

play06:38

milionário e ter ganhado na loteria né

play06:40

eu fazer literatura é contar piada fazer

play06:44

literatura é poder relatar um sonho

play06:47

então a literatura ela é o lugar em que

play06:50

a gente se forma enquanto ser humano

play06:52

ao mesmo tempo a literatura é esse

play06:56

arcabouço de conhecimento das sociedades

play06:59

todas né

play07:00

e quando a gente pensa na sociedade

play07:01

brasileira é um lugar em que a gente vai

play07:04

conhecer a nossa história literatura

play07:06

brasileira é diferente da literatura de

play07:08

outros países porque a literatura

play07:10

brasileira ela nasce conectada e

play07:14

entrelaçada com o que é a interpretação

play07:16

do país

play07:17

então quem quer conhecer o país precisa

play07:20

conhecer o que a literatura desse país

play07:22

né eu não vou saber nunca o que é o

play07:24

século 19 sem ter lido josé de alencar

play07:27

ii sem ter lido machado de assis né e

play07:30

então a literatura ela essa porta de

play07:32

acesso para o conhecimento não pensando

play07:35

em uma funcionalidade em uma utilidade

play07:38

imediata mas pensando no sentido de que

play07:43

existe uma utilidade que é uma utilidade

play07:48

típica do conhecimento né e como é que é

play07:53

que quando você se depara com um texto

play07:56

literário e poético ou em prosa se

play07:59

depara com um encontro de palavras que

play08:01

talvez você jamais pudesse se encontrar

play08:03

play08:04

e como é que isso abre novas dimensões

play08:07

então eu acho que pensar a literatura

play08:08

como um projeto de educação

play08:11

pensar a literatura com uma ampliação da

play08:15

quantidade de eleitores no brasil

play08:19

é absolutamente fundamental e é um

play08:24

projecto político sem dúvida nenhuma né

play08:27

quando a gente pensa que a gente vem

play08:30

tentando formar leitores é

play08:33

democraticamente de uma forma universal

play08:35

desde a década de 30 do século 20 porque

play08:39

antes disso a literatura era um lugar de

play08:41

aristocracia e ponto né

play08:43

mas desde a década de 30 a idéia de que

play08:46

a educação ea literatura ela precisa ser

play08:48

pra todo mundo é desde esse momento a

play08:51

gente não tem sido bem sucedido nisso né

play08:54

década de 50 é a década de entrada da

play08:57

televisão eo massacre da indústria

play08:59

cultural que vai abandonando e vai

play09:01

tirando o espaço ea possibilidade de a

play09:04

gente lê se a gente pensar que o nosso

play09:06

tempo um tempo da velocidade do celular

play09:09

é das micro séries de três minutos dos

play09:14

podcasts

play09:15

como é que é que isso também foi

play09:17

afastando a possibilidade de a gente

play09:19

para o corpo de a gente se concentrar

play09:22

numa palavra escrita a palavra escrita

play09:25

num texto numa página de livro ela não

play09:27

boia né no na tela do computador na tela

play09:31

do celular

play09:32

ela está sempre né numa abstração que é

play09:36

uma abstração que não permite que você

play09:37

tenha densidade do texto né então a

play09:42

literatura ela precisa ser defendida com

play09:45

unhas e dentes por todos os dons gostou

play09:48

do vídeo deixe seu comentário e se

play09:50

inscreve no canal casa do saber

play09:54

[Música]

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Связанные теги
LiteratureEducationCivilizationImaginationHumanizationReading SkillsCultural ValueBrazilian LiteratureAntonio CandidoPISA Results
Вам нужно краткое изложение на английском?